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Duan R, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang L, Yang J, Wang L, Wang S, Su Y, Xue H. Transcriptome and Physiological Analysis Highlight Lignin Metabolism of the Fruit Dots Disordering during Postharvest Cold Storage in 'Danxiahong' Pear. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1785. [PMID: 37761925 PMCID: PMC10531081 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pear (Pyrus L.) is one of the most important fruits in the world. Fruit dots are an important trait that affects pear quality. Abnormal fruit dots usually reduce the merchantability of pears. In this research, during cold storage, 'Danxiahong' pear fruit exhibited protrudent fruit dots on the peels. Microscopy system measurement showed that fruit dots size and height on the abnormal fruit peel were bigger and higher than the normal ones. Likewise, scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the abnormal fruit peel, in contrast to the normal pear peel, exhibited an abnormal cell structure and fruit dots. Physiological analysis showed that the lignin content in abnormal fruit peel was significantly higher than in normal fruit peel. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the top-enriched pathways were mainly associated with lignin synthesis and metabolism. The transcripts of lignin biosynthesis-associated genes were analyzed, and the results showed that the expression of a cascade of structural genes, including PpyPAL, PpyCCR, PpyC3H, PpyC4H, PpyHCT, PpyCAD, PpyLAC, and PpyPOD, was significantly induced in the protrudent peels. Furthermore, the expression of regulatory genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, especially the NAC-MYB-based gene regulatory network, was significantly upregulated in the abnormal peels. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed the induction of lignin biosynthesis genes. Overall, this research revealed that the abnormal fruit surface was caused by fruit dots disorder during cold storage. This research provides insights into the fine regulation pathways in the prevention of fruit dots protrusion, especially in modulating lignin synthesis and metabolism during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwei Duan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xiangzhan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Long Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Suke Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yanli Su
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Huabai Xue
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crop, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (R.D.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.Y.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
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Ge S, Wang R, Yang L, Kong H, Chang X, Fu X, Shan Y, Ding S. Transcriptomics and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics reveal the mechanism of heat shock combined with 1-methylcyclopropene to regulate the cuticle wax of jujube fruit during storage. Food Chem 2023; 408:135187. [PMID: 36527923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cuticle wax is closely related to fruit quality during storage. In this study, changes in epidermal wax morphology, composition, and genes regulation induced by heat shock (HT), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or their combination (HT + 1-MCP) were investigated in jujube fruit during cold storage. HT, 1-MCP, or HT + 1-MCP caused a smoother wax layer and fewer micro-cracks compared to the control (CK) during cold storage. It was confirmed that acids and terpenoids were the main wax components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. HT + 1-MCP and 1-MCP treatments could significantly increase (p < 0.05) the wax content at 45 d of cold storage. The transcriptomics results indicated that HT + 1-MCP treatment up-regulated FATB, FATB, FAB2, FAD2 and CYP716A, and maintained the wax content of jujube fruit during cold storage. These results could provide new perspective for regulating the cuticle characteristics to extend the shelf life of jujube fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ge
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lvzhu Yang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xia Chang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xincheng Fu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China.
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Li D, Cheng Y, Shang Z, Guan J. Changing surface wax compositions and related gene expression in three cultivars of Chinese pear fruits during cold storage. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14328. [PMID: 36340202 PMCID: PMC9635359 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface wax of fruit has a significant effect on abiotic stress and fruit quality. In this study, the composition of the waxes found on fruit surfaces and the related gene expression of three different pear cultivars (Xuehua, Yali, and Yuluxiang) were investigated during cold storage. The results showed that 35 wax compositions were found on the surfaces of the three pear cultivars, mainly including C29 alkane, three fatty acids, two esters, three aldehydes, three fatty alcohols, and three triterpenoids. The largest amount of C29 alkane, three fatty acids and two esters were found in Yuluxiang (YLX) on day 90, while aldehydes with carbons of C30 and C32 were the highest in Yali (YL). Xuehua (XH) showed the largest amount of C22 fatty alcohol on day 180 compared to YLX and YL. Larger amounts of triterpenoids were found in XH and YL when compared to YLX. The expression levels of fifteen wax related genes (LACS1, KCS2, KCS6, FDH, KCS20, GL8, CER10, CER60, LTPG1, LTP4, ABCG12, CER1L, CAC3, CAC3L, and DGAT1L) reached their peak at day 45 in YLX, compared to XH and YL, their expression levels in YLX were higher to different degrees. These results suggest that the different expression patterns of wax-related genes may be closely related to the difference in wax compositions of the surface wax of three pear cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,School of Life Science and Engineering, Handan University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Yudou Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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He J, Feng Y, Cheng Y, Wang M, Guan J. A comprehensive insight on the main physiological biochemical and related genes expression changes during the development of superficial scald in "Yali" pear. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987240. [PMID: 36119567 PMCID: PMC9478120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Superficial scald is a serious physiological disorder in "Yali" pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Yali) after long-term cold storage. Changes in superficial scald, ethylene production, α-farnesene and phenylpropane metabolism with associated gene expression in "Yali" pear treated with and without (control) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) were investigated. Compared with the control group (without 1-MCP), 1-MCP (1.0 μl L-1) significantly lowered the superficial scald index after 180 days of cold storage. During cold storage and shelf life, the contents of α-farnesene, conjugated trienols, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin in the peel were reduced, while quercetin was enhanced in 1-MCP-treated fruit, and the expression of genes associated with ethylene synthesis (ACS1, ACO1), receptors (ETR2, ERS1) and signal transduction (ERF1), α-farnesene metabolism (AFS1, HMGR2, GST7), phenolic biosynthesis (PAL1, C4H1, C4H2, HCT3, 4CL2, C3H), and oxidases (PPO1, PPO5, and LAC7) were significantly downregulated by 1-MCP. These results suggested that the onset and development of superficial scald was closely related to the ethylene receptor, conjugated trienols, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin and related genes expression in "Yali" pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang He
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Plant Genetic Engineering Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunxiao Feng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Plant Genetic Engineering Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yudou Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Plant Genetic Engineering Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Plant Genetic Engineering Center, Shijiazhuang, China
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Romero P, Lafuente MT. Ethylene-driven changes in epicuticular wax metabolism in citrus fruit. Food Chem 2022; 372:131320. [PMID: 34653780 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epicuticular waxes are important natural compounds that influence cuticle properties and can protect fruit from factors that harm its external quality. We demonstrated that, at a dose that reduces postharvest citrus fruit quality loss (4 d 2 µL L-1), ethylene redirected epicuticular wax metabolism towards the synthesis of primary alcohols, mostly behenyl alcohol, by favouring the acyl-reduction pathway. This treatment also reduced the synthesis of terpenoids by redirecting the mevalonate pathway towards farnesol accumulation to the detriment of the accumulation of most triterpenoids, but not of their precursor squalene. Moreover, the 4 d ethylene treatment sharply increased the synthesis of docosane and lignoceric acid and lowered that of cerotic acid. Longer ethylene exposure (8 d) reversed some of these effects by lowering the contents of most alcohols, lignoceric acid and squalene, while increasing that of its derivative sitosterol. The 8 d ethylene treatment also increased farnesol and docosane contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Romero
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Dr. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Lafuente
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Dr. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Bata Gouda MH, Peng S, Yu R, Li J, Zhao G, Chen Y, Song H, Luo H. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Possible Mechanism by which 1-MCP Regulates the Postharvest Senescence of Zizania latifolia. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To understand the mechanism governing the postharvest senescence of Zizania latifolia, and the regulatory mechanism induced by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) during storage at 25°C, physiobiochemical and conjoint analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome were performed. The results indicated that 1-MCP treatment engendered changes in the expression of genes and metabolites during the postharvest storage of Z. latifolia. The 1-MCP treatment maintained a good visual appearance, preserved the cell structure, and membrane integrity of Z. latifolia by keeping the expression of membranes-related lipolytic enzymes (and related genes) low and the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine high. Compared to the control group, 1-MCP treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in a decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and thus inhibition of oxidative damage and loss of membrane integrity. In addition, 1-MCP treatment retarded the senescence of Z. latifolia by down-regulating the expression of ethylene biosynthesis-related genes and promoting up-regulation of brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) kinase inhibitor 1, calmodulin (CaM), glutathione reductase, jasmonate amino acid synthase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related genes. Moreover, 1-MCP retarded Z. latifolia senescence by inducing the activity of ATP-biosynthesis related genes and metabolites. Our findings should facilitate future research on the postharvest storage of Z. latifolia, and could help delay senescence and prolong the storage time for commercial applications.
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