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Fincheira P, Jofré I, Espinoza J, Levío-Raimán M, Tortella G, Oliveira HC, Diez MC, Quiroz A, Rubilar O. The efficient activity of plant essential oils for inhibiting Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum: Mechanistic insights into antifungal activity. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127486. [PMID: 37742453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum produce deterioration in fruit quality, causing losses to the food industry. Thus, plant essential oils (EOs) have been proposed as a sustainable alternative for minimizing the application of synthetic fungicides due to their broad-spectrum antifungal properties. This study investigated the efficacy of five EOs in suppressing the growth of B. cinerea and P. expansum and their potential antifungal mechanisms. EOs of Mentha × piperita L., Origanum vulgare L., Thymus vulgaris L., Eucalyptus globules Labill., and Lavandula angustifolia Mill., were screened for both fungi. The results showed that the EO of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare were the most efficient in inhibiting the growth of B. cinerea and P. expansum. The concentration increase of all EO tested increased fungi growth inhibition. Exposure of fungi to EOs of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare increased the pH and the release of constituents absorbing 260 nm and soluble proteins, reflecting membrane permeability alterations. Fluorescence microscopic examination revealed that tested EOs produce structural alteration in cell wall component deposition, decreasing the hypha width. Moreover, propidium iodide and Calcein-AM stains evidenced the loss of membrane integrity and reduced cell viability of fungi treated with EOs. Fungi treated with EOs decreased the mitochondria activity and the respiratory process. Therefore, these EOs are effective antifungal agents against B. cinerea and P. expansum, which is attributed to changes in the cell wall structure, the breakdown of the cell membrane, and the alteration of the mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fincheira
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-UFRO), Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Ignacio Jofré
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Laboratory of Geomicrobiology, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javier Espinoza
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-UFRO), Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcela Levío-Raimán
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-UFRO), Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-UFRO), Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Halley Caixeta Oliveira
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, University of Londrina, PR 445, km 380, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - María Cristina Diez
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-UFRO), Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-UFRO), Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-UFRO), Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
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Wang K, Zhang X, Shao X, Wei Y, Xu F, Wang H. Flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. inhibit Botrytis cinerea by negatively affecting cell membrane lipid metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7139-7151. [PMID: 36201036 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a highly destructive and widespread phytopathogen in fruits. The widespread use of chemical antifungal agents on fruits has aided in disease control while their long-term use has resulted in the emergence of resistant fungal strains. Flavonoids have a specific antifungal effect. The inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. (FSAL) on B. cinerea were determined in this study. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of FSAL against B. cinerea was 1.500 mg/mL. FSAL treatment caused leakage of macromolecules such as nucleic acids, led to accumulation of malondialdehyde and relative oxygen species, and disrupted the ultrastructure of B. cinerea. The transcriptome results indicated that compared with the control group, there were 782 and 1330 genes identified as being substantially upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the FSAL-treated group. The identified genes and metabolites were mostly involved in redox processes and glycerolipid and amino acid metabolism pathways. FSAL offer a promising choice for food prevention and safety. KEY POINTS: • FSAL negatively affects the glycerolipid metabolism of B. cinerea • FSAL minimum inhibitory concentration against B. cinerea was 1.500 mg/mL • FSAL could be utilized as a new prevention strategy for gray mold in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Wang
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Effect of Gaseous Citral on Table Grapes Contaminated by Rhizopus oryzae ITEM 18876. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162478. [PMID: 36010478 PMCID: PMC9407198 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae is responsible for rapidly producing a deliquescent appearance in grape berries, generally favoured by cold chain interruptions. To counteract fruit spoilage and to meet consumer acceptance, innovative strategies based on the application of natural compounds are ongoing. Due to their biological activities, including antimicrobial ones, natural flavour compounds extend the shelf life and improve the nutritional value as well as the organoleptic properties of foods. Thus, in this work, the application of the antimicrobial citral, a flavor component of monoterpenes identified in plant and fruit essential oils, was developed and validated against one spoiler of R. oryzae. Citral, as pure compound, was first investigated in vitro against R. oryzae ITEM 18876; then, concentrations equal to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 4-fold MIC (4MIC) value were applied on the table grape cv Italia infected with this strain and stored. The MIC value was equal to 0.0125 μL/cm3; both citral concentrations (0.0125 and 0.05 µL/cm3) were effective in counteracting the microbial decay of infected table grapes over the storage period. The HS-SPME/GC-MS method showed citral persistence in the head space of plastic trays with the infected samples; as expected, a higher content of citral isomers was found in the sample treated with 4MIC value. In conclusion, citral revealed its efficacy to counteract the onset of soft rot by R. oryzae ITEM 18876 under storage conditions. Thus, it could be successfully exploited to develop an active packaging or natural preservatives to extend table grape shelf life without affecting its quality and sensory characteristics, whilst also satisfying the consumer demand for natural preservative agents.
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Moreira P, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Batista MT, Branco PC, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. Forest Biomass as a Promising Source of Bioactive Essential Oil and Phenolic Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158812. [PMID: 35955963 PMCID: PMC9369093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD able to prevent disease progression, highlighting the urgency of finding new therapeutic strategies to stop or delay this pathology. Several plants exhibit potential as source of safe and multi-target new therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Meanwhile, Eucalyptus globulus extracts revealed important pharmacological activities, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and phenolic extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, disclosing major compounds and their effects on AD-relevant pathological features, including deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), abnormalities in GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In general, 1,8-cineole is the major compound identified in EO, and ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were described as main compounds in phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. EO and phenolic extracts, and especially their major compounds, were found to prevent several pathological cellular processes and to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus leaves are a relevant source of biological active and safe molecules that could be used as raw material for nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal products useful for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Fragão Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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PEDROTTI CARINE, FRANZOI CLARISSA, ROSA MARIATATIANES, TRENTIN TAYNÁR, VILASBOA JOHNATAN, SCARIOT FERNANDOJOEL, ECHEVERRIGARAY SÉRGIOL, SCHWAMBACH JOSÉLI. Antifungal activity of essential oil from Eucalyptus staigeriana against Alternaria alternata causing of leaf spot and black rot in table grapes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200394. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CARINE PEDROTTI
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - CLARISSA FRANZOI
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - MARIA TATIANE S. ROSA
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - TAYNÁ R. TRENTIN
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | - JOHNATAN VILASBOA
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
| | | | | | - JOSÉLI SCHWAMBACH
- Laboratório de Controle de Doenças de Plantas e Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Brazil
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Korpinen RI, Välimaa AL, Liimatainen J, Kunnas S. Essential Oils and Supercritical CO 2 Extracts of Arctic Angelica ( Angelica archangelica L.), Marsh Labrador Tea ( Rhododendron tomentosum) and Common Tansy ( Tanacetum vulgare)-Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237121. [PMID: 34885703 PMCID: PMC8658896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, arctic Finnish Angelica (Angelica archangelica L.), marsh Labrador tea (Rhododendron tomentosum, syn. Ledum palustre) and common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) have been used as medicinal herbs in folklore medicine. However, these underutilised plants are a source of, e.g., oil-based compounds, which could benefit many modern applications implemented by the green chemistry extraction methods, as well. We extracted Angelica, marsh Labrador tea and common tansy by non-toxic and recyclable extraction methods, i.e., hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction; characterised the essential oils (EOs) and scCO2 extracts by combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and in addition, analysed the antimicrobial properties. As expected for Angelica root and common tansy inflorescence, the scCO2 extraction method produced less amount of volatile compounds compared to hydrodistillation. On the other hand, more coumarins, alkanes, fatty alcohols and fatty acids were obtained. Additionally, sesquiterpenoids palustrol and ledol were predominant compounds in both marsh Labrador tea EO and scCO2 extract. According to our results, however, all the EOs and scCO2 extracts showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against the selected microbes, but the effects were extract-specific. The strongest and broadest antimicrobial activities were performed by marsh Labrador tea scCO2 extract, which showed extremely strong effect on Staphylococcusaureus subsp. aureus and strong effect on Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto I. Korpinen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (R.I.K.); (J.L.)
- Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Välimaa
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Paavo Havaksentie 3, 90570 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (R.I.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Susan Kunnas
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ounasjoentie 6, 96200 Rovaniemi, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-295325299
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Can Eucalyptol Replace Antibiotics? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164933. [PMID: 34443521 PMCID: PMC8398027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary reasons for the search for new antimicrobial agents is the increasing and spreading resistance of microorganisms to previously used drugs. This is particularly important in the case of rapidly progressing infections that require the rapid administration of an appropriately selected antibiotic. However, along with the administration of antibiotics, complications in the disease-weakened body may arise in the form of systemic mycoses, viral infections, and protozoan infections. Therefore, there is an increasing interest among researchers focusing on the use of naturally occurring terpenic compounds in stand-alone or combined therapies with antibiotics. In this publication, the aim of our work is to present the results of a literature review on the antimicrobial activity of eucalyptol.
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Scariot FJ, Pansera MS, Longaray Delamare AP, Echeverrigaray S. Antifungal activity of monoterpenes against the model yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Joel Scariot
- Laboratory of Enology and Applied Microbiology University of Caxias do Sul Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 Caxias do Sul95070‐560Brazil
| | - Mariliza Salete Pansera
- Laboratory of Enology and Applied Microbiology University of Caxias do Sul Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 Caxias do Sul95070‐560Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Longaray Delamare
- Laboratory of Enology and Applied Microbiology University of Caxias do Sul Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 Caxias do Sul95070‐560Brazil
| | - Sergio Echeverrigaray
- Laboratory of Enology and Applied Microbiology University of Caxias do Sul Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130 Caxias do Sul95070‐560Brazil
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Gava A, Emer CD, Ficagna E, Fernandes de Andrade S, Fuentefria AM. Occurrence and impact of fungicides residues on fermentation during wine production- A review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:943-961. [PMID: 33784228 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1894357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuous fungicide spraying is required to eliminate fungal pathogens on grapes. However, this practice is associated with several risks, including contamination and environmental imbalance, as well as toxicity to operators and the induction of resistance in pathogens. In addition, a strong correlation has been reported between the presence of fungicides and the occurrence of issues during alcoholic fermentation, resulting in negative impacts on the sensory quality of the final products. Numerous studies have evaluated residue concentrations of phytosanitary products in grapes, juices, and wines, and a significant number of studies have assessed the impact of different agrochemicals on bioprocesses. However, a review compiling the key results of these studies is currently lacking. This review incorporates results obtained in the last decade from research on the presence of fungicide residues, including azoxystrobin, boscalid, captan, copper, fenhexamid, folpet, pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil and tebuconazole, and their effects on fermentation kinetics. Practical solutions to mitigate these problems, both in vineyards and industry, are also presented and discussed. This review highlights the constant high fungicidal agent concentrations (greater than 1 or 2 mg L-1) used throughout the winemaking process, with the impact of residues being of particular concern, especially with regard to their effect on yeast activity and the fermentation process. Thus, the adoption of methodologies that allow winemakers to control and trace these residues is an important step in avoiding or reducing fermentation problems throughout the winemaking process.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Gava
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassandro Davi Emer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Evandro Ficagna
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Bento Gonçalves, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Scariot FJ, Foresti L, Delamare APL, Echeverrigaray APLS. Activity of monoterpenoids on the in vitro growth of two Colletotrichum species and the mode of action on C. acutatum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104698. [PMID: 32980053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils and their main compounds, monoterpenoids, are considered as alternative control systems for phytopathogenic fungi, particularly those related to late diseases of fruits and vegetables, like anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species. In this context, we studied the effect of twenty monoterpenoids on Colletotrichum fructicola and C. acutatum to elucidate their effectiveness and mechanisms of action. Thus, we analyzed mycelial growth and conidial inhibitory concentration, as well as the effect of selected monoterpenoids on membrane integrity and cell vitality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry. The results showed that oxygenated monoterpenoids (alcohols and aldehydes) exhibited higher antifungal activity than their corresponding hydrocarbons, esters, and cyclic counterparts. Indicating that OH- and O- radicals react with cellular components affecting fungal homeostasis. In this sense, selected monoterpenoids (citral, citronellol, geraniol, carvacrol, and thymol) inhibited conidial germination of C. acutatum in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of conidial germination is associated with a loss of membrane integrity, a decrease of cell metabolism, and a dose-dependent accumulation of ROS, which was non-directly associated with modifications on mitochondrial membrane potential. Membrane dysfunction and ROS accumulation may be responsible for the necrotic behavior induced by high monoterpenoids concentrations, and possible apoptotic response in sub dosages of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Scariot
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Foresti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula L Delamare
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Pedrotti C, Marcon ÂR, Echeverrigaray L, Ribeiro RTDS, Schwambach J. Essential oil as sustainable alternative for diseases management of grapes in postharvest and in vineyard and its influence on wine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 56:73-81. [PMID: 33131418 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1838827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil (EO) and its effect in vivo against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest of grapes and in a vineyard. Moreover, grapes collected from de field experiments were used to evaluate the impact of the alternative control on the alcoholic fermentation and wine composition. The major compounds of E. staigeriana EO were citral (30.91%), 1,8-cineole (24.59%), and limonene (19.47%). In the postharvest experiment, EO was efficient, reducing the incidence and severity of disease caused by B. cinerea and the incidence of disease caused by C. acutatum, both in preventive and curative treatment. Moreover, this EO reduced the incidence and severity of gray rot caused by B. cinerea and the severity of ripe rot caused by C. acutatum in the field. The alternative control did not significantly influence the alcoholic fermentation and volatile composition of wines, except for the residual presence of 1,8-cineole that can contribute to the aroma complexity of 'Isabella' wine. These results are promising and indicate that E. staigeriana EO might be further investigated as a natural alternative to control fungal rots on grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Pedrotti
- Laboratory of Plant Disease Control and Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Rossi Marcon
- Laboratory of Enology and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Laguna Echeverrigaray
- Laboratory of Enology and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Rute Terezinha da Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Plant Disease Control and Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Laboratory of Plant Disease Control and Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Hou H, Zhang X, Zhao T, Zhou L. Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9626. [PMID: 32864206 PMCID: PMC7430266 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Hou
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Te Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Research Center of Green Pesticide Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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