Ma Y, Ding P, Li L, Liu Y, Jin P, Tang J, Yang J. Three-dimensional printing for heart diseases: clinical application review.
Biodes Manuf 2021;
4:675-687. [PMID:
33948306 PMCID:
PMC8085656 DOI:
10.1007/s42242-021-00125-8]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases remain the top threat to human health, and the treatment of heart diseases changes with each passing day. Convincing evidence shows that three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for a more precise understanding of the complex anatomy associated with various heart diseases. In addition, 3D-printed models of cardiac diseases may serve as effective educational tools and for hands-on simulation of surgical interventions. We introduce examples of the clinical applications of different types of 3D printing based on specific cases and clinical application scenarios of 3D printing in treating heart diseases. We also discuss the limitations and clinically unmet needs of 3D printing in this context.
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