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Liu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yan C. Open-tubular Capillary Electrochromatography with Janus Structured Au-Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Coating as Stationary Phase. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:413-418. [PMID: 31656248 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles-based capillary column was fabricated by magnetic approach for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The bifunctional dumbbell-like Janus Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Au-Fe3O4 NPs) were prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis strategy, and the morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Multilayers Au-Fe3O4 NPs were easily coated onto the inner surface of silica capillary by an external magnetic field to generate an Au-Fe3O4 NPs-based column. Compared with a bare capillary, the modified surface exhibited more stable and suppressed electroosmotic mobility. The column showed good separation efficiency for neutral analytes in the OT-CEC separation mode, with theoretical plate numbers of up to 79705 per meter for naphthalene. The successful separation of dihydroxy benzene isomers and proteins demonstrated that the column exhibits a reasonable separation performance. The reproducibility of the Au-Fe3O4 NPs capillary was studied, with relative standard deviations (RSD) for day-to-day and column-to-column less than 1 and 1.75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Jing Li
- Unimicro (Shanghai) Technologies Co., Ltd
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University
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2
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Fang L, Zhao Y, Wang C, Wang C, Han X, Chen P, Zhao L, Wang J, Li S, Jiang Z. Preparation of a thiols β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles-coated open tubular column for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparations. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2209-2216. [PMID: 32160391 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the distinct chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles, here a novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column was prepared by electrostatic assembly of poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) onto the inner surface of a fused-silica capillary, followed by self-adsorption of negatively charged SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles. The formation of the SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary was confirmed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry studies indicated that SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles were successfully coated on the inner wall of the capillary column. The performance of the SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary was validated by the analysis of six pairs of chiral drugs, namely zopiclone, carvedilol, salbutamol, terbutaline sulfate, phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride, and ibuprofen. Satisfactory enantioseparation results were achieved, confirming the use of gold nanoparticles as the support could enhance the phase ratio of the open-tubular capillary column. Additionally, the stability and reproducibility of the SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary column were also investigated. Then, this proposed method was well validated with good linearity (≥0.999), recovery (90.0-93.5%) and repeatability, and was successfully used for enantioseparation of ibuprofen in spiked plasma samples, which indicated the new column's potential usage in biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Pengjun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lizhu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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3
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Newton KA, Ju Z, Tabatabaei K, Kauzlarich SM. Diorganyl Dichalcogenides as Surface Capping Ligands for Germanium Nanocrystals. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Newton
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zheng Ju
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Katayoon Tabatabaei
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Jiang Z, Qu J, Tian X, Huo X, Zhang J, Guo X, Fang L. Sol-gel technique for the preparation of β-cyclodextrin gold nanoparticles as chiral stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1948-1954. [PMID: 30919564 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column coated with β-cyclodextrin was prepared using the sol-gel technique. In the sol-gel approach, owing to the three-dimensional network of sol-gel and the strong chemical bond between the stationary phase and the surface of capillary columns, good chromatographic characteristics and unique selectivity in separating enantiomers were shown. The influences of capillary inner diameter, coating time, organic modifier, buffer pH, and buffer concentration on separation were investigated. The sol-gel-coated β-cyclodextrin column has shown improved enantioseparation efficiency of chlorphenamine, brompheniramine, pheniramine, zopiclone in comparison with the sol-gel matrix capillary column. The migration time relative standard deviation of the separation of the enantiomers was less than 0.89% over five runs and 2.9% from column to column. This work confirmed that gold nanoparticles are promising electrochromatographic support to enhance the phase ratio of open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column in capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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5
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Zhou L, Jiang S, Zhang X, Fang L, Guo X. Preparation of β-cyclodextrin-gold nanoparticles modified open tubular column for capillary electrochromatographic separation of chiral drugs. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:941-947. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Shenmeng Jiang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Linlin Fang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
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6
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. CE and nanomaterials - Part II: Nanomaterials in CE. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2405-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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7
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Fang LL, Wang P, Wen XL, Guo X, Luo LD, Yu J, Guo XJ. Layer-by-layer self-assembly of gold nanoparticles/thiols β-cyclodextrin coating as the stationary phase for enhanced chiral differentiation in open tubular capillary electrochromatography. Talanta 2017; 167:158-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee AWH, Gates BD. Tuning Oleophobicity of Silicon Oxide Surfaces with Mixed Monolayers of Aliphatic and Fluorinated Alcohols. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13030-13039. [PMID: 27951682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of mixed monolayers derived from a microwave-assisted reaction of alcohols with silicon oxide surfaces in order to tune their surface oleophobicity. This simple, rapid method provides an opportunity to precisely tune the constituents of the monolayers. As a demonstration, we sought fluorinated alcohols and aliphatic alcohols as reagents to form monolayers from two distinct constituents for tuning the surface oleophobicity. The first aspect of this study sought to identify a fluorinated alcohol that formed monolayers with a relatively high surface coverage. It was determined that 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-octanol yielded high quality monolayers with a water contact angle (WCA) value of ∼110° and contact angle values of ∼80° with toluene and hexadecane exhibiting both an excellent hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. Tuning of the oleophobicity of the modified silicon oxide surfaces was achieved by controlling the molar ratio of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-octanol within the reaction mixtures. Surface oleophobicity progressively decreased with a decrease in the fluorinated alcohol content while the monolayers maintained their hydrophobicity with WCA values of ∼110°. The simple and reliable approach to preparing monolayers of a tuned composition that is described in this article can be utilized to control the fluorocarbon content of the hydrophobic monolayers on silicon oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin W H Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Byron D Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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9
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Choudhury S, Connolly D, White B. Application of polymeric high-internal-phase-emulsion-coated stationary-phase columns in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidratul Choudhury
- School of Chemical Sciences; Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Damian Connolly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology; Waterford Ireland
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences; Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
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10
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Fang L, Yu J, Jiang Z, Guo X. Preparation of a β-Cyclodextrin-Based Open-Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography Column and Application for Enantioseparations of Ten Basic Drugs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146292. [PMID: 26771454 PMCID: PMC4714747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column was prepared by chemically immobilized β-cyclodextrin modified gold nanoparticles onto new surface with the prederivatization of (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane. The synthesized nanoparticles and the prepared column were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. When the column was employed as the chiral stationary phase, no enantioselectivity was observed for ten model basic drugs. So β-cyclodextrin was added to the background electrolyte as chiral additive to expect a possible synergistic effect occurring and resulting in a better separation. Fortunately, significant improvement in enantioselectivity was obtained for ten pairs of drug enantiomers. Then, the effects of β-cyclodextrin concentration and background electrolyte pH on the chiral separation were investigated. With the developed separation mode, all the enantiomers (except for venlafaxine) were baseline separated in resolutions of 4.49, 1.68, 1.88, 1.57, 2.52, 2.33, 3.24, 1.63 and 3.90 for zopiclone, chlorphenamine maleate, brompheniramine maleate, dioxopromethazine hydrochloride, carvedilol, homatropine hydrobromide, homatropine methylbromide, venlafaxine, sibutramine hydrochloride and terbutaline sulfate, respectively. Further, the possible separation mechanism involved was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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11
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Hu W, Hong T, Gao X, Ji Y. Applications of nanoparticle-modified stationary phases in capillary electrochromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Zhang YX, Hao XD, Diao ZP. Templated self-assembly of Au–TiO2 binary nanoparticles–nanotubes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Liang X, Wang X, Ren H, Jiang S, Wang L, Liu S. Gold nanoparticle decorated graphene oxide/silica composite stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1371-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Haixia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shengxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
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14
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Liu X, Liu X, Liu X, Guo L, Yang L, Wang S. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide as novel stationary phases via electrostatic assembly for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2014; 34:1869-76. [PMID: 23977681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present here the application of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (GOOH) sheet as novel stationary phases for open-tubular CEC (OTCEC) separation based on electrostatic assembly. The inner walls of a bare capillary column was first modified by ionic assembly of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), and then negatively charged GO or GOOH was easily assembled on a positively charged interior walls of the capillary by electrostatic force. Scanning Electron Microscope images showed that GO and GOOH can still maintain sheet-layer-like structure when coated onto the capillary via electrostatic assembly. The chromatographic properties of the GO and GOOH coated columns were evaluated via OTCEC separations of various kinds of analytes, including three acid nitrophenol isomers, three basic nitroaniline isomers, and four neutral PAHs. Efficient separations of all the analytes were achieved with optimized buffer pH and organic additive. The reproducibility and stability of the GO or GOOH coated columns were investigated. Our results indicate the capability of application GO or GOOH sheet in OTCEC separation, which can be coated on the inner wall of fused-silica capillary via electrostatic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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15
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Wang Y, Ouyang J, Baeyens WRG, Delanghe JR. Use of nanomaterials in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 4:287-98. [PMID: 17425463 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of different separation strategies with nanomaterials and their use in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography, as well as in microchip electrophoresis, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and polymer nanoparticles, as well as silica nanoparticles. The paper highlights the new developments and innovative applications of nanoparticles as pseudostationary phases or immobilized on the capillary surface for CE separation. The separation and characterization of target nanoparticles with different sizes by CE are reviewed likewise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wang
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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16
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Cheong WJ, Ali F, Kim YS, Lee JW. Comprehensive overview of recent preparation and application trends of various open tubular capillary columns in separation science. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Ou J, Zhang Z, Lin H, Dong J, Zou H. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes as functional monomer to prepare hybrid monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography and capillary liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 761:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Pena-Pereira F, Duarte RM, Duarte AC. Immobilization strategies and analytical applications for metallic and metal-oxide nanomaterials on surfaces. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Krenkova J, Foret F, Svec F. Less common applications of monoliths: V. Monolithic scaffolds modified with nanostructures for chromatographic separations and tissue engineering. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1266-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry; E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley; California; USA
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20
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Mikšík I, Lacinová K, Zmatlíková Z, Sedláková P, Král V, Sýkora D, Řezanka P, Kašička V. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography with bare gold nanoparticles-based stationary phase applied to separation of trypsin digested native and glycated proteins. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:994-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Lacinová
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Zmatlíková
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Sedláková
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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21
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Mikšík I, Lacinová K, Zmatlíková Z, Sedláková P, Král V, Sýkora D, Řezanka P, Kašička V. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography with bare gold nanoparticles-based stationary phase applied to separation of trypsin digested native and glycated proteins. J Sep Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Lacinová
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavla Sedláková
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
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22
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Zhu Y, Zhou C, Qin S, Ren Z, Zhang L, Fu H, Zhang W. A novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography with magnetic nanoparticle coating as stationary phase. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:340-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Sasa Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Řezanka P, Ehala S, Koktan J, Sýkora D, Žvátora P, Vosmanská M, Král V, Mikšík I, Čeřovský V, Kašička V. Application of bare gold nanoparticles in open-tubular CEC separations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and peptides. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:73-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Li M, Liu X, Jiang F, Guo L, Yang L. Enantioselective open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticles as stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3725-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Nshanian M. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography of small polar molecules using etched, chemically modified capillaries. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1728-34. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Feng J, Sun M, Liu H, Li J, Liu X, Jiang S. Au nanoparticles as a novel coating for solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8079-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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27
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Wu CS, Liu FK, Ko FH. Potential role of gold nanoparticles for improved analytical methods: an introduction to characterizations and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:103-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Cao Q, Xu Y, Liu F, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Polymer Monoliths with Exchangeable Chemistries: Use of Gold Nanoparticles As Intermediate Ligands for Capillary Columns with Varying Surface Functionalities. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7416-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1015613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Frantisek Svec
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jean M. J. Fréchet
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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29
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Yang L, Chen C, Liu X, Shi J, Wang G, Zhu L, Guo L, Glennon JD, Scully NM, Doherty BE. Use of cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticles for enantioseparations of drugs and amino acids based on pseudostationary phase-capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1697-705. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Kim JY, Kim SJ, Jang DJ. Laser-induced shape transformation and electrophoretic analysis of triangular silver nanoplates. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:4161-6. [PMID: 20066680 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The shape transformation of silver triangular nanoplates induced by nanosecond laser pulses has been monitored using agarose gel electrophoresis as well as optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Laser irradiation truncates the vertices of the triangular nanoplates, having an average edge size of 110 nm and an average thickness of 14 nm, to form nearly regular-hexagonal and spherical silver nanoplates gradually. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering of 4-nitrobenzenethiol absorbed on silver nanoparticles has been found to decrease enormously with laser irradiation, showing its strong dependence on the shape transformation of nanostructures. Electrophoretic mobility values have been found to decrease substantially with the increase of irradiation time, indicating that the surface charge density of silver nanoplates has been modified largely by laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yeob Kim
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Sýkora D, Kašička V, Mikšík I, Řezanka P, Záruba K, Matějka P, Král V. Application of gold nanoparticles in separation sciences. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:372-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Bachmann S, Vallant R, Bakry R, Huck CW, Corradini D, Bonn GK. CE coupled to MALDI with novel covalently coated capillaries. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:618-29. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Lee JW, Lee HB, Kim K, Shin KS. Novel fabrication of silver-coated glass capillaries for ready SERS-based detection of dissolved chemical species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 397:557-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Liu FK. Analysis and applications of nanoparticles in the separation sciences: A case of gold nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:9034-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Svec F. CEC: selected developments that caught my eye since the year 2000. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S68-82. [PMID: 19517503 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, a number of new developments have emerged in the field of CEC. This paper focuses only on monolithic columns prepared from synthetic polymers. Monolithic columns have become a well-established format of stationary phases for CEC immediately after their inception in the mid-1990s. They are readily prepared in situ from liquid precursors. Also, the control over both porous properties and surface chemistries is easy to achieve. These advantages make the monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particulate materials. Since the number of papers concerned with just this single topic of polymer-based monolithic CEC columns is large, this overview describes only those approaches this author found interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720-8197, USA.
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36
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Zhang Z, Yan B, Liu K, Liao Y, Liu H. CE-MS analysis of heroin and its basic impurities using a charged polymer-protected gold nanoparticle-coated capillary. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:379-87. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Dong X, Wu R, Dong J, Wu M, Zhu Y, Zou H. A mesoporous silica nanoparticles immobilized open‐tubular capillary column with a coating of cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenyl‐carbamate) for enantioseparation in CEC. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3933-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ren'an Wu
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Minghuo Wu
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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38
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Zhang Z, Yan B, Liao Y, Liu H. Nanoparticle: is it promising in capillary electrophoresis? Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:925-7. [PMID: 18317740 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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39
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Huang YF, Chiang CK, Lin YW, Liu K, Hu CC, Bair MJ, Chang HT. Capillary electrophoretic separation of biologically active amines and acids using nanoparticle-coated capillaries. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1942-51. [PMID: 18383029 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes dynamic coating of capillaries with poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and use of the as-prepared capillaries for the separation of biogenic amines and acids by CE in conjunction with LIF detection. The directions of EOF are controlled by varying the outmost layer of the capillaries with PLL and SiO2 NPs, respectively. Over the pH range 3.0-5.0, the (PLL-SiO2NP)n-PLL capillaries have an EOF toward the anodic end and are more suitable for the separation of acids with respect to speed, while the (PLL-SiO2NP)n capillaries have an EOF toward the cathodic end and are more suitable for the separation of biogenic amines regarding speed and sensitivity. The separations of standard solutions containing five amines and two acids by CE with LIF detection using (PLL-SiO2NP)2-PLL and (PLL-SiO2NP)3 capillaries were accomplished within 10 and 7 min, providing plate numbers of 3.8 and 5.0x10(4) plates/m for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), respectively. The LODs for 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) are 32 and 2 nM and 0.2 and 1.5 nM when using the (PLL-SiO2NP)2-PLL and (PLL-SiO2NP)3 capillaries, respectively. Identification and quantification of 5-HIAA, homovanillic acid, and DL-vanillomandelic acid in urine samples from a male before and after drinking green tea were tested to validate practicality of the present approach. The results show that the (PLL-SiO2NP)2-PLL capillary provides greater resolving power, while the (PLL-SiO2NP)3 capillary provides better sensitivity, higher efficiency, and longer durability for the separation of the amines and acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Qu QS, Shen F, Shen M, Hu XY, Yang GJ, Wang CY, Yan C, Zhang YK. Open-tubular gas chromatography using capillary coated with octadecylamine-capped gold nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Qu Q, Zhang X, Shen M, Liu Y, Hu X, Yang G, Wang C, Zhang Y, Yan C. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using a capillary coated with octadecylamine-capped gold nanoparticles. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:901-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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NUKATSUKA I, OSANAI S, OHZEKI K. Preparation of Open Tubular Solid-Phase Extraction Column with 5-Amino-8-hydroxyquinoline-modified Gold Nanoparticle Phase for the Enrichment of Heavy Metal Ions. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:267-71. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isoshi NUKATSUKA
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Shigeaki OSANAI
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Kunio OHZEKI
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
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43
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Nilsson C, Birnbaum S, Nilsson S. Use of nanoparticles in capillary and microchip electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1168:212-24; discussion 211. [PMID: 17719051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Applications of nanoparticles are of rising interest in separation science, due to their favorable surface-to-volume ratio as well as their applicability in miniaturization. A stationary phase with large surface area in combination with an electroosmotic flow-driven system has great potential in a highly efficient separation system. This review covers the use of various nanoparticles as stationary or pseudostationary phase in capillary and microchip electrochromatography. The use of nanoparticles in pseudostationary phase capillary electrochromatography and open-tubular capillary electrochromatography are thoroughly discussed. The stationary and pseudostationary phases that are described include polymer nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nilsson
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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44
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Eeltink S, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Open-tubular capillary columns with a porous layer of monolithic polymer for highly efficient and fast separations in electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4249-56. [PMID: 17024717 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Open-tubular columns for CEC separations having inner-wall coated with a thin layer of porous monolithic polymer have been studied. A two-step process including (i) UV-initiated polymerization leading to a layer of porous poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), and (ii) UV-initiated grafting of ionizable monomers appear to be well suited for the preparation of these columns. The thickness of the porous polymer layer is controlled by the percentage of monomers in the polymerization mixture and/or length of the irradiation time. The layer thickness significantly affects retention, efficiency, and resolution in open-tubular CEC. Under optimized conditions, column efficiencies up to 400,000 plates/m can be achieved. Use of higher temperature and application of pressure enables a significant acceleration of the open-tubular CEC separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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45
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Applegarth L, Clark N, Richardson AC, Parker ADM, Radosavljevic-Evans I, Goeta AE, Howard JAK, Steed JW. Modular nanometer-scale structuring of gel fibres by sequential self-organization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:5423-5. [PMID: 16261234 DOI: 10.1039/b511259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes of a series of simple bis(urea) ligands form soft metallogels. X-ray crystallographic results suggests that the gels' structure is based on hydrogen bonding to counter anions and thus suggests a route to tunable gel rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Applegarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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