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Villarreal-Lucio DS, Vargas-Berrones KX, Díaz de León-Martínez L, Flores-Ramíez R. Molecularly imprinted polymers for environmental adsorption applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89923-89942. [PMID: 36370309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials with pores or cavities to specifically retain a molecule of interest or analyte. Their synthesis consists of the generation of three-dimensional polymers with specific shapes, arrangements, orientations, and bonds to selectively retain a particular molecule called target. After target removal from the binding sites, it leaves empty cavities to be re-occupied by the analyte or a highly related compound. MIPs have been used in areas that require high selectivity (e.g., chromatographic methods, sensors, and contaminant removal). However, the most widely used application is their use as a highly selective extraction material because of its low cost, easy preparation, reversible adsorption and desorption, and thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Emerging pollutants are traces of substances recently found in wastewater, river waters, and drinking water samples that represent a special concern for human and ecological health. The low concentration in which these pollutants is found in the environment, and the complexity of their chemical structures makes the current wastewater treatment not efficient for complete degradation. Moreover, these substances are not yet regulated or controlled for their discharge into the environment. According to the literature, MIPs, as a highly selective adsorbent material, are a promising approach for the quantification and monitoring of emerging pollutants in complex matrices. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to give an overview of the actual state-of-art of applications of MIPs in the recovery and concentration of emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Samantha Villarreal-Lucio
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Karla Ximena Vargas-Berrones
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava No. 6, C.P. 78260, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramíez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente Y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México.
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Optimising factors affecting solid phase extraction performances of molecular imprinted polymer as recent sample preparation technique. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05934. [PMID: 33553728 PMCID: PMC7848654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction is the technique that uses molecular imprinted polymer as the sorbent in solid phase extraction. Molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction is effective and efficient for the extraction process and cleaning as compared with solid phase extraction (SPE) without molecular imprinted polymer. The complexity of variables in molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction arise as problems in the analysis, therefore it is necessary to optimize the extraction conditions of molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction. To achieve the sorption equilibrium and achieve the shortest time, certain parameters such as contact time, ion strength of sample, pH of sample, amount of sorbent, sample flow rate, addition of salt and buffer solution, washing solvent, elution solvent, and loading solvent need to be optimized. The selection of suitable properties and quantities of each factor greatly affect the formation of appropriate interactions between the sorbent and analytes. Percentage recovery is also influenced by formation of the appropriate bonds, sample flow rates, extraction time, salt addition, and sorbent mass. Therefore, in the future, molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction optimization has to consider and adjust various factors reviewed in this paper to form appropriate interactions between the absorbent and target molecules which have an impact on the optimal results.
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Madikizela LM, Chimuka L. Occurrence of naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac residues in wastewater and river water of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:348. [PMID: 28639109 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reports a detailed study that is based on the monitoring of naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac in Mbokodweni River and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located around the city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Target compounds were extracted from water samples using a multi-template molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction prior to separation and quantification on a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photo diode array detector. The analytical method yielded the detection limits of 0.15, 1.00, and 0.63 μg/L for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac, respectively. Solid-phase extraction method was evaluated for its performance using deionized water samples that were spiked with 5 and 50 μg/L of target compounds. Recoveries were greater than 80% for all target compounds with RSD values in the range of 4.1 to 10%. Target compounds were detected in most wastewater and river water samples with ibuprofen being the most frequently detected pharmaceutical. Maximum concentrations detected in river water for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac were 6.84, 19.2, and 9.69 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of target compounds found in effluent and river water samples compared well with some studies. The analytical method employed in this work is fast, selective, sensitive, and affordable; therefore, it can be used routinely to evaluate the occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals in South African water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag x3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag x3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Martinez-Sena T, Armenta S, Guardia MDL, Esteve-Turrillas FA. Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water and urine using selective molecular imprinted polymer extraction and liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hussain A, Al-Ajmi MF, Amir S, Ali I. Development and validation of SPMMTE HPLC method for analysis of profens from human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1263-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Al-Ajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 2457 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira Amir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and General Studies; Alfaisal University; PO Box 50927 Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia; New Delhi 110025 India
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Ali I, Kulsum U, AL-Othman ZA, Saleem K. Analyses of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Human Plasma Using Dispersive Nano Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-3020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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A molecularly imprinted polymer as the sorptive phase immobilized in a rotating disk extraction device for the determination of diclofenac and mefenamic acid in wastewater. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Seifi M, Hassanpour Moghadam M, Hadizadeh F, Ali-Asgari S, Aboli J, Mohajeri SA. Preparation and study of tramadol imprinted micro-and nanoparticles by precipitation polymerization: microwave irradiation and conventional heating method. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:37-44. [PMID: 24792981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present work a series of tramadole imprinted micro- and nanoparticles were prepared and study their recognition properties. Methacrylic acid (MAA), as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker and different solvents (chloroform, toluene and acetonitrile (ACN)) were used for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and non-imprinted polymers (NIPs). Several factors such as template/monomer molar ratio, volume of polymerization solvent, total monomers/solvent volume ratio, polymerization condition (heating or microwave irradiation) were also investigated. Particle size of the polymers, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), rebinding, selectivity tests and release study were applied for evaluation of the polymers. The optimized polymers with smaller particle size and superior binding properties were obtained in acetonitrile under heating method. MIPA4 with a size of 42.6 nm and a binding factor (BF) of 6.79 was selected for selectivity and release tests. The polymerization was not successful in acetonitrile and toluene under microwave irradiation. The MIPA4 could selectively adsorb tramadol, compared to imipramine, naltrexone and gabapentin. The data showed that tramadol release from MIPA4 was significantly slower than that of its non-imprinted polymer. Therefore, MIP nanoparticles with high selectivity, binding capacity and ability to control tramadol release could be obtained in precipitation polymerization with optimized condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Seifi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Maryam Hassanpour Moghadam
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safa Ali-Asgari
- Department of Chemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Jafar Aboli
- Department of Chemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ameli A, Kalhor H, Alizadeh N. Simultaneous analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction based on nanostructure molecularly imprinted polypyrrole film coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ameli
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamideh Kalhor
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Naader Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Fernández P, Fernández AM, Bermejo AM, Lorenzo RA, Carro AM. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from human plasma and urine using response surface experimental designs†. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1446-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Fernández
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology Service; Faculty of Medicine; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | | | - Ana M. Bermejo
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology Service; Faculty of Medicine; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Rosa A. Lorenzo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Antonia M. Carro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
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Li M, Li R, Tan J, Jiang ZT. Titania-based molecularly imprinted polymer for sulfonic acid dyes prepared by sol-gel method. Talanta 2013; 107:203-10. [PMID: 23598213 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel titania-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized through sol-gel process with sunset yellow (Sun) as template, without use of functional monomer. MIP was used as a solid-phase extraction material for the isolation and enrichment of sulfonic acid dyes in beverages. The results showed that MIP exhibited better selectivity, higher recovery and adsorption capacity for the sulfonic acid dyes compared to the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). MIP presented highest extraction selectivity to Sun when pH less than or equal to 3. The adsorption capacity was 485.9 mg g(-1), which was larger than that of NIP (384.7 mg g(-1)). The better clean-up ability demonstrated the capability of MIP for the isolation and enrichment of sulfonic acid dyes in complicated food samples. The mean recoveries for the sulfonic acid dyes on MIP were from 81.9% to 97.2% in spiked soft drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
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Manesiotis P, Osmani Q, McLoughlin P. An enantio-selective chromatographic stationary phase for S-ibuprofen prepared by stoichiometric molecular imprinting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hoshina K, Horiyama S, Matsunaga H, Haginaka J. Simultaneous determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in river water samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using molecularly imprinted polymers as a pretreatment column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:916-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qian K, Fang G, He J, Pan M, Wang S. Preparation and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the determination of trace metolcarb in food matrices by high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2079-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Augusto F, Carasek E, Silva RGC, Rivellino SR, Batista AD, Martendal E. New sorbents for extraction and microextraction techniques. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2533-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang G, Cao Q, Zhu X, Yang X, Yang M, Ding Z. Molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction of huperzine A fromHuperzia Serrata. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Celiz MD, Aga DS, Colón LA. Evaluation of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the isolation/enrichment of β-estradiol. Microchem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Haginaka J. Molecularly imprinted polymers as affinity-based separation media for sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1548-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wong CS, MacLeod SL. JEM spotlight: recent advances in analysis of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:923-36. [PMID: 19436850 DOI: 10.1039/b819464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both ecosystem and human health rely on clean, abundant supplies of water, thus many classes of potential pollutants are regulated. In recent years, the possible risks associated with largely uncontrolled inputs of pharmaceuticals to rivers, lakes, groundwater, and coastal waters, mainly via wastewater, have been a focus of much research. During this time, our capacity to sequester, identify, and quantify pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices has improved. Devices have emerged to allow passive uptake of drugs to augment or replace laborious grab sampling. Advances in sample preparation have streamlined extraction procedures and removed interfering matrix components. New instrumental techniques have allowed faster, more accurate and sensitive detection of drugs in water samples. This review highlights all of these advances, from sample collection to instrumental analysis, which will continue to help us better understand the fate and effects of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Wong
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada.
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Zorita S, Boyd B, Jönsson S, Yilmaz E, Svensson C, Mathiasson L, Bergström S. Selective determination of acidic pharmaceuticals in wastewater using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 626:147-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pichon V, Chapuis-Hugon F. Role of molecularly imprinted polymers for selective determination of environmental pollutants—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 622:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sun Z, Schüssler W, Sengl M, Niessner R, Knopp D. Selective trace analysis of diclofenac in surface and wastewater samples using solid-phase extraction with a new molecularly imprinted polymer. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 620:73-81. [PMID: 18558126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for trace analysis of diclofenac in environmental water samples was prepared by a non-covalent protocol in which diclofenac was used as a template molecule. Diclofenac is a member of the class of drugs termed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which belong to the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in the water-cycle in Europe. The MIP was synthesized using 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively, and bulk thermal polymerization method. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to study the interaction between diclofenac and 2-VP mixed in toluene-d(8) in pre-polymerization complex. Two non-covalent bonds were formed i.e. ionic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The binding characteristics of the MIP and diclofenac were evaluated using equilibrium binding experiments. Scatchard plot analysis revealed that two classes of binding sites were formed with dissociation constants of 55.6 micromol L(-1) and 1.43 mmol L(-1), respectively. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the polymers have been evaluated to achieve the selective preconcentration of diclofenac from aqueous samples and to reduce non-specific interactions. This resulted in an MISPE-LC/DAD method allowing the direct extraction of the analyte from sample matrix with a selective wash using dichloromethane/acetonitrile (94:6, v/v) followed by elution with dichloromethane/methanol (85:15, v/v). The recovery of a 100 ng diclofenac standard spiked into 200 mL of blank surface water was 96%, with good precision (RSD=3.3%, n=3). The MISPE was demonstrated to be applicable to the analysis of diclofenac in raw influent and final effluent wastewater samples from sewage treatment plant and revealed diclofenac concentrations of 1.31+/-0.055 microg L(-1) (n=3) and 1.60+/-0.049 microg L(-1) (n=3), respectively. Yielded results were in good agreement with the corresponding LC/TIS/MS/MS data obtained by an independent laboratory which were 1.40 and 1.50 microg L(-1) for influent and effluent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sun
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 München, Germany
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Wang S, Xu Z, Fang G, Zhang Y, He J. Separation and determination of estrone in environmental and drinking water using molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1181-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Danielsson B. Artificial receptors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 109:97-122. [PMID: 17985098 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein I will provide a brief overview of artificial receptors with emphasis on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and their applications. Alternative techniques to produce artificial receptors such as in silico designed and modelled polymers as well as different receptors designed using libraries of more or less natural composition will also be mentioned. Examples of these include aptamers and bio-nanocomposites. The physical presentation of the receptors is important and may depend on the application. Block polymerization of MIPs and grinding to particles of suitable size used to be the preferred technique, but today beaded materials can be produced in sizes down to nanobeads and also nanofibers can be used to increase available surface area and thereby capacity. For sensor applications it may be attractive to include the artificial receptors in surface coatings or in membrane structures. Different composite designs can be used to provide additional desirable properties. MIPs and other artificial receptors are gaining rapidly increasing attention in very shifting application areas and an attempt to provide a systematic account for current applications has been made with examples from separation, solid-phase extraction, analysis, carbohydrate specific experiments, and MIPs-directed synthesis.
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Chen Y, Guo Z, Wang X, Qiu C. Sample preparation. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:191-219. [PMID: 17991475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A panorama of sample preparation methods has been composed from 481 references, with a highlight of some promising methods fast developed during recent years and a somewhat brief introduction on most of the well-developed methods. All the samples were commonly referred to molecular composition, being extendable to particles including cells but not to organs, tissues and larger bodies. Some criteria to evaluate or validate a sample preparation method were proposed for reference. Strategy for integration of several methods to prepare complicated protein samples for proteomic studies was illustrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
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Beltran A, Caro E, Marcé RM, Cormack PAG, Sherrington DC, Borrull F. Synthesis and application of a carbamazepine-imprinted polymer for solid-phase extraction from urine and wastewater. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 597:6-11. [PMID: 17658306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) designed to enable the selective extraction of carbamazepine (CBZ) from effluent wastewater and urine samples has been synthesised using a non-covalent molecular imprinting approach. The MIP was evaluated chromatographically in the first instance and its affinity for CBZ also confirmed by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The optimal conditions for SPE consisted of conditioning of the cartridge using acidified water purified from a Milli-Q system, loading of the sample under basic aqueous conditions, clean-up using acetonitrile and elution with methanol. The attractive molecular recognition properties of the MIP gave rise to good CBZ recoveries (80%) when 100 mL of effluent water spiked with 1 microg L(-1) was percolated through the polymer. For urine samples, 2 mL samples spiked with 2.5 microg L(-1) CBZ were extracted with a recovery of 65%. For urine, the linear range was 0.05-24 mg L(-1), the limit of detection was 25 microg L(-1) and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation at 0.5 mg L(-1) (n=3), was 3.1% and 12.6% for repeatability and reproducibility between days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beltran
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Jiang X, Jiang N, Zhang H, Liu M. Small organic molecular imprinted materials: their preparation and application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:355-68. [PMID: 17546446 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a technique for preparing polymeric materials that are capable of recognizing and binding the desired molecular target with a high affinity and selectivity. The materials can be applied to a wide range of target molecules, even those for which no natural binder exists or whose antibodies are difficult to raise. The imprinting of small organic molecules (e.g., pharmaceuticals, pesticides, amino acids, steroids, and sugars) is now almost routine. In this review, we pay special attention to the synthesis and application of molecular imprinted polymer (MIPs) imprinted with small organic molecules, including herbicides, pesticides, and drugs. The advantages, applications, and recent developments in small organic molecular imprinted technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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29
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Pichon V. Selective sample treatment using molecularly imprinted polymers. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:41-53. [PMID: 17412351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers possessing specific cavities designed for a target molecule. By a mechanism of molecular recognition, the MIPs are used as selective sorbents for the solid-phase extraction of target analytes from complex matrices. MIPs are often called synthetic antibodies in comparison with immuno-based sorbents; they offer some advantages including easy, cheap and rapid preparation and high thermal and chemical stability. This review describes the use of MIPs in solid-phase extraction with emphasis on their synthesis, the various parameters affecting the selectivity of the extraction, their potential to selectively extract analytes from complex aqueous samples or organic extracts, their on-line coupling with LC and their potential in miniaturized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pichon
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique (UMR CNRS 7121), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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He C, Long Y, Pan J, Li K, Liu F. Application of molecularly imprinted polymers to solid-phase extraction of analytes from real samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:133-50. [PMID: 17107715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A review is presented of recent developments in the use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as selective materials for solid-phase extraction. Compared with traditional sorbents, MIPs can not only concentrate but also selectively separate the target analytes from real samples, which is crucial for the quantitatively determination of analytes in complex samples. Consequently, as one of the most effective sorbents, MIPs have been successfully applied to the pretreatment of analytes in foods, drugs, and biological and environmental samples in the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyang He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Farrington K, Regan F. Investigation of the nature of MIP recognition: The development and characterisation of a MIP for Ibuprofen. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1138-46. [PMID: 17011773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the rational design, generation and testing of a molecularly imprinted polymer specific for Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a member of the class of drugs termed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). In the present study, Ibuprofen was used as a template molecule for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers. A MIP has been produced which is capable of recognising Ibuprofen in aqueous media. Furthermore, Ibuprofen can be selectively extracted from aqueous conditions by molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE). Recoveries were typically high (>80%) and good selectivity for Ibuprofen over structurally related analogues was seen. Moreover, the nature of the recognition between MIP and template has been investigated by NMR and molecular modelling to analyse whether or not it is possible to predict how well a given MIP will perform under set conditions. In addition, the physical characteristics of the MIP have been investigated including the particle size distribution on exposure of the MIP to different solvents. This has been related to the ability of the MIP to rebind Ibuprofen under the same conditions. The data from the characterisation of the MIP has been used to further enhance the understanding of the nature of MIP recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Farrington
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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