Enantioselective determination of (R )- and (S )-lansoprazole in human plasma by chiral liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and its application to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study

Validated chromatographic approach for determination of two ternary mixtures in newly approved formulations for helicobacter pylori eradication: assessment of greenness profile and content uniformity

A new, sensitive, and rapid isocratic reversed phase chromatographic method (RP-HPLC-UV) was developed for simultaneous separation of two newly co-formulated antiulcer mixtures; Amoxicillin, Vonoprazan and Clarithromycin [Mixture (I)], and Amoxicillin, Lansoprazole and Clarithromycin [Mixture (II)]. Analytical separation was performed using a Promosil C18 column and ultraviolet detection at 210 nm. The separation was achieved within only 8 min. For both mixtures, an aqueous solution, composed of (Acetonitrile: Methanol: 0. 2 M phosphoric acid) within ratio of (30: 30: 40) adjusted to final pH 3.0, was the mobile phase. This method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The linearity ranges of these proposed method of the (Mixture (I)) were 25.0-400.0 µg/mL Amoxicillin, 0.5-8.0 µg/mL Vonoprazan, and 12.5-200.0 µg/mL Clarithromycin. And the linearity ranges of the (Mixture (II)) were 10.0-300.0 µg/mL Amoxicillin, 0.3-9.0 µg/mL Lansoprazole and 5.0-150.0 µg/mL Clarithromycin. This method was firstly applied for effective separation of Amoxicillin, Vonoprazan and Clarithromycin [Mixture (I)]. It fulfilled good repeatability, sensitivity, and accuracy (R.S.D. < 2.0%). The mean recoveries of the analytes in their Tri-Pak formulations were acceptable. The greenness of the developed chromatographic methods was assessed using an Eco-scale method and it was applied for content uniformity testing as per the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and the acceptance value of Amoxicillin, in Mixture (I) was 2.88, the acceptance values for Amoxicillin, Lansoprazole in Mixture (II) were 2.592, 2.424, respectively.

Chiral separation in the class of proton pump inhibitors by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: An overview

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are benzimidazole-derivative chiral sulfoxides, frequently used in the treatment of gastric hyperacidity-related disorders. Due to their stereoselective metabolism, the eutomeric forms of PPIs can present a more advantageous pharmacokinetic profile by comparison with the distomers or racemates. Moreover, two representatives of the class are used in therapy both as racemates and as pure enantiomers (esomeprazole, dexlansoprazole). A relatively large number of enantioseparation methods employed for the stereoselective determination of PPIs from pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental matrices were published in the past three decades. The purpose of the current overview is to provide a systematic survey of the available chiral separation methods published since the introduction of PPIs in the therapy up to the present. Analytical and bioanalytical methods using different chromatographic and electromigration techniques reported for the enantioseparation of omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, ilaprazole, and tenatoprazole are included. The analytical conditions of the presented methods are summarized in three comprehensive tables, while a critical discussion of the applied techniques, possible mechanism of enantiorecognition, and future perspectives on the topic are also presented.

Direct distinction of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen enantiomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry of their ternary complexes with metal cations and cyclodextrins in the gas phase

Enantiomeric drugs are widely used and play important roles in pharmaceuticals. Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry technology provides a unique method for distinguishing the enantiomeric drugs, enantiomeric identification, and quantitation in the gas phase. In this study, enantiomeric molecules of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen were clearly recognized by forming host-guest complex ions using trapped ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ternary complex ions can be produced easily by electrospray ionization of the mixed solutions of ibuprofen, cyclodextrins, and CaCl₂ , LiCl, or NaCl, as well as flurbiprofen, cyclodextrins, and CaCl₂ . The relative contents of different chiral ibuprofens in a mixed solution were also quantitatively measured. This new method is a simple, effective, and a convenient enantioselective analysis method.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Dexlansoprazole Infusion Injection Compared with Lansoprazole in Healthy Chinese Adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

This study was performed in healthy Chinese subjects to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of a novel injection formulation of dexlansoprazole in the context of single and multiple administration, compared with the original lansoprazole injection.

METHODS

Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy volunteers were recruited, and 70 participants were enrolled into five dosing groups (seven males and seven females in each group), including 15 mg once daily (qd), 15 mg every 12 h (q12h), 30 mg qd and 30 mg q12h of dexlansoprazole treatment for 5 days, as well as 30 mg q12h of lansoprazole treatment for 5 days. Blood samples were collected at scheduled time spots postdose on day 1 (first dose) and day 5 (last dose). Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH was continuously monitored on day 0 (baseline) and days 1 and 5. Dexlansoprazole and S-lansoprazole in human plasma were determined by validated chiral liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by a non-compartmental method using Phoenix WinNonlin software. Safety assessment included changes in vital signs and laboratory tests, physical examination findings, and incidence or reports of adverse events.

RESULTS

The half-life (t_½) and clearance (CL) of dexlansoprazole were 1.76-2.06 h and 4.52-5.40 L/h, respectively, while the t_½ and CL of S-lansoprazole were 0.87-1.02 h and 34.66-35.98 L/h, respectively. No drug accumulation after repeated administration was noted. Administration of lansoprazole 30 mg resulted in higher area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration (AUC_t) of dexlansoprazole than that of dexlansoprazole 15 mg (p = 0.026). Zero to 24 h after q12h multiple dosing, median and mean intragastric pH, percentage of time with the intragastric pH above 4.0 [TpH ≥ 4.0(%)] and percentage of time with the intragastric pH above 6.0 [TpH ≥ 6.0(%)] in the dexlansoprazole 15 mg q12h group were 6.07 ± 0.61, 5.70 ± 0.76, 83.58 ± 12.34, and 53.70 ± 17.06, respectively, which was similar to the lansoprazole 30 mg q12h group, i.e. 6.15 ± 0.62, 5.88 ± 0.67, 87.26 ± 12.08 and 57.00 ± 16.35, respectively. A weak positive correlation between dexlansoprazole AUC_t and baseline-adjusted TpH ≥ 4.0(%) over 0-24 h was observed, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.437 (p = 0.029), while no correlation was observed between AUC_t and baseline-adjusted TpH ≥ 6.0(%) over 0-24 h.

CONCLUSION

Every 12 h intravenous dosing of dexlansoprazole up to 30 mg for 5 days was safe and well-tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. Every 12 h dosing of dexlansoprazole 15 mg has a comparable effect of gastric acid inhibition as lansoprazole 30 mg q12h.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03120273.

Lansoprazole Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Flow Injection Coupled with Acidic KMnO4-Quinine Chemiluminescence System

A simple and rapid flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method based on the reaction of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and quinine was established for the determination of lansoprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. A linear calibration curve was achieved over the range from 0.01 to 20.0 mg L^-1 LNP (R² = 0.9997 (n = 8); RSD = 1.1 - 3.7% (n = 4)) with a limit of detection of 3.0 × 10^-3 mg L^-1 (S/N = 3) and injection throughput of 150 h^-1. By applying the Student t-test (calculated t-test value: t = 1.059907664, and tabulated t-distributed (95%) = 2.200985) it was found that the proposed method and reported spectrophotometric method were not significantly different. The LNP was efficiently extracted and the recovery of LNP from the spiked pharmaceutical formulations was in the range of 91.0 - 105.9% (%RSD = 1.6 - 3.6, n = 4). No significant interference activity was detected from the excipients commonly found in the drug samples analyzed. The possible chemiluminescence emission mechanism is discussed briefly.

Carbon dot-decorated porous organic cage as fluorescent sensor for rapid discrimination of nitrophenol isomers and chiral alcohols

Isomers discrimination plays a vital role in modern chemistry, and development of efficient and rapid method to achieve this aim has attracted a great deal of interest. In this work, a novel carbon dot-decorated chiral porous organic cage hybrid nanocomposite (CD@RCC3) was prepared and used to fabricate fluorescent sensor. The resultant CD@RCC3 was characterized by using a range of techniques, finding that CD@RCC3 possesses strong and stable fluorescent property in common organic solvents, especially it exhibits chiral property. The potential application of CD@RCC3 in fluorescence sensing was demonstrated by isomers discrimination. The designed sensor was successfully used to rapid discriminate nitrophenol isomers. Meanwhile, it exhibited differentiation ability towards phenylalaninol and phenylethanol enantiomers. Our work enriches the type of synthetic materials for fluorescence sensing, and provides a simple method for distinguishing structural isomers and chiral isomers.

Impact of Gastric H+/K+-ATPase rs2733743 on the Intragastric pH-Values of Dexlansoprazole Injection in Chinese Subjects

Background: Not all patients with acid-related disorders receiving proton pump inhibitor (PP) treatment get adequate gastric pH control. The genetic variation of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters are known to cause failures of therapies. We have conducted a study to evaluate the influence of gastric H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, CYP2C19, and ABCB1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of dexlansoprazole injection in healthy Chinese subjects.

Methods: A total of 51 subjects were enrolled for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study after a single intravenous administration of 20 or 30 mg dexlansoprazole. Plasma concentrations were determined using a chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The intragastric pH and baseline-adjusted intragastric pH parameters were introduced to evaluate the pharmacodynamic characters. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction.

Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly influenced by CYP2C19 phenotypes, and gastric acid secretion inhibition were affected by both gastric H⁺/K⁺-ATPase and CYP2C19 polymorphisms. Gastric H⁺/K⁺-ATPase genotypes had greater effects than CYP2C19 genotypes on the suppression of gastric acid secretion.

Conclusion: Gastric H⁺/K⁺-ATPase polymorphism may be one of the main reasons that cause insufficient gastric acid inhibition.