1
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Feng J, Zhong Q, Zhou T. Online Pressure Change Focusing-Supercritical Fluid Selective Extraction Chromatography for Analyzing Chiral Drugs in Microliter-Scale Plasma Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16222-16230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Feng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Qisheng Zhong
- Guangzhou Analytical Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou510010, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
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2
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Green Extraction Processes for Complex Samples from Vegetable Matrices Coupled with On-Line Detection System: A Critical Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196272. [PMID: 36234823 PMCID: PMC9571248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of analytes in complex organic matrices requires a series of analytical steps to obtain a reliable analysis. Sample preparation can be the most time-consuming, prolonged, and error-prone step, reducing the reliability of the investigation. This review aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of extracting bioactive compounds, sample preparation techniques, automation, and coupling with on-line detection. This review also evaluates all publications on this topic through a longitudinal bibliometric analysis, applying statistical and mathematical methods to analyze the trends, perspectives, and hot topics of this research area. Furthermore, state-of-the-art green extraction techniques for complex samples from vegetable matrices coupled with analysis systems are presented. Among the extraction techniques for liquid samples, solid-phase extraction was the most common for combined systems in the scientific literature. In contrast, for on-line extraction systems applied for solid samples, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction were the most frequent green extraction techniques.
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3
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Advanced Development of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Herbal Medicine Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134159. [PMID: 35807405 PMCID: PMC9268462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge in the analysis of herbal components lies in their variety and complexity. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multi-components are essential. In recent years, various emerging analytical techniques have offered significant support for complicated component analysis, with breakthroughs in selectivity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis. Among these techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted much attention because of its high column efficiency and environmental protection. SFC can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including non-polar and polar compounds, making it a prominent analytical platform. The applicability of SFC for the separation and determination of natural products in herbal medicines is overviewed in this article. The range of applications was expanded through the selection and optimization of stationary phases and mobile phases. We also focus on the two-dimensional SFC analysis. This paper provides new insight into SFC method development for herbal medicine analysis.
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4
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Analytical evaluation of carotenoids, apocarotenoids, capsaicinoids, and phenolics to assess the effect of a protective treatment on chili peppers dried at different temperatures. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe most common preservation process for chili peppers is drying, which inevitably causes oxidative degradation of thermolabile molecules. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential protective effect exerted by an active ingredient based on grape seed oil, on pepper fruits. Grapeseed oil is rich in antioxidant compounds and was applied to pepper’s surface in form of a sol–gel product, before fruit thermal treatment. In this work, chili peppers samples were preventively treated with an active solution, and controls (untreated peppers), were submitted to a drying process performed at two different temperatures: 45 and 65 °C. Analysis of capsaicinoids, carotenoids, apocarotenoids, and phenolic content was performed to evaluate possible differences between the sets of samples. Oxidative stability of oil enriched with chili pepper powder aliquots was also measured to evaluate the antioxidant power of the samples. Obtained data showed that treated samples retained a higher amount of capsaicinoids and carotenoids. Oxidative stability of pepper powder was also higher for treated samples than for controls. Furthermore, the thermal treatment performed at 45 °C caused milder modifications than the 65 °C treatment. The applied pre-drying treatment can be proposed to prevent bioactive compounds loss and to enhance product stability and shelf-life.
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5
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A one-step sample pretreatment and loading method for complex sample separation with supercritical fluid chromatography. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Maciel EVS, Lanças FM. A cartridge-based device for automated analyses of solid matrices by online sample prep-capillary LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2725-2737. [PMID: 35106613 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is an essential step focused on eliminating interfering compounds while pre-concentrating the analytes. However, its multiple steps are laborious, time-consuming, and a source of errors. Currently, automated approaches represent a promising alternative to overcome these drawbacks. Similarly, miniaturisation has been considered an ideal strategy for creating greener analytical workflows. The combination of these concepts is currently highly desired by analytical chemists. However, most automated and miniaturised sample preparation techniques are primarily concerned with liquid samples, while solids are frequently overlooked. We present an approach based on a cartridge packed with solids (soil samples) coupled with a capillary LC-MS, combining sample preparation and analytical steps into a unique platform. As a proof-of-concept, nine pesticides used in sugarcane crops were extracted and analysed by our proposed method. For optimisation, a fractional factorial design (25-1) was performed with the following variables: aqueous dilution of the sample (V1), extraction strength (V2), matrix washing time (V3), extraction flow (V4), and analytical flow (V5). After, the most influential ones (V1, V2, and V3) were taken into a central composite design (23) to select their best values. Under optimised conditions, the method reported linear ranges between 10 and 125 ng g-1 with R2 > 0.985. Accuracy and precision were in accordance with the values established by the International Council for Harmonisation (Q2(R1)). Therefore, the proposed approach was effective in extracting and analysing selected pesticides in soil samples. Also, we carried out initial qualitative tests for pesticides in honeybees to see if there is the possibility to apply our method in other solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares Maciel
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, Postal Code: 13566590, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, Postal Code: 13566590, Brazil.
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7
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On-line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography (SFE-SFC) at a glance: A coupling story. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Bakó C, Balázs VL, Takács G, Pallos JP, Pál S, Kocsis B, Pethő DR, Horváth G. Combination of Analytical and Statistical Methods in Order to Optimize Antibacterial Activity of Clary Sage Supercritical Fluid Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:6449. [PMID: 34770858 PMCID: PMC8586929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was systematically studied by using thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography (TLC-DB) and response surface methodology (RSM). The three parameters temperature, pressure, and cosolvent ratio were optimized for the maximum antibacterial activity of clary sage extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The highest inhibition zone was 7.51 mm for P. aeruginosa and 7.57 mm for MRSA. According to RSM analysis, the predicted optimum extraction parameters are 18.6 MPa pressure, 40 °C temperature, and 2% ethanol (EtOH) ratio. The combination of this analytical and statistical method allows saving time, money, and instrument runtime in the optimization of essential oil composition, which is tailored to a specific task and could be useful on any kind of herbs in a wide range of use from perfume manufacturing to the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor Bakó
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.B.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Viktória Lilla Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.B.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Gyöngyi Takács
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.R.P.)
| | | | - Szilárd Pál
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Rippelné Pethő
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.B.); (V.L.B.)
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9
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Lesellier E, West C. Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of natural dyes: From carotenoids to flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:382-393. [PMID: 34633729 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural dyes are used in a variety of formulated products, from food to cosmetics and pharmaceutics. In addition to their color, they also provide some bioactivity. While they are mostly analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography was also employed for several dye families, mostly for carotenoids and chlorophylls, and more recently for anthraquinones and flavonoids. These supercritical fluid chromatography methods are described in this review. Because the dyes have different structures and structural variations (polarity, isomers, etc.), the best chromatographic system to achieve their separation is not always the same. Hydrophobic stationary phases are preferred for the most hydrophobic dyes (chlorophylls and carotenoids) while polar stationary phases are preferred for the polar dyes (anthraquinones and flavonoids). Regarding the mobile phase composition, chlorophylls and carotenoids are best eluted with moderate proportions of co-solvent in CO2 (about 40%), while the most polar glycosylated flavonoids require higher proportions of co-solvent and acidic additives. Because dyes are colorful, ultraviolet-visible detection is often sufficient, while mass spectrometry offers additional structural information. Furthermore, fundamental information can also be gained through chromatographic analysis of dyes: either solubility in supercritical fluids, in view of their extraction, or retention behavior providing an understanding of stationary phase properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lesellier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche, 7311, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Caroline West
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche, 7311, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
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10
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Toribio L, Bernal J, Martín MT, Ares AM. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: A valuable tool in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Unified chromatography - Mass spectrometry as a versatile tool for determination of food dyes. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1157:338401. [PMID: 33832583 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Unified chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was assessed for determination of food dyes. Nineteen substances representing azo, triphenylmethane, xanthone, indigoid, quinoline and polyene classes covering an unprecedented range from nonpolar β-Carotene (logD 13.6) to ionic Tartrazine (logD -7.5) were analyzed simultaneously. The dyes were separated in a single experimental run by an 18-min gradient elution from 98% CO2 to 100% aqueous-methanolic modifier on a diol column. Isomeric substances were resolved, and Isatin Sulfonic acid was detected as a degradation product of Indigo Carmine. Mobile phase properties reproducibly changed from supercritical to liquid state ensuring stable retention times (inter-day RSD<0.5%). Quantitative analysis of sports drinks after straightforward 10- or 25-fold dilution with dimethyl sulfoxide confirmed the method applicability to real-life samples. Sufficient limits of detection (typically 0.025 mg L-1 in processed samples, equivalent to 0.25 mg L-1 in drink) and a wide linear range (typically 0.5-50 mg L-1 or 1.3-125 mg L-1 in drink for 10× or 25× dilution, respectively) were demonstrated during validation. A comparison of method performance with competitive liquid chromatography procedures is also provided. Unified chromatography is a promising tool for comprehensive multiclass analysis of dyes in the context of food safety.
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12
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mandić AI, Bantis F, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Brnčić M, Bysted A, Cano MP, Dias MG, Elgersma A, Fikselová M, García-Alonso J, Giuffrida D, Gonçalves VSS, Hornero-Méndez D, Kljak K, Lavelli V, Manganaris GA, Mapelli-Brahm P, Marounek M, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Periago-Castón MJ, Pintea A, Sheehan JJ, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Valšíková-Frey M, Meulebroek LV, O'Brien N. A comprehensive review on carotenoids in foods and feeds: status quo, applications, patents, and research needs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:1999-2049. [PMID: 33399015 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Grethe Iren A Borge
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anette Bysted
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graça Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Kljak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Lavelli
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George A Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Adela Pintea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nora O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Carotenoid and Apocarotenoid Analysis by SFE-SFC-QqQ/MS. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2083:209-219. [PMID: 31745924 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9952-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids and carotenoids oxidative and enzymatic cleavage products called apocarotenoids are very important bioactive molecules in plants and humans, with different biological functions. Both central and noncentral carotenoid cleavage products have been reported to occur in food and in humans, where they may act as bioactive molecules with functions that were previously attributed to the parent carotenoid. However, relatively few studies are available in the literature on the apocarotenoid occurrence in food and biological fluids which were mainly based on liquid chromatographic separation approaches and even fewer reports are available on the carotenoid and apocarotenoid separation by a direct online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (SFE-SFC-QqQ/MS) methodology. In comparison with offline approaches the online nature of the system drastically reduces the extraction time required in traditional solid/liquid extraction, which may require a few hours. Moreover, it reduces the analysis run time, as well as the risks of sample contamination and the possible occurrence of operator errors, improves run-to-run precision, and enables the setting of batch-type applications. The purpose of this contribution was to provide an updated description of the SFE-SFC-QqQ/MS methodology applied to carotenoid and apocarotenoid analysis in various matrices, although with a particular focus on the apocarotenoid applications.
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14
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Simultaneous determination of carotenoids with different polarities in tomato products using a C30 core-shell column based approach. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Giuffrida D, Zoccali M, Mondello L. Recent developments in the carotenoid and carotenoid derivatives chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in food matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Multivariate approach to on-line supercritical fluid extraction – supercritical fluid chromatography - mass spectrometry method development. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1127:282-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Zoccali M, Giuffrida D, Salafia F, Rigano F, Dugo P, Casale M, Mondello L. Apocarotenoids profiling in different Capsicum species. Food Chem 2020; 334:127595. [PMID: 32711277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study report on the application of an on line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole/mass spectrometry methodology to the first apocarotenoids profiling of seventeen different chilli peppers cultivars belonging to Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum chinense species. A total of 19 free apocarotenoids and 8 apocarotenoids fatty acid esters were identified; β-Apo-8'-carotenal and Apo-8'-zeaxanthinal were also quantified and the β-Apo-8'-carotenal occurrence was in the percentage ranges relative to β-carotene of 0.03-3.87%. PCA was performed as a multivariate display method on the quantified carotenoids and apocarotenoids, in order to visualize the data structure. Moreover, different ε-apoluteinals and 4-oxo-apo-β-carotenals were detected in Capsicum species also for the first time and, to the best of authors knowledge, in any food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Fabio Salafia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Monica Casale
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Votani A, Chisvert A, Giokas DL. On-line extraction coupled to liquid chromatographic analysis of hydrophobic organic compounds from complex solid samples-Application to the analysis of UV filters in soils and sediments. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460561. [PMID: 31564565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the applicability of on-line extraction (OLE) directly coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) for the dynamic extraction of hydrophobic organic compounds from complex solid samples. The method operates within the existing apparatus of the LC by replacing the valve loop with an extraction vessel comprised of an empty guard column loaded with the sample. In this manner, extraction is accomplished by the mobile phase as it flows through the extraction vessel under high pressure without the need for additional apparatus other than those comprising the LC system or additional sample pretreatment steps. The experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the method were investigated and discussed in relation to both the extraction performance and the chromatographic efficiency. The method was optimized and applied for the first time to the extraction of hydrophobic UV filters from spiked soil and sediment samples yielding recoveries between 59 and 117% and reproducibility from 4.8 to 14.3%, which are comparable to those reported from more advanced sample preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Votani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dimosthenis L Giokas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Zoccali M, Giuffrida D, Granese R, Salafia F, Dugo P, Mondello L. Determination of free apocarotenoids and apocarotenoid esters in human colostrum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1335-1342. [PMID: 31900534 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of carotenoids in human colostrum has been reported in the literature, and xanthophyll esters in human colostrum were recently detected for the first time. However, no published studies have reported whether apocarotenoids, which are metabolites derived from carotenoid enzymatic or nonenzymatic oxidative cleavage, are present in human colostrum. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to search for the possible occurrence of apocarotenoids, including apocarotenoid esters, in human colostrum for the first time by applying an online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodology. Recent evidence related to apocarotenoid transcriptional activity has suggested that they may have beneficial health properties superior to those of their parent carotenoids. Three different apocarotenoids, namely apo-8'-β-carotenal, apo-8'-lycopenal, and β-citraurin, were identified in intact human colostrum samples, with average concentrations of 85 nmol L-1, 54.6 nmol L-1, and 75.4 nmol L-1, respectively. The overall detection of 16 different free apocarotenoids and 10 different apocarotenoid fatty acid esters in human colostrum was achieved here for the first time. Their occurrence in human colostrum certainly has implications for newborn health status, since colostrum is the only form of food for the newborn during the very first days of life. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberta Granese
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Salafia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata - Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata - Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata - Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120613. [PMID: 31816926 PMCID: PMC6943544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange peel is a by-product produced in large amounts that acts as a source of natural pigments such as carotenoids. Xanthophylls, the main carotenoid class found in citrus fruit, can be present in its free form or esterified with fatty acids, forming esters. This esterification modifies the compound’s chemical properties, affecting their bioavailability in the human body, and making it important to characterize the native carotenoid composition of food matrices. We aimed to evaluate the non-saponified carotenoid extracts of orange peel (cv. Pera) obtained using alternative green approaches: extraction with ionic liquid (IL), analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS) in an online system. Both alternative green methods were successfully applied, allowing the total identification of five free carotenoids, one apocarotenoid, seven monoesters, and 11 diesters in the extract obtained with IL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and nine free carotenoids, six carotenoids esters, 19 apocarotenoids, and eight apo-esters with the SFE-SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS approach, including several free apocarotenoids and apocarotenoid esters identified for the first time in oranges, and particularly in the Pera variety, which could be used as a fruit authenticity parameter.
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Ye F, Zhong Q, Liang Y, Zhou T. Determination of lipid mediators in breast cancer cells using lyophilization-supercritical fluid extraction online coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:1800-1807. [PMID: 31675762 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A lyophilization-supercritical fluid extraction coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry online method was developed for the determination of lipid mediators in breast cancer cells. Supercritical fluid extraction was applied to the cell samples for the first time due to the use of lyophilization. The conditions of supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry were investigated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, all the calibration curves for the lipid mediators showed good linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.99). The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.190-5.36 pg and 0.560-16.2 pg, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 70.3-125%. The relative standard deviations of the precision ranged from 1.49-18.7% and the accuracies were higher than 84%. Compared with liquid-liquid extraction coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method, the present approach reduced the manual labor and obtained higher sensitivity as well as higher extraction recoveries for all 15 lipid mediators. Finally, the online method was applied to the quantification of lipid mediators in breast cancer cells and normal mammary epithelial cells. On the basis of the results, this lyophilization-supercritical fluid extraction online coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method showed great promise in the analysis of lipid mediators in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhong
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation, Guangzhou branch, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Lankatillake C, Huynh T, Dias DA. Understanding glycaemic control and current approaches for screening antidiabetic natural products from evidence-based medicinal plants. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:105. [PMID: 31516543 PMCID: PMC6731622 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions as a result of over-nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Current therapies, although effective, are not without limitations. These limitations, the alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes, and the soaring cost of managing diabetes and its complications underscores an urgent need for safer, more efficient and affordable alternative treatments. Over 1200 plant species are reported in ethnomedicine for treating diabetes and these represents an important and promising source for the identification of novel antidiabetic compounds. Evaluating medicinal plants for desirable bioactivity goes hand-in-hand with methods in analytical biochemistry for separating and identifying lead compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current methods used in antidiabetic plant research to form a useful resource for researchers beginning in the field. The review summarises the current understanding of blood glucose regulation and the general mechanisms of action of current antidiabetic medications, and combines knowledge on common experimental approaches for screening plant extracts for antidiabetic activity and currently available analytical methods and technologies for the separation and identification of bioactive natural products. Common in vivo animal models, in vitro models, in silico methods and biochemical assays used for testing the antidiabetic effects of plants are discussed with a particular emphasis on in vitro methods such as cell-based bioassays for screening insulin secretagogues and insulinomimetics. Enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking are also highlighted. The role of metabolomics, metabolite profiling, and dereplication of data for the high-throughput discovery of novel antidiabetic agents is reviewed. Finally, this review also summarises sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, and the critical function of nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the dereplication, putative identification and structure elucidation of natural compounds from evidence-based medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintha Lankatillake
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Australia
| | - Tien Huynh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Australia
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He PX, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Zhang JW, Feng XS. Supercritical fluid chromatography-a technical overview and its applications in medicinal plant analysis: an update covering 2012-2018. Analyst 2019; 144:5324-5352. [PMID: 31348475 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00826h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants with complex matrices are endowed with a wide scope of biological activities. The separation, quantification, characterization and purification of bioactive components from herbal medicine extracts have always challenged analysts. Fortunately, the advancement of various emerging techniques has provided potent support for improving the method selectivity, sensitivity and run speeds in medicinal plant analyses. In recent years, the advent of new-generation supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) instruments and a wide diversity of column chemistries, coupled with the intrinsic technical features of SFC, have made it an alternative and prominent analytical platform in the medicinal plant research area. This work aims to give a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, technical advancement and investigating parameters of SFC in combination with three prevalent detectors. Moreover, the latest research progress of SFC applications in medicinal plant analyses is illuminated, with focus on herbal medicine-related SFC papers on the analytical and preparative scale that were published during the period of 2012 to December 2018. The most relevant applications were classified based on the constituents to be analysed. As for the respective research cases, analytical protocols and data processing strategies were provided, along with the indicated restrictions or superiority of the method; thus, the current status of SFC in medicinal plant analysis was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xia He
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Zoccali M, Giuffrida D, Salafia F, Socaciu C, Skjånes K, Dugo P, Mondello L. First Apocarotenoids Profiling of Four Microalgae Strains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070209. [PMID: 31284598 PMCID: PMC6680960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Both enzymatic or oxidative carotenoids cleavages can often occur in nature and produce a wide range of bioactive apocarotenoids. Considering that no detailed information is available in the literature regarding the occurrence of apocarotenoids in microalgae species, the aim of this study was to study the extraction and characterization of apocarotenoids in four different microalgae strains: Chlamydomonas sp. CCMP 2294, Tetraselmis chuii SAG 8-6, Nannochloropsis gaditana CCMP 526, and Chlorella sorokiniana NIVA-CHL 176. This was done for the first time using an online method coupling supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 29 different apocarotenoids, including various apocarotenoid fatty acid esters, were detected: apo-12’-zeaxanthinal, β-apo-12’-carotenal, apo-12-luteinal, and apo-12’-violaxanthal. These were detected in all the investigated strains together with the two apocarotenoid esters, apo-10’-zeaxanthinal-C4:0 and apo-8’-zeaxanthinal-C8:0. The overall extraction and detection time for the apocarotenoids was less than 10 min, including apocarotenoids esters, with an overall analysis time of less than 20 min. Moreover, preliminary quantitative data showed that the β-apo-8’-carotenal content was around 0.8% and 2.4% of the parent carotenoid, in the C. sorokiniana and T. chuii strains, respectively. This methodology could be applied as a selective and efficient method for the apocarotenoids detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Fabio Salafia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- PROPLANTA-Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology, str. Trifoiului 12G, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kari Skjånes
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO115, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Zoccali M, Donato P, Mondello L. Recent advances in the coupling of carbon dioxide-based extraction and separation techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Pilařová V, Plachká K, Khalikova MA, Svec F, Nováková L. Recent developments in supercritical fluid chromatography – mass spectrometry: Is it a viable option for analysis of complex samples? Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gentili A, Dal Bosco C, Fanali S, Fanali C. Large-scale profiling of carotenoids by using non aqueous reversed phase liquid chromatography - photodiode array detection - triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry: Application to some varieties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:759-767. [PMID: 30481639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of carotenoids is very complex and demanding in terms of both separation and detection. In this article, an analytical strategy relying on high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PAD-MS/MS) is presented for the large-scale screening of these phytochemicals. Separation was realized by means of Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase (NARP) chromatography on a triacontyl stationary phase kept at subambient temperature, using a mobile phase compatible with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The standards of 14 analytes were used to optimize the method and to predict the chromatographic behaviour of untargeted carotenoids. MS and MS/MS data, obtained during Information Dependent Acquisition (IDA) experiments, were utilized to set up a sensitive HPLC- selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method. Relative abundance between SRM ion currents (ion ratio) allowed the MS distinction of structural isomers (for example, bicyclic, monocyclic and acyclic isomers), while the identification of geometrical isomers was based on Qratio and fine structure, as calculated from UV-vis spectra. The comparison of LC-PAD- SRM chromatograms, acquired after applying two different extraction procedures (matrix solid-phase dispersion and overnight cold saponification), allowed verifying that sweet peppers are a good source of xanthophylls, prevalently occurring as esterified forms. The overall strategy could identify more than 40 carotenoids in some sweet pepper varieties (Jolly, horn and sweet chili pepper) available on the Italian and European food market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Dal Bosco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37129, Verona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Development of a practical online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry system with an integrated split-flow method. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:161-172. [PMID: 30712818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a practical online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry (SFE-SFC/MS) system with an integrated split-flow method and a pre-column trap method that is well suited for the continuous extraction and separation of a wide range of compounds, including hydrophilic ones. Although an SFE-SFC system with a splitting method is already commercially available, in this study, we added some new features to this system: 1) a splitting method that further reduces the amount of extractant introduced into SFC, 2) a trap column, connected before the analytical column, with a different separation mechanism than the analytical column in the system with the splitting method, and 3) a system for calculating the recovery rate of SFE during online SFE-SFC/MS. In the above setup, part of the analyzed extract is introduced into the separation section at a higher split ratio owing to the make-up pump flow rate, thus reducing the distortion of the target analyte peak shape caused by the use of a strong extractant. Furthermore, the separation efficiency is improved by the use of an additional pre-column capable of interacting with compounds weakly retained on the analytical column. Finally, we show that equalization of the SFE and autosampler injection conditions allows evaluation of the recovery rate of SFE during online SFE-SFC/MS.
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Construction of on-line supercritical fluid extraction with reverse phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of capsaicin. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Yang Y, Liang Y, Yang J, Ye F, Zhou T, Gongke L. Advances of supercritical fluid chromatography in lipid profiling. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:1-8. [PMID: 30740251 PMCID: PMC6355828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) meets with great favor due to its high efficiency, low organic solvent consumption, and the specialty for the identification of the isomeric species. This review describes the advances of SFC in targeted and untargeted lipid profiling. The advancement of the SFC instruments and the stationary phases are summarized. Typical applications of SFC to the targeted and untargeted lipid profiling are discussed in detail. Moreover, the perspectives of SFC in the lipid profiling are also proposed. As a useful and promising tool for investigating lipids in vitro and in vivo, SFC will predictably obtain further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanshan Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jina Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengying Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Gongke
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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31
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Carotenoids and apocarotenoids determination in intact human blood samples by online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1032:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Parada-Alonso F, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Recent applications of on-line supercritical fluid extraction coupled to advanced analytical techniques for compounds extraction and identification. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:243-257. [PMID: 30156751 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous review (Sánchez-Camargo et al., J. Sep. Sci. 40 (2017) 213-227), we discussed the application of on-line supercritical fluid extraction coupled to chromatographic techniques. This review includes an update of the most recent publications (from January 2016 till June 2018) on this topic, which employs advanced analytical techniques for extracting and identifying valuable analytes. Supercritical fluid extraction has been widely recognized as a green sample preparation technique, because it is efficient, environmentally friendly, powerful, and faster, offering the possibility of direct coupling to analytical instrumental techniques. Among those techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography has experienced an innovative progression in the last 10 years, and the most recent applications of supercritical fluid extraction are coupled to this advanced analytical tool. The general principles, both methodological and instrumental of on-line supercritical fluid extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography are described here. Besides, applications of the mentioned coupling for analysing biological fluids, food, soil, and botanical samples are also presented and discussed. Finally, a brief description about the very recent on-line coupling of supercritical fluid extraction to ion mobility spectrometry is presented, as well as concluding remarks about the importance of using these coupled techniques in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabián Parada-Alonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Liang Y, Zhou T. Recent advances of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:226-242. [PMID: 30136406 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques are favored because of their high efficiency and fast analysis speed. Although many sample preparation techniques have been coupled with common liquid chromatography online, the online coupling of sample preparation with the two popular chromatography techniques have gained increasing attention owing to the increasing requirements of efficiency and sensitivity. In this review, we have discussed and summarized the recent advances of the online coupling of sample preparation with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques. The main sample preparation techniques that have been coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography online are solid-phase extraction and in-tube solid-phase microextraction, while solid-phase extraction and supercritical fluid extraction are the main techniques that have been coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography online. Especially, the strategies for online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques were summarized. Typical applications and growing trends of the online coupling techniques were also discussed in detail. With the increasing demands of improving the efficiency, throughput, and analytical capability toward complex samples of the analysis methods, online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques will acquire further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Liu J, Ji F, Chen F, Guo W, Yang M, Huang S, Zhang F, Liu Y. Determination of garlic phenolic compounds using supercritical fluid extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:513-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Current trends in supercritical fluid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6441-6457. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The many (inter-)faces of supercritical fluid chromatography: the present and future prospects of online supercritical fluid extraction–supercritical fluid chromatography. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1073-1076. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated supercritical fluid extraction–supercritical fluid chromatography is an innovative method with low-effort sampling strategies (e.g., dried blood spots) that may make large-scale application faster, cheaper and greener than currently thought possible.
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography × Ultra-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for Red Chilli Pepper Fingerprinting by Photodiode Array, Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (SFC × RP-UHPLC-PDA-Q-ToF MS-IMS). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zoccali M, Arigò A, Russo M, Salafia F, Dugo P, Mondello L. Characterization of Limonoids in Citrus Essential Oils by Means of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Carotenoid esters analysis and occurrence: What do we know so far? Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 648:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Use of an Online Extraction Technique Coupled to Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Caffeine in Coffee, Tea, and Cocoa. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hofstetter R, Fassauer GM, Link A. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of ketamine metabolites from dried urine and on-line quantification by supercritical fluid chromatography and single mass detection (on-line SFE–SFC–MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1076:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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