A thin-layer solid-phase extraction-liquid film elution technique used for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Integrated ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction for efficient determination and pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from high-consumption soft drinks and non-alcoholic beers in Iran

In the present research, an ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry hybrid system was developed for extraction/determination of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-consumption soft drinks and non-alcoholic beers in Iran using magnetite graphene oxide adsorbent. The magnetite graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer techniques. The highest extraction recovery (73.05 to 95.56%) and enrichment factor (90.65 to 106.38) were obtained at adsorbent mass: 10 mg, adsorption time: 30 min, salt addition: sodium chloride 10% w/v, desorption time: 20 min, eluent type: hexane: acetone (1:1, v/v), and desorption solvent volumes: 200 μL. Under optimum conditions, the linearity range for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determination was 0.2-200 ng mL^-1  with coefficient of determination> 0.993, limit of detection = 0.09-0.21 ng mL^-1 , limit of quantitation = 0.3-0.7 ng mL^-1 , and relative standard deviation < 8.1%, respectively. Relative recoveries in spiked real samples ranged from 94.67 to 109.45 % with standard deviation < 6.05%. The proposed method is effective, sensitive, reusable and it is promising for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons residues in environmental samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.