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Abdallah IA, Hammad SF, Bedair A, Mansour FR. Homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC/DAD for determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir as COVID-19 combination therapy in human plasma. BMC Chem 2023; 17:166. [PMID: 38001530 PMCID: PMC10675862 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study reports the development of a high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection method to measure the levels of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in human plasma. These two antiviral medications are used for the treatment of COVID-19 and are marketed as Paxlovid®. The method employed sugaring-out induced homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction to improve sensitivity. Optimization of the method was performed using the one variable at a time approach by adjusting several factors such as type of sugar, extractant, amount of sugar, volume of extractant, and pH of the aqueous sample to achieve the highest efficiency. The developed method was validated according to the Food and Drug Administration guidelines and demonstrated good linearity, accuracy, and precision. The range of linearity was from 1000 to 20,000 ng/mL for nirmatrelvir and 200 to 20,000 ng/mL for ritonavir with correlation coefficient values of 0.998 and 0.996, respectively. Selectivity studies revealed that no others peaks appeared in the retention times of the studied drugs. The stability of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir were also investigated through short term and three cycles of freeze-thaw, and both drugs were found stable. This analytical method could be useful for monitoring drug concentrations in patients undergoing treatment with these medications for COVID-19. In this work, for the first time, SULLME was used for the sensitive determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in biological fluids. The developed method was able to determine both drugs in therapeutic levels with no need to sophisticated techniques like LC-MS. In addition to that, SULLME is considered a simple and green sample preparation in comparison with conventional sample preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Monufia, Egypt
| | - Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Monufia, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
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Manousi N, Ntorkou M, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. A review of bioanalytical applications of microextraction techniques combined with derivatization. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:937-954. [PMID: 37638635 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microextraction techniques have attracted the attention of many researchers working in the field of bioanalysis due to their unique advantages, mainly in downsizing the scale of sample preparation steps. In parallel, analytical derivatization offers a powerful combination in terms of additional sensitivity, selectivity and compatibility with modern separation techniques. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent advances in bioanalytical sample preparation based on the combination of microextraction and analytical derivatization. Both innovative fundamental reports and analyte-targeted applications are included and discussed. Dispersive liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction are the most common techniques that typically combined with derivatization, while the development of novel and greener protocols is receiving substantial consideration in the field of analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Marianna Ntorkou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
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Capsule Phase Microextraction Combined with Chemometrics for the HPLC Determination of Amphotericin B in Human Serum. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the use of a sorbent-based microextraction technique employing a capsule device to isolate amphotericin B (AMB) from human serum before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AMB is a macrocyclic compound used for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Before determining AMB in human serum by HPLC, a sample preparation step is required. Capsule phase microextraction (CPME) integrates the stirring and filtration mechanisms in a single unit, simplifying the sample preparation procedure. Moreover, it results in fast extraction kinetics and high extraction efficiency, while it has proved to be a powerful tool for bioanalysis. Different sol–gel sorbent encapsulated microextraction capsules were investigated, and sol–gel Carbowax 20 M was finally chosen as the basis for the microextraction device. Accordingly, the sample preparation protocol was investigated using a face-centered central composite design to achieve good extraction performance. The optimum protocol was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The linear range of the developed approach was 0.10–10.0 μg mL−1. The LOD value was 0.03 μg mL−1, and the LOQ value was 0.10 μg mL−1. Method accuracy (expressed as relative recovery) was 87–113%, while the relative standard deviation of the repeatability (sr) and within-laboratory reproducibility (sR) were <12.4%. The sol–gel sorbent encapsulated microextraction capsules were reusable for at least 10 extraction cycles. All things considered, the proposed method exhibited good overall performance, and it could be used in bioanalysis for quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring and research purposes.
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Doumtsi A, Manousi N, Karavasili C, Fatouros DG, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. A simple and green LC method for the determination of ibuprofen in milk-containing simulated gastrointestinal media for monitoring the dissolution studies of three dimensional-printed formulations. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3955-3965. [PMID: 36054076 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A fast and green ultra high-performance LC method was developed for the determination of ibuprofen in milk-containing simulated gastrointestinal media to monitor the dissolution of three-dimensional printed formulations. To remove interfering compounds, protein precipitation using methanol as a precipitation reagent was performed. The separation of the target analyte was performed on an C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.05% v/v aqueous phosphoric acid solution: methanol, 25:75% v/v. Method validation was conducted using the total error concept. The β-expectation tolerance intervals did not exceed the acceptance criteria of ± 15%, meaning that 95% of future results will be included in the defined bias limits. The relative bias ranged between ─ 1.1 to + 3.2% for all analytes, while the relative standard deviation values for repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 2.8% and 3.9%, respectively. The achieved limit of detection was 0.01 μg mL-1 and the lower limit of quantitation was established as 2 μg mL-1 . The proposed method was simple, and it required reduced organic solvent consumption following the requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry. The method was successfully employed for the determination of ibuprofen in real biorelevant media obtained from dissolution studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Doumtsi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Gürmen K, Şahin U, Yılmaz E, Soylak M, Şahan S. Determination of Curcumin in Food with Homogenous Liquid-Phase Microextraction Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Gürmen
- Technology Research, and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Uğur Şahin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Development Zone, USeM ArGe ve Danş. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yılmaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Technology Research, and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serkan Şahan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Development Zone, USeM ArGe ve Danş. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Heydarzadeh M, Heydari R. Determination of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in environmental and food samples using salt‐assisted liquid‐liquid extraction coupled with micro‐channel and high‐performance liquid chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heydarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Rouhollah Heydari
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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Salt-Induced Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Piroxicam and Meloxicam from Human Urine Prior to Their Determination by HPLC-DAD. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A salt-induced homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction (SI-HLLME) protocol combined with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection is presented for the first time for the determination of piroxicam and meloxicam in human urine. The main parameters affecting the performance of the sample preparation protocol were optimized by means of a two-step experimental design (i.e., 2-level fractional factorial design and Box–Behnken design). Following its optimization, the proposed method was thoroughly validated in terms of the total error concept in order to take into consideration the random and systematic errors. For the target analytes, accuracy profiles were constructed, and they were used as graphical decision-making tools. In all cases, the β-expectation tolerance intervals complied with the acceptance criteria of ±15%, proving that 95% of future results will fall within the defined bias limits. The limits of detection were 0.02 μg mL−1 and 0.03 μg mL−1 for piroxicam and meloxicam, respectively. The relative standard deviations were lower than 4.4% in all cases, and the mean relative biases ranged between −5.7 and 3.4% for both drugs. The proposed scheme is simple and rapid, while it is characterized by high sample throughput. Moreover, SI-HLLME requires reduced sample and reagent consumption, according to the requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry.
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