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Critto EF, Giovannoni S, Lancioni C, Castells CB. Enantioseparation of agrochemicals by gas chromatography. Exploring columns based on cyclodextrin derivatives dissolved into polysiloxanes. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300804. [PMID: 38234022 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The main goal of this work is to expand the availability of chiral columns for the analysis of agrochemicals by gas chromatography. A broader offer of chiral stationary phases would allow shifting toward enantioselective analytical techniques environmentally more friendly for those compounds. We prepared seven chiral capillary columns based on derivatives of either, β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrins dissolved at high concentrations, in two typical polysiloxanes with different polarities, demonstrating not only the significance of the chiral selector but also of the polymer solvent for achieving adequate enantioseparation of some agrochemicals. The enantiorecognition ability of each column was evaluated with 20 volatile and semivolatile agrochemicals, possessing one or two chiral centers. Besides, to elute more polar agrochemicals, as well as to enhance enantioselectivity, three derivatization procedures targeting the carboxyl and/or amine group were evaluated. The results revealed that the prepared column consisting of octakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-tertbutyldimethylsilyl)-γ-cyclodextrin dissolved in (14%-cyanopropyl-phenyl)-86%-methyl-polysiloxane provides the broadest enantiorecognition capacity. This column allowed the enantioseparation of seventeen chiral agrochemicals, including metalaxyl, furalaxyl, and four imidazolinones, which were not enantioseparated in the remaining columns. To the best of our knowledge, glufosinate, fluorochloridone, fenarimol, furalaxyl, and four imidazolinones were enantioseparated by gas chromatography for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Frickel Critto
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIC-PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sol Giovannoni
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIC-PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlina Lancioni
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIC-PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia B Castells
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIC-PBA, La Plata, Argentina
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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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