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Si L, Lai Y. Pharmacological mechanisms by which baicalin ameliorates cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415971. [PMID: 39185317 PMCID: PMC11341428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside obtained from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which belongs to the Labiatae family. Accumulating evidence indicates that baicalin has favorable therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have revealed the therapeutic effects of baicalin on atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertension, and heart failure through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid metabolism mechanisms. In recent years, some new ideas related to baicalin in ferroptosis, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems have been proposed, and new progress has been made in understanding the mechanism by which baicalin protects cardiomyocytes. However, many relevant underlying mechanisms remain unexplained, and much experimental data is lacking. Therefore, further research is needed to determine these mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of baicalin, which include its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis; modulation of innate immunity; suppression of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, migration, and contraction; regulation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems; inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy; prevention of myocardial fibrosis; and anti-apoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Si
- Acupunture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Guo C, Chen MJ, Zhao JR, Wu RY, Zhang Y, Li QQ, Zhao H, Dou JH, Song SF, Wei J. Exercise training differently improve cardiac function and regulate myocardial mitophagy in ischemic and pressure-overloaded heart failure mice. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:562-574. [PMID: 35365954 DOI: 10.1113/ep090374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The cardioprotective effects of different aerobic exercises on chronic heart failure with different etiologies and whether mitophagy is involved remain elusive. What is the main finding and its importance? Moderate-intensity continuous training may be the "optimum" modality for improving cardiac structure and function in ischemic heart failure, while both moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training were suitable for pressure-overloaded heart failure. Various mitophagy pathways especially PRKN-dependent pathways participated in the protective effects of exercise on heart failure. ABSTRACT The cardioprotective effects of different aerobic exercises on chronic heart failure with different etiologies and whether mitophagy is involved remain elusive. In the current research, left anterior descending ligation and transverse aortic constriction surgeries were used to establish mice models of heart failure, followed by 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The results showed that MICT significantly improved ejection fraction (P < 0.05) and fractional shortening (P < 0.05), mitigated left ventricular end-systolic dimension (P < 0.01), brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.0001), and fibrosis (P < 0.0001), while HIIT only decreased brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.0001) and fibrosis (P < 0.0001) for ischemic heart failure. Both MICT and HIIT significantly increased ejection fraction (P < 0.0001) and fractional shortening (MICT: P < 0.001, HIIT: P < 0.0001), reduced left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension, brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.0001), and fibrosis (MICT: P < 0.01, HIIT: P < 0.0001), even HIIT was better in reducing brain natriuretic peptide on pressure-overloaded heart failure. Myocardial autophagy and mitophagy were compromised in heart failure, exercises improved myocardial autophagic flux and mitophagy inconsistently in heart failure with different etiologies. Significant correlations were found between multiple mitophagy pathways and cardioprotection of exercises. Collectively, MICT may be the "optimum" modality for ischemic heart failure, both MICT and HIIT (especially HIIT) were suitable for pressure-overloaded heart failure. Exercises differently improved myocardial autophagy/mitophagy and multiple mitophagy-related pathways were closely implicated in cardioprotection of exercises for chronic heart failure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Rui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Yun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Hao Dou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shou-Fang Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China.,Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Disease of Ministry of Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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