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Silva VAR, Pauna HF, Lavinsky J, Guimarães GC, Abrahão NM, Massuda ET, Vianna MF, Ikino CMY, Santos VM, Polanski JF, Silva MNLD, Sampaio ALL, Zanini RVR, Lourençone LFM, Denaro MMDC, Calil DB, Chone CT, Castilho AM. Brazilian Society of Otology task force - Otosclerosis: evaluation and treatment. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 89:101303. [PMID: 37647735 PMCID: PMC10474207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis. METHODS Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on otosclerosis were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS The topics were divided into 2 parts: 1) Diagnosis - audiologic and radiologic; 2) Treatment - hearing AIDS, pharmacological therapy, stapes surgery, and implantable devices - bone-anchored devices, active middle ear implants, and Cochlear Implants (CI). CONCLUSIONS The pathophysiology of otosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but environmental factors and unidentified genes are likely to play a significant role in it. Women with otosclerosis are not at increased risk of worsening clinical condition due to the use of contraceptives or during pregnancy. Drug treatment has shown little benefit. If the patient does not want to undergo stapedotomy, the use of hearing aids is well indicated. Implantable systems should be indicated only in rare cases, and the CI should be indicated in cases of profound deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Antonio Rodrigues Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Furlan Pauna
- Hospital Universitário Cajuru, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Joel Lavinsky
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Corrêa Guimarães
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Moreira Abrahão
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tanaka Massuda
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ferreira Vianna
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericordia de São Paulo, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Márcio Yudi Ikino
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Cirurgia e Hospital Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Mazanek Santos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Polanski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdade Evangélica Mackensie do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Lopes Sampaio
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Otorrinolaringologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Fernando Manzoni Lourençone
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Bortoloti Calil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Takahiro Chone
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Menino Castilho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Necula V, Maniu AA, Ujváry LP, Dindelegan MG, Tănase M, Tănase M, Blebea CM. Vertigo Associated with Otosclerosis and Stapes Surgery-A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1485. [PMID: 37629775 PMCID: PMC10456756 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Otosclerosis is a pathological condition affecting the temporal bone, and is characterized by remodelling of the labyrinthine bone tissue through a dynamic process of osteolysis and osteogenesis. This condition progressively leads to hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Stapedotomy, a surgical procedure involving the removal of the stapes superstructure and its replacement with a prosthesis, is the treatment of choice to improve hearing in individuals with otosclerosis. However, vestibular dysfunction is a significant complication associated with this procedure, which can occur intraoperatively or postoperatively, ranging from the immediate postoperative period to weeks, months, or even years after surgery. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the most important causes of vertigo associated with otosclerosis and stapes surgery with the goal of minimizing the incidence of this complication. Understanding the underlying factors contributing to vertigo in this context is crucial for the prevention and effective management of vertigo in patients undergoing stapedotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - László-Péter Ujváry
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maximilian-George Dindelegan
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Job K, Wiatr A, Awada H, Wiatr M. Retrospective Study of 157 Patients with Otosclerosis to Evaluate Association Between Carhart Notch on the Preoperative Bone-Conduction Audiogram and Postoperative Hearing and Balance Evaluated by the Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939255. [PMID: 36707983 PMCID: PMC9890854 DOI: 10.12659/msm.939255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Carhart notch in the pure tone audiogram can be an indicator of stapes fixation in otosclerosis. This retrospective study of 157 patients with otosclerosis aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of a Carhart notch on the preoperative bone-conduction audiogram and postoperative hearing and balance evaluated by the Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with suspected otosclerosis based on medical history and audiometric tests were considered. The analysis included 157 consecutive patients who underwent surgery in the years 2016 to 2019, in whom the diagnosis of otosclerosis was confirmed during surgery. Carhart notch was defined as an impairment in the bone conduction threshold of ≥7.5 dB for 2000 Hz frequencies above the mean thresholds at higher and lower adjacent frequencies. The Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living subjective scale was used in the preoperative period and 4 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS The preoperative presence of Carhart notch and progressive sensorineural hearing loss were statistically significantly correlated with more common onset of tinnitus and then dizziness (P=0.006). Preoperative vertigo was observed in patients who had Carhart notch observed in the preoperative audiometric test. This vertigo more commonly coexisted with profound sensorineural hearing loss and minor or no improvement in average values of bone conduction after surgery (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative Carhart notch on audiogram and the severity of sensorineural hearing loss were associated with tinnitus and vertigo. However, preoperative Carhart notch was not associated with persistent postoperative tinnitus in patients with cochlear otosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Job
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wiatr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Hassan Awada
- Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiatr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
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Rajati M, Jafarzadeh S, Javadzadeh R, Disfani MF, Yousefi R. Comprehensive vestibular evaluation in patients with Otosclerosis: a case control study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:582-587. [PMID: 36514435 PMCID: PMC9741689 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Otosclerosis is one of the common otologic diseases. The mechanism and the probable site of vestibular involvement are not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to perform a comprehensive vestibular evaluation in patients with otosclerosis, compared to the cases without otosclerosis. Materials and methods patients underwent a comprehensive cochleovestibular evaluation, including audiometry, ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (o-VEMP and c-VEMP), video head impulse (vHIT) and caloric tests. The results were compared with those obtained from the non-otosclerosis control group. Results A total of 61 individuals were included in the study who were divided into two groups of the case (50.82%) and control (49.18%). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean vHIT gain between the case and control groups (P < 0.05). However, the mean gain was still within the normal range. Besides, the patients with otosclerosis had significant bilateral or unilateral weaknesses according to caloric test results. Moreover, their o-VEMP and c-VEMP results were significantly abnormal as well (P < 0.05). Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, the vestibular system even in asymptomatic cases, is affected by otosclerosis. Furthermore, it seems that the otolithic system has a higher chance of involvement, compared to the semicircular canals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03147-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rajati
- Sinus and Surgical Endoscopic Research Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarzadeh
- Department of Audiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Audiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, campus of Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, park square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Javadzadeh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Feiz Disfani
- Resident of otolaryngology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Riga M, Korres G, Tramontani O. Positive and negative post stapedotomy effects on cervical VEMP recordings; a STROBE analysis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2022; 140:107-114. [PMID: 36088240 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary goal of the present study was to compare the pre- and post-stapedotomy elicitation and waveform characteristics of both air- and bone-conduction (AC-, BC-) cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) through an individualized approach. A possible association between audiological characteristics, such as AC- and BC- pure tone audiometry thresholds and air-bone gap and the production of cVEMPs before and after stapedotomy was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five ears were subjected to full audiological evaluation as well as AC- and BC-cVEMPs pre- and post-stapedotomy. Four subgroups were studied; consistently present/absent, post-operatively disappeared and restored cVEMPs. RESULTS Post-stapedotomy changes in cVEMP elicitability did not reach significance for either AC-cVEMP (OR=5.41, 95% CI 0.88-33.36, P=0.06) or BC-cVEMP (OR=2.40, 95% CI 0.42-13.60, P=0.3). Normal or abnormal AC-cVEMPs were equally subject to post-operative changes (OR=1.95, 95% CI 0.32-12.01, P=0.5), as were BC-cVEMPs (OR=3.75, 95% CI 0.66-21.25, P=0.1). Neither the audiological characteristics nor the surgical outcome, in terms of ABG results, were relevant to the presence or absence of AC- and BC-cVEMPs before or after stapedotomy. CONCLUSIONS The presumed changes brought to the sacculus by stapedotomy are minor and beyond the diagnostic abilities of either AC-cVEMPs or BC-cVEMPs, both in terms of cVEMPs elicitability and waveform characteristics. In individual cases, however, which may deserve further investigation, cVEMPs may reappear or disappear after stapedotomy probably following minor changes toward a lower or higher vestibular system resistance for pressure and sound transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - G Korres
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - O Tramontani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, United Kingdom
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Gao Y, Kamogashira T, Fujimoto C, Iwasaki S, Yamasoba T. Beneficial effects of time‐restricted feeding on gentamicin cytotoxicity in mouse cochlea and vestibular organs. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:530-539. [PMID: 35434314 PMCID: PMC9008174 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Chisato Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Response To Letter To The Editor: "Is MeniÈre's Disease A Contraindication To Stapedectomy?". Otol Neurotol 2021; 43:e274-e275. [PMID: 34789693 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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He L, Guo JY, Qu TF, Wei W, Liu K, Peng Z, Wang GP, Gong SS. Cellular origin and response of flat epithelium in the vestibular end organs of mice to Atoh1 overexpression. Hear Res 2020; 391:107953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Alessandrini M, Viziano A, Roselli L, Micarelli A. Surgical treatment of otosclerosis leading to changes in postural control and quality of life. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:2448-2454. [PMID: 31804726 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluating postural function in patients with otosclerosis by assessing otoneurological function and balance-related quality of life before and 6 weeks after surgical treatment. Correlations between and clinical features were investigated. METHODS Thirty-three patients affected by otosclerosis underwent otoneurological examination, video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), and static posturography before and after stapedotomy. Quality of life and dizziness-related handicap were screened by means of validated questionnaires. Correlation analysis was performed in order to discover possible relations with audiological pre- and postoperative parameters. RESULTS A significant improvement in posturographic parameters was found. Correlation analysis yielded a negative correlation between preoperative bone conduction auditory threshold and both vHIT scores and postural performance improvement, evaluated by spectral analysis. Moreover, a positive correlation was also found between improvements in posturographic scores and quality-of-life questionnaires. CONCLUSION The study results demonstrated an improvement in postural function and self-reported measures in a cohort of patients with otosclerosis 6 weeks after stapedotomy. The inverse correlation with preoperative auditory levels may reflect lesser chance for balance restoration in cases with worse sensorineural function. Possible implications for daily activities and overall quality of life were suggested by improved self-report questionnaire results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:2448-2454, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Andrea Viziano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Roselli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Alessandro Micarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.,ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), Rome, Italy.,Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
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Ažman D, Hrabač P, Demarin V. Use of Multiple Ultrasonographic Parameters in Confirmation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:879-889. [PMID: 28960430 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultrasonography (US) of the median nerve has been increasingly studied and used for confirmation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, a consensus on the choice of parameters to be evaluated is still not established. The aim of this diagnostic accuracy study was to assess the diagnostic value of multiple parameters individually, as well as in different combinations of variable complexity, and to find an optimal approach for US-based confirmation of a CTS diagnosis. METHODS All participants completed clinical and electrophysiologic evaluations, and their hands were scanned with a 5-13-MHz linear US transducer. Eighty-six patients with CTS (135 symptomatic hands) and 50 control participants (93 asymptomatic hands) were analyzed. The median nerve was recorded transversely at the forearm, at the carpal tunnel inlet, in the mid tunnel, and at the carpal tunnel outlet. For determining the parameters' diagnostic value, sensitivities, specificities, and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. RESULTS The inlet cross-sectional area, inlet circumference, and outlet cross-sectional area of the median nerve had the highest AUCs (0.962, 0.920, and 0.913, respectively), sensitivities (87.4%, 80.0%, and 74.1%), and specificities (94.6%, 91.4%, and 92.5%) among single-measurement parameters. An analysis of 2-level parameters (wrist-to-forearm-ratio, inlet-to-outlet-ratio, outlet-to-forearm-ratio, and inlet-outlet mean) yielded the highest AUC (0.974) for the mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve [(inlet + outlet cross-sectional area)/2], with high sensitivity (93.5%) and specificity (91.1%). A compound regression-based index yielded a marginally higher AUC (0.989) than the previously mentioned parameters. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study show that the mean cross-sectional area and inlet cross-sectional area may be valid and easy-to-acquire parameters for routine clinical use in confirming CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražen Ažman
- Department of Neurology, Dr J. Benčević General Hospital, Medical School of University of Osijek Education Base, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Pero Hrabač
- Department of Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Medical School of University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vida Demarin
- Department of International Institute for Brain Health, Medical School of University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Medical School of University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Kaya S, Paparella MM, Cureoglu S. Does Otosclerosis Affect Dark and Transitional Cells in the Human Vestibular Labyrinth? Otol Neurotol 2017; 38:234-238. [PMID: 27851656 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The density of vestibular dark cells (DCs) and vestibular transitional cells (TCs) can be quantitatively decreased in human temporal bones with otosclerosis. BACKGROUND Previous reports have shown that otosclerosis can lead to vestibular symptoms. METHODS We examined 61 human temporal bone specimens from 52 deceased donors with otosclerosis group-with and without endosteal involvement (EI), and with and without endolymphatic hydrops (EH)-versus 25 specimens from 18 age-matched controls. Using light microscopy, we evaluated the nonsensory epithelium of the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) and posterior semicircular canal (PSC) of the human vestibular labyrinth, focusing on the density of DCs and TCs. RESULTS In both the LSC and the PSC, as compared with the control group, the mean density of DCs significantly decreased in the EI (+) group, in the EI (+) and EH (+) subgroup, and in the EI (+) and EH (-) subgroup (p < 0.05). In addition, we found a significant difference in the mean density of DCs between the EI (+) group and the EI (-) group in the LSC and in the PSC (p < 0.05). But we found no significant difference in the mean density of TCs in any of the otosclerosis groups or subgroups as compared with the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We found a decrease in the density of DCs associated with EI in human temporal bone specimens with otosclerosis, regardless of the presence of EH. This decrease might cause damage in ion and water transportation, leading to vestibular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Kaya
- *Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. †Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gebze Fatih State Hospital, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey ‡Paparella Ear Head & Neck Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A
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