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Zemanová V, Pavlík M, Pavlíková D, Hnilička F, Vondráčková S. Responses to Cd Stress in Two Noccaea Species (Noccaea praecox and Noccaea caerulescens) Originating from Two Contaminated Sites in Mežica, Slovenia and Redlschlag, Austria. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:464-74. [PMID: 26250450 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The two Noccaea species-Noccaea praecox originating from Mežica, Slovenia (Me) (Pb, Zn, Cd pollution) and Noccaea caerulescens from Redlschlag, Austria (Re) (high levels of Ni, Cr, Mg)-were studied to compare Cd accumulation and tolerance. After 120 days of plant cultivation in Cd-contaminated soil (90 mg Cd kg(-1) soil), gas-exchange parameters (e.g. net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration), fatty acids, and selected macro- and microelements were determined in addition to N utilization by plants. The comparison between ecotypes showed that Cd stress resulted in similar changes in gas-exchange parameters. Contrasting responses of plants to Cd contamination were confirmed by the macro- and microelement contents and fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Significantly higher accumulations of Cd and strong decreases in the levels of K, Ca, Na, and Fe were observed in the Me plants in contrast to the Re plants. The higher Re plant ability to take in some cations is a result of selective pressure due to contamination. Different ion uptake by plants affected the activities of metalloenzymes. Significant increases in the glutamic acid/proline ratio resulted from higher adaption of the Me in contrast to the Re plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pavlík
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Vondráčková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zemanová V, Pavlík M, Kyjaková P, Pavlíková D. Fatty acid profiles of ecotypes of hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens growing under cadmium stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 180:27-34. [PMID: 25886397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the fatty acid (FAs) composition in response to the extent of Cd contamination of soils (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg Cd kg(-1)) differed between ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens originating from France - Ganges, Slovenia - Mežica and Austria - Redlschlag. Mežica ecotype accumulated more Cd in aboveground biomass compared to Ganges and Redlschlag ecotypes. Hyperaccumulators contained saturated fatty acids (SFAs) rarely occurring in plants, as are cerotic (26:0), montanic (28:0), melissic (30:0) acids, and unusual unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), as are 16:2, 16:3, 20:2 and 20:3. Typical USFAs occurring in the family Brassicaceae, such as erucic, oleic and arachidonic acids, were missing in tested plants. Our results clearly indicate a relationship between Cd accumulation and the FAs composition. The content of SFAs decreased and the content of USFAs increased in aboveground biomass of Ganges and Mežica ecotypes with increasing Cd concentration. Opposite trend of FAs content was determined in Redlschlag ecotype. Linoleic (18:2n-6), α-linolenic (18:3n-3) and palmitic (16:0) acids were found in all ecotypes. The results observed in N. caerulescens ecotypes, showed that mainly Mežica ecotype has an efficient defense strategies which can be related on changes in FAs composition, mainly in VLCFAs synthesis. The most significant effect of ecotype on FAs composition was confirmed using multivariate analysis of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pavlík
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Kyjaková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kim YH, Choi YK, Park J, Lee S, Yang YH, Kim HJ, Park TJ, Hwan Kim Y, Lee SH. Ionic liquid-mediated extraction of lipids from algal biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 109:312-5. [PMID: 21601447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids from algal biomass were extracted using mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) and methanol, and fatty acid profiles of the extracted lipids were characterized in this work. Mixtures of ILs and methanol successfully dissolved biomass leaving lipids insoluble. The total contents of lipids extracted from commercial and cultivated Chlorella vulgaris were 10.6% and 11.1%, respectively, by the conventional Bligh and Dyer's method, while a mixture of [Bmim][CF(3)SO(3)] and methanol extracted 12.5% and 19.0% of the lipids, respectively. Multi-parameter regression by the linear solvation energy relationship showed that dipolarity/polarizability and hydrogen bond acidity of ILs are more important than their hydrogen bond basicity for effectively extracting lipids from algal biomass. Fatty acid profiles of the lipids extracted using IL-methanol mixtures showed that C16:0, C16:1, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids were dominant. This suggests that the lipids extracted from C. vulgaris can be used as a source of biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoo Kim
- Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Stránský K, Valterová I, Kofroňová E, Urbanová K, Zarevúcka M, Wimmer Z. Non-polar lipid components of human cerumen. Lipids 2011; 46:781-8. [PMID: 21547555 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cerumen was separated by column chromatography into the following groups of compounds: hydrocarbons, squalene, wax esters and cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols, monoacylglycerols, free cholesterol, free sterols, and free hydroxy acids. The groups of compounds obtained were examined in detail by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, about one thousand compounds have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Stránský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Cvacka J, Hovorka O, Jiros P, Kindl J, Stránský K, Valterová I. Analysis of triacylglycerols in fat body of bumblebees by chromatographic methods. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1101:226-37. [PMID: 16246355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) from the fat body of several bumblebee species (Bombus lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. hypnorum, B. hortorum, and B. confusus) were studied using chromatographic techniques. Semi-preparative thin-layer chromatography was used to isolate the TAGs from the tissue extract. Gas chromatography (GC) enabled us to identify the fatty acids (FAs) that form bumblebee TAGs and to quantify their relative proportions. The TAGs were subsequently analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. Two chromatographic systems, including non-aqueous reversed-phase chromatography and silver ion chromatography on cation exchange resin in silver (I) ionic form, were optimised and their performance compared. The most abundant fatty acids in bumblebees TAGs contained 18 or 16 carbon atoms; oleic acid predominated in most samples. TAGs were found to be a complex mixture of isomers; some of them, e.g. OLnO, PLnO, PoPoO, PoPoP, POO, or OOO (where Po is palmitoleic, P is palmitic, Ln is linolenic, and O is oleic acid) were abundant in particular species. The composition of both FAs and TAGs was found to be species-specific. Only minor differences were found among specimens of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Cvacka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Department of Natural Products, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Stránský K, Zarevúcka M, Wimmer Z. Gas chromatography analysis of blackcurrant oil in relation to its stability. Food Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stránsky K, Valterová I, Fiedler P. Nonsaponifiable lipid components of the pollen of elder (Sambucus nigra L.). J Chromatogr A 2001; 936:173-81. [PMID: 11760998 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pollen of the elder (Sambucus nigra L.) was extracted with chloroform-methanol. The extract was separated by column chromatography into the following groups of compounds: hydrocarbons (8.7%). polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (0.2%), complex esters (5.2%), triglycerides (18.7%), hydroxy esters (27.9%), free fatty acids and alcohols (16.8%), free sterols (6.8%), and triterpenic alcohols (4.0%). The nonsaponifiable components (hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, and sterols) were examined in detail using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods (IR spectroscopy, GC, and GC-MS). The identified compounds were characterized by their mass spectra and Kováts retention indices. The double bond positions and their configurations in unsaturated compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stránsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Eras J, Llovera M, Ferran X, Canela R. Propanolysis of Esters Using Chlorotrimethylsilane. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919908086082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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