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Brassolatti P, de Andrade ALM, Nishioka MA, Chieregato F, Vidal GP, Lemes KLRM, Doneda FS, de Souza JR, de Oliveira Gonçalves EL, de Rezende LF. The Clinical Impact of Different Cryolipolysis Protocols: An Integrative Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2025:10.1007/s00266-025-04864-2. [PMID: 40316791 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-025-04864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cryolipolysis is one of the main technologies used as a non-invasive treatment for reducing fat located in different body regions. The literature demonstrates significant effects in reducing fat content and indicates the safety of the technique, since the risks are low and can be avoided by taking a good initial history. The main results indicate approximately 20% reduction after treatments; however, the clinical protocols studied present significant differences related to the temperature used and the treatment time in addition to the difference between the number of exposures and the number of areas possible to be treated in the same session. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this review aimed to identify the treatment protocols presented by the authors and compare the results obtained, to clarify which protocols presented significant results to be considered in clinical use, in addition to assisting in the construction of new protocols for future applications. METHODS In the search carried out on PubMed, Lilacs and Embase, 32 articles were selected, all of which were considered for this review. RESULTS The results obtained by evaluating the studies demonstrated differences mainly in the regions of application, application time, with the most used temperature being close to - 10 °C. CONCLUSION The results found related to the technique had positive effects on all protocols, which makes it difficult to discuss the main findings and choose and/or highlight the most promising protocol. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Brassolatti
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation at Brazilian Medical Equipment Industry - Ibramed, Amparo/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Akemi Nishioka
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation at Brazilian Medical Equipment Industry - Ibramed, Amparo/SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiele Chieregato
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation at Brazilian Medical Equipment Industry - Ibramed, Amparo/SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Pontes Vidal
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | | | - Franciele Souza Doneda
- Department of Research, Development, and Innovation at Brazilian Medical Equipment Industry - Ibramed, Amparo/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Ferreira de Rezende
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Associadas de Ensino - UNIFAE, São João da Boa Vista - SP, Brazil
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Lopes-Martins RAB, Barbosa LV, Sousa MMB, Lobo AB, Santos ELDR, Sá Filho ASD, Souza MB, Jaime JC, Silva CTXD, Ruiz-Silva C, Leonardo PS. The Effects of Body Cold Exposure (Cryolipolysis) on Fat Mass and Plasma Cholesterol. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1082. [PMID: 39337866 PMCID: PMC11433038 DOI: 10.3390/life14091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigates the impact of cryolipolysis on reducing localized fat and altering plasma lipid profiles in 30 overweight and obese women. Conducted at the Health Technology Laboratory of the Evangelical University of Goiás, this clinical research adhered to stringent ethical guidelines. METHODS Participants underwent three cryolipolysis sessions, with comprehensive assessments of body composition and plasma lipids performed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Significant findings include a reduction in abdominal fat mass by an average of 4.1 kg and a decrease in BMI by 0.7 points (p < 0.05). Notably, total cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 15.7 mg/dL, and LDL cholesterol saw a reduction of 10.2 mg/dL (p < 0.01), with no significant changes in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These results suggest that cryolipolysis, in conjunction with standardized dietary control, offers a non-invasive alternative to surgical fat reduction, potentially mitigating cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the efficacy of cryolipolysis in targeted fat reduction and underscores its role in improving key cardiovascular risk factors. These findings warrant further exploration into the long-term benefits of cryolipolysis in metabolic health management and not only for aesthetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics (LABITEX), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioengenharia, Universidade Brasil, Av. Carolina Fonseca 236, Itaquera, São Paulo 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Ludymilla Vicente Barbosa
- Laboratory of Health Technologies (LATES), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Mirian Martins Barbosa Sousa
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics (LABITEX), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Anna Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics (LABITEX), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Elize Leonice da Rocha Santos
- Laboratory of Health Technologies (LATES), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Alberto Souza de Sá Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Matheus Bernardes Souza
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics (LABITEX), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Jivago Carneiro Jaime
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics (LABITEX), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Constanza Thaise Xavier da Silva
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics (LABITEX), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioengenharia, Universidade Brasil, Av. Carolina Fonseca 236, Itaquera, São Paulo 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sardinha Leonardo
- Laboratory of Health Technologies (LATES), Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Av. Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
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Alizadeh Z, Halabchi F, Bodaghabadi Z, Zarandi MM, Abolhasani M, Seifi V, Khazaei R, Ghanadi S, Mazaheri R, Tabesh MR. Non-invasive Body Contouring Technologies: An Updated Narrative Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:659-679. [PMID: 37749418 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, a lot of body contouring devices and methods are introduced all over the world. The object of the present narrative review was to update and classify existing evidence on these methods and devices. METHODS We searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for 11 essential keywords, including cryolipolysis, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), shock wave, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), radiofrequency (RF), capacitive resistive electrical transfer (TECAR), high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM), electromyostimulation (EMS), carboxytherapy, mesotherapy, and acupuncture and their abbreviations, in addition to obesity, overweight, cellulite, subcutaneous fat, and body contouring. RESULTS Totally 193 references were used in 11 main topics. CONCLUSION In order to help physicians with finding the best evidence in different methods, the data were summarised in 11 topics. Furthermore, FDA-approved devices, side effects and common protocols were described in each section. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I This journal requires that authors 39 assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full 40 description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, 41 please refer to the Table of Contents or the online 42 Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzin Halabchi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bodaghabadi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Centre, Cardiac primary prevention research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Seifi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Khazaei
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghanadi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mazaheri
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Rajabian Tabesh
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Heart Centre Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cryolipolysis on More than One Body Area Increases Lipid Peroxidation without Changing Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121690. [PMID: 36552200 PMCID: PMC9774456 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of cryolipolysis on one and multiple body areas, assessing body composition, lipid profile and peroxidation and inflammatory markers were investigated. Twenty-four women aged between 20 and 59 years were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) control, (2) cryolipolysis on the abdomen and (3) cryolipolysis on the abdomen + flanks. Anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance and ultrasound were performed, as well serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Interleukin-1β) were determined. In addition, food consumption and physical activity level were evaluated. Data were obtained at 0, 10 and 30 days (t0, t10 and t30) after cryolipolysis. Cryolipolysis did not change anthropometric measurements, body composition or lipid profile. Interestingly, the abdomen + flanks group had significantly increased plasma myeloperoxidase activity at t0, t10 and t30, and increased malondialdehyde levels at t0 and t10 when compared to the other groups. Furthermore, there were no differences between macronutrient intake and total energy value, physical activity level, malondialdehyde and interleukin-1β at t30. Cryolipolysis did not change body composition, lipid profile or inflammatory markers investigated. On the other hand, when used on the abdomen and flanks, it produced an increase in lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase.
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Resende L, Noites A, Amorim M. Application of Cryolipolysis in Adipose Tissue: Systematic Review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4122-4132. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Resende
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Health Polytechnic Institute of Porto Portugal
| | - Andreia Noites
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Polytechnic Institute of Porto Portugal
- Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR) ‐ Human Movement System (Re) habilitation Polytechnic Institute of Porto Portugal
| | - Manuela Amorim
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Health Polytechnic Institute of Porto Portugal
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Abdel-Aal NM, Mostafa MSEM, Saweres JW, Ghait RS. Cavitation and radiofrequency versus cryolipolysis on leptin regulation in central obese subjects: A randomized controlled study. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:955-963. [PMID: 35481595 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of adding ultrasound cavitation and radiofrequency versus cryolipolysis to weight reduction program on leptin, insulin, waist circumference, skinfold, body weight in central obese subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty centrally obese participants were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Subjects in the study group (I) received cavitation and radiofrequency plus dietary regimen, subjects in the second study group (II) received cryolipolysis in conjunction with the same diet program, and subjects in the control group (III) received the same dietary regimen only. Leptin, insulin level, waist circumference, skinfold, body weight, and body mass index were measured shortly before intervention techniques and 3 months afterward. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between cavitation plus radiofrequency and cryolipolysis on leptin and insulin levels after 3 months of intervention. However, statistically significant differences were found in waist circumference, skinfold, weight reduction, and body mass index in favor of the cavitation group (p < 0.05). In addition, both cavitation-radiofrequency and cryolipolysis were statistically significantly different than the diet alone in favor of the study groups (p < 0.05) in all the outcome measures. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in all outcome measures (p < 0.05) when comparing the baseline and postintervention results in each group except for leptin level in the diet group (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION Subjects who underwent cavitation plus radiofrequency had better improvement on waist circumference, skinfold, and body mass index than subjects who received cryolipolysis. However, no differences were found between cavitation plus radiofrequency and cryolipolysis on leptin and insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil M Abdel-Aal
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S E M Mostafa
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.,Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Joseph W Saweres
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy S Ghait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ponga-Manso M. Ultrasound assessment of abdominal adipose panniculus in patients treated with a single session of cryolipolysis in a clinical setting. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:307-315. [PMID: 34813151 PMCID: PMC9299458 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of cryolipolysis treatment (four‐to‐six cycles in one session) for reducing abdominal fat. Methods Retrospective study conducted on consecutive healthy women who underwent one session of cryolipolysis for abdominal fat reduction. Ultrasound images (USI) were acquired at baseline and at month 6 after treatment. A patient‐tailored approach based on adipose tissue depth and architecture was selected. Results Thirty women were included. The mean age was 51.4 ± 3.4 years, and 27 (90%) were menopausal. At month 6, the mean abdominal fat layer thickness reduction was 46.6% (41.2%–51.9%). The mean contour was significantly reduced from 84.3, 99.2, 90.6, and 97.1 cm to 81.0, 93.6, 85.8, and 92.2 cm in the infracostal, supraumbilical, umbilical, and ischiopubic regions, respectively; p < 0.0001 each. There were no significant changes in weight, body mass index, fat mass, or lean mass throughout the study. After adjusting for smoking, exercise, hypothyroidism, and type of fat, there was a significant reduction in abdominal fat layer thickness (−4.5 ± 0.9 mm, p < 0.0001) and contour measurements in infracostal (−3.3 ± 2.4 mm, p = 0.0317); supraumbilical (−4.8 ± 2.1 mm, p = 0.0254); umbilical (−5.6 ± 2.3, p = 0.0161); and ischiopubic (−4.9 ± 1.8 mm, p = 0.0080). The qualitative analysis of the USI suggested the appearance of numerous bands of ordered and structured collagen fibers. Conclusions Four‐to‐six cycles of cryolipolysis, administered in one session, seemed to be a safe and effective procedure for reducing localized fat in the abdominal region in this sample. Additionally, ultrasound images suggested that cryolipolysis was associated with a skin quality improvement and neocollagenesis.
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Cryolipolysis (CLL) for Reduction of Localized Subcutaneous Fat: Review of the Literature and an Evidence-Based Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:2163-2172. [PMID: 32696167 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, cryolipolysis (CLL), a noninvasive approach based upon the inherent sensitivity of adipocytes to cold injury, has emerged. However, it is not clear whether available evidence to date about its efficacy justifies aggressive marketing and extensive widespread application by many practitioners without well-defined indications or objectives of treatment. The current review is intended to evaluate available evidence regarding CLL mechanisms of action and its efficacy not only in fat reducing but also in its ability to result in an aesthetically optimal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus computerized medical bibliographic database was conducted with the search terms "cryolipolysis," "lipocryolysis," and "cool sculpting." Selection criteria included all matched reports with the search terms in their titles. RESULTS Thirty-two reports matched the inclusion criteria of this review. Five experimental studies were identified and included to further supplement the discussion. CONCLUSION Most reports about CLL included in this review lacked rigorous scientific methodology in study design or in outcome measurement. Serious concerns about integrity of many of these reports, particularly with respect to validity of photographic outcome documentation in addition to objectivity, conflict of interest issues, and commercial bias, have been expressed. Further research should be encouraged to prove with methodological rigor positive effects of this treatment modality and to determine categories of patients in whom most favorable outcomes might be expected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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