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Dawood RM, El-Meguid MA, Salum GM, El Awady MK. Key Players of Hepatic Fibrosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:472-489. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reham M. Dawood
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A. El-Meguid
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Maher Salum
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. El Awady
- Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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IL-4 Alleviates Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inducing Kupffer Cells M2 Polarization via STAT6-JMJD3 Pathway after Rat Liver Transplantation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2953068. [PMID: 32258110 PMCID: PMC7104314 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2953068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a problem in liver transplantation. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has been found to reduce liver IRI, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Methods Donor livers were infused with recombinant IL-4 or normal saline during cold storage, and the hepatocellular apoptosis and the inflammatory response were detected. The effect of IL-4 treatment on Kupffer cells (KCs) polarization and expression of the STAT6-JMJD3 pathway was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. KCs in donor livers were depleted by clodronate liposome treatment or JMJD3 was inhibited by GSK-J4 before liver transplantation to determine whether the protective effect of IL-4 treatment was dependent on KCs. Results IL-4 treatment decreased sALT and sAST levels and alleviated hepatocellular apoptosis and inflammation at 6 h after liver transplantation. IL-4 treatment induced KCs alternatively activated (M2) polarization in vitro. KCs in donor livers were depleted by clodronate liposome treatment or JMJD3 was inhibited by GSK-J4 before liver transplantation to determine whether the protective effect of IL-4 treatment was dependent on KCs. in vivo and in vitro. KCs in donor livers were depleted by clodronate liposome treatment or JMJD3 was inhibited by GSK-J4 before liver transplantation to determine whether the protective effect of IL-4 treatment was dependent on KCs. Conclusions IL-4 treatment-induced KCs M2 polarization was dependent on the STAT6-JMJD3 pathway and protected liver grafts from IRI after liver transplantation.
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Salvador B, Arranz A, Francisco S, Córdoba L, Punzón C, Llamas MÁ, Fresno M. Modulation of endothelial function by Toll like receptors. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:46-56. [PMID: 27073018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are able to actively control vascular permeability, coagulation, blood pressure and angiogenesis. Most recently, a role for endothelial cells in the immune response has been described. Therefore, the endothelium has a dual role controlling homeostasis but also being the first line for host defence and tissue damage repair thanks to its ability to mount an inflammatory response. Endothelial cells have been shown to express pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) including Toll-like receptors (TLR) that are activated in response to stimuli within the bloodstream including pathogens and damage signals. TLRs are strategic mediators of the immune response in endothelial cells but they also regulate the angiogenic process critical for tissue repair. Nevertheless, endothelial activation and angiogenesis can contribute to some pathologies. Thus, inappropriate endothelial activation, also known as endothelial dysfunction, through TLRs contributes to tissue damage during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia and diabetes associated cardiovascular diseases. Also TLR induced angiogenesis is required for the growth of some tumors, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. In this review we discuss the importance of various TLRs in modulating the activation of endothelial cells and their importance in immunity to infection and vascular disease as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Francisco
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Córdoba
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Punzón
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Fresno
- Diomune SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang XJ, Zhang P, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor signalings in cardiometabolic diseases. Hypertension 2015; 66:222-47. [PMID: 26077571 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.).
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Nace GW, Huang H, Klune JR, Eid RE, Rosborough BR, Korff S, Li S, Shapiro RA, Stolz DB, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ, Geller DA, Billiar TR, Tsung A. Cellular-specific role of toll-like receptor 4 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Hepatology 2013; 58:374-87. [PMID: 23460269 PMCID: PMC3688695 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process whereby an initial hypoxic insult and subsequent return of blood flow leads to the propagation of innate immune responses and organ injury. The necessity of the pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, for this innate immune response has been previously shown. However, TLR4 is present on various cell types of the liver, both immune and nonimmune cells. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of TLR4 in individual cell populations, specifically, parenchymal hepatocytes (HCs), myeloid cells, including Kupffer cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) subsequent to hepatic I/R. When HC-specific (Alb-TLR4(-/-) ) and myeloid-cell-specific (Lyz-TLR4(-/-) ) TLR4 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to warm hepatic ischemia, there was significant protection in these mice, compared to wild type (WT). However, the protection afforded in these two strains was significantly less than global TLR4 KO (TLR4(-/-) ) mice. DC-specific TLR4(-/-) (CD11c-TLR4(-/-) ) mice had significantly increased hepatocellular damage, compared to WT mice. Circulating levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were significantly reduced in Alb-TLR4(-/-) mice, compared to WT, Lyz-TLR4(-/-) , CD11c-TLR4(-/-) mice and equivalent to global TLR4(-/-) mice, suggesting that TLR4-mediated HMGB1 release from HCs may be a source of HMGB1 after I/R. HCs exposed to hypoxia responded by rapidly phosphorylating the mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, in a TLR4-dependent manner; inhibition of JNK decreased release of HMGB1 after both hypoxia in vitro and I/R in vivo. CONCLUSION These results provide insight into the individual cellular response of TLR4. The parenchymal HC is an active participant in sterile inflammatory response after I/R through TLR4-mediated activation of proinflammatory signaling and release of danger signals, such as HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Nace
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John R Klune
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Raymond E Eid
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sebastian Korff
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Richard A Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chhinder P Sodhi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Corresponding author: Allan Tsung, 3459 Fifth Avenue, UPMC Montefiore, 7 South, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, Telephone: 412-692-2001, Fax: 412-692-2002
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Jiménez-Castro MB, Elias-Miro M, Mendes-Braz M, Lemoine A, Rimola A, Rodés J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid affects PPARγ and TLR4 in Steatotic liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:3257-71. [PMID: 22994543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous steatotic livers are discarded for transplantation because of their poor tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). We examined whether tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a known inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, protects steatotic and nonsteatotic liver grafts preserved during 6 h in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and transplanted. The protective mechanisms of TUDCA were also examined. Neither unfolded protein response (UPR) induction nor ER stress was evidenced in steatotic and nonsteatotic liver grafts after 6 h in UW preservation solution. TUDCA only protected steatotic livers grafts and did so through a mechanism independent of ER stress. It reduced proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and damage. When PPARγ was activated, TUDCA did not reduce damage. TUDCA, which inhibited PPARγ, and the PPARγ antagonist treatment up-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), specifically the TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFNβ (TRIF) pathway. TLR4 agonist treatment reduced damage in steatotic liver grafts. When TLR4 action was inhibited, PPARγ antagonists did not protect steatotic liver grafts. In conclusion, TUDCA reduced PPARγ and this in turn up-regulated the TLR4 pathway, thus protecting steatotic liver grafts. TLR4 activating-based strategies could reduce the inherent risk of steatotic liver failure after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Jiménez-Castro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBPAS), Barcelona, Spain
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