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Baig N, Shetty S, Moustafa MS, Al-Mousawi S, Alameddine B. Selective removal of toxic organic dyes using Trӧger base-containing sulfone copolymers made from a metal-free thiol-yne click reaction followed by oxidation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21170-21178. [PMID: 35479362 PMCID: PMC9034147 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three copolymers TCP1–3 bearing Trӧger's base (TB) units intercalated with various thioether groups were synthesized using a catalyst-free thiol-yne click reaction. TCP1–3 display excellent solubility in common organic solvents allowing for their structural, and photophysical characterization. The thioether groups in TCP1–3 were selectively oxidized into their respective sulfone derivatives under mild oxidation reaction conditions affording the postmodified copolymers TCP4–6. Investigation of organic dye uptake from water by TCP1–6 proved their efficiency as selective adsorbents removing up to 100% of the cationic dye methylene blue (MEB) when compared to anionic dyes, such as Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO) and methyl blue (MB). The sulfone-containing copolymers TCP4–6 display superior and faster MEB removal efficiencies with respect to their corresponding synthons TCP1–3. Copolymers TCP1–3 with Trӧger's base units and aryl thioether groups were made via a click reaction. Selective oxidation of the thioethers into sulfone groups afforded TCP4–6 which display up to 100% removal efficiency of methylene blue from water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait +965 2530 7476.,Functional Materials Group, CAMB, GUST Kuwait
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait +965 2530 7476.,Functional Materials Group, CAMB, GUST Kuwait
| | | | | | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait +965 2530 7476.,Functional Materials Group, CAMB, GUST Kuwait
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3
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Dusso D, Ramirez C, Parise A, Lanza P, Vera DM, Chesta C, Moyano EL, Akhmedov NG. Synthesis of new cyano-substituted analogues of Tröger's bases from bromo-derivatives. A stereochemical dependence of long-range ( n J HH , n = 4, 5, and 6) proton-proton and proton-carbon ( n J CH , n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) coupling constants of these compounds. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:423-454. [PMID: 30937941 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A free-catalyst microwave-assisted cyanation of brominated Tröger's base derivatives (2a-f) is reported. The procedure is simple, efficient, and clean affording the nitrile compounds (3a-e, I) in very good yields. Complete assignment of 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts of 2a-f, I and 3a-d, I was achieved using gradient selected 1D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques (1D zTOCSY, PSYCHE, DPFGSE NOE, and DEPT), homonuclear 2D NMR techniques (gCOSY and zTOCSY), and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques (gHSQCAD/or pure-shift gHSQCAD, gHMBCAD, bsHSQCNOESY, and gHSQCAD-TOCSY) with adiabatic pulses. Determination of the long-range proton-proton coupling constants n JHH (n = 4, 5, 6) was accomplished by simultaneous irradiation of two protons at appropriate power levels. In turn, determined coupling constants were tested by an iterative simulation program by calculating the 1 H NMR spectrum and comparing it to the experimental spectrum. The excitation-sculptured indirect-detection experiment (EXSIDE) and 1 H-15 N CIGARAD-HMBC (constant time inverse-detection gradient accordion rescaled heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) were applied for determination of long-range carbon-proton coupling constants n JCH (n = 2, 3, and 4) and for assignment of 15 N chemical shift at natural abundance, respectively. DFT/B3LYP optimization studies were performed in order to determine the geometry of 2c using 6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), and 6-311 + G(d,p) basis sets. For calculation of 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts, n JHH (n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), and n JCH (n = 1, 2, 3, and 4) coupling constants, the GIAO method was employed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p), B3LYP/cc-pVTZ), and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) levels of theory. For the first time, a stereochemical dependence magnitude of the long-range n JHH (n = 4, 5, and 6) and n JCH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) have been found in bromo-substituted analogues of Tröger's bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dusso
- INFIQC-Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina Ramirez
- QUIAMM-INBIOTEC-Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Parise
- QUIAMM-INBIOTEC-Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - P Lanza
- QUIAMM-INBIOTEC-Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - D Mariano Vera
- QUIAMM-INBIOTEC-Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Chesta
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E Laura Moyano
- INFIQC-Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Novruz G Akhmedov
- Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Xu L, Yan X, Yuan C. An unexpected dual-response pH probe based on acridine. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35289-35293. [PMID: 35547025 PMCID: PMC9087899 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new pH fluorescent probe 2,8-bis(acridin-9-ylethynyl)-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (TBN), which has two acridine moieties attached to Tröger's base, is a useful fluorescent probe for monitoring extreme acidic and alkaline pH. TBN displays an excellent pH dependent behavior and responds linearly to extreme conditions in the pH ranges of 1.4–3.4 and 12.5–15.0. TBN can represent a novel type of fluorescent probe with perfect emission properties in extreme acidic and alkaline conditions by utilizing only one functional group. A novel pH fluorescence probe for monitoring extreme acidic and alkaline pH which responds linearly to extreme conditions in the pH ranges of 1.4–3.4 and 12.5–15.0 by utilizing only the acridine moiety.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Yan
- Department of Periodontology
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
- P. R. China
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Li W, Otsuka M, Kato T, Wang Y, Mori T, Michinobu T. 3,6-Carbazole vs 2,7-carbazole: A comparative study of hole-transporting polymeric materials for inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1401-9. [PMID: 27559390 PMCID: PMC4979756 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever increasing demand for clean energy has encouraged researchers to intensively investigate environmentally friendly photovoltaic devices. Inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are very promising due to their potentials of easy fabrication processes and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Designing hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is one of the key factors in achieving the high PCEs of PSCs. We now report the synthesis of two types of carbazole-based polymers, namely 3,6-Cbz-EDOT and 2,7-Cbz-EDOT, by Stille polycondensation. Despite the same chemical composition, 3,6-Cbz-EDOT and 2,7-Cbz-EDOT displayed different optical and electrochemical properties due to the different connectivity mode of the carbazole unit. Therefore, their performances as hole-transporting polymeric materials in the PSCs were also different. The device based on 2,7-Cbz-EDOT showed better photovoltaic properties with the PCE of 4.47% than that based on 3,6-Cbz-EDOT. This could be due to its more suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and higher hole mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan and
| | - Munechika Otsuka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | - Takehito Kato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan and
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan and
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan and
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Reddy MB, Reddy PG, Shailaja M, Manjula A, Rao TP. CuI-catalyzed amination of Tröger's base halides: a convenient method for synthesis of unsymmetrical Tröger's bases. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient Ullmann type copper catalyzed amination method has been developed for direct amination of halogen substituted Tröger's base analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda Bhaskar Reddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Potuganti Gal Reddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Myadaraboina Shailaja
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Alla Manjula
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Tadikamalla Prabhakar Rao
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Structural Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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