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Li K, Peng L, Li J, Zhu X. Multi-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by amphiphilic cellulose nanocrystals for building smart release systems of hydrophobic drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2025; 355:123348. [PMID: 40037723 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were first extracted from peanut shells. Then, the monomers DMAEMA and MAA were grafted on the surface of CNC using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to prepare multi-stimuli responsive nanoparticles (CNC/PDM), and they were used to stabilize Pickering emulsions. The effects of such factors as pH, nanoparticle concentration, water-to-oil ratio, and oil polarity on the stability of Pickering emulsions were investigated in detail. Pickering emulsions showed good smart response properties in pH, temperature and CO2 environmental stimuli. At the same time, the emulsifier showed excellent stability in various real oil phases, which had a wide range of practical applications. In addition, curcumin was encapsulated in the oil phase of the emulsions and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined to be higher than 80 %. Simulated in vitro digestion experiments revealed that both the release of free fatty acids and the bioaccessibility of curcumin in curcumin-loaded emulsions were dramatically improved (bioaccessibility increased by about 4.3 times). Consequently, the present study provided an effective strategy for the preparation of multi-responsive Pickering emulsions, which offered new perspectives for improving the bioavailability of fat-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Lifei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
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Vagenas D, Pispas S. Triple Hydrophilic Statistical Terpolymers via RAFT Polymerization: Synthesis and Properties in Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112492. [PMID: 37299291 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of novel triple hydrophilic statistical terpolymers consisting of three different methacrylate monomers with varying degrees of responsivity to solution conditions. Terpolymers of the type poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate-co-oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate), P(DEGMA-co-DMAEMA-co-OEGMA), and of different compositions, were prepared by using the RAFT methodology. Their molecular characterization was carried out using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and spectroscopic techniques, including 1H-NMR and ATR-FTIR. Studies in dilute aqueous media by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS and ELS) show their potential responsiveness regarding changes in temperature, pH, and kosmotropic salt concentration. Finally, the change in hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the formed terpolymer nanoparticles during heating and cooling was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) in conjunction with pyrene giving additional information on the responsiveness and internal structure of the self-assembled nanoaggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Vagenas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly of Poly(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate-co-(oligo ethylene glycol)methacrylate) Random Copolymers and Their Modified Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061519. [PMID: 36987299 PMCID: PMC10059824 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis and the stimuli-responsive self-assembly behavior of novel double-hydrophilic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-(oligo ethylene glycol)methacrylate) random copolymers and their chemically modified derivatives are presented. The synthesis of P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) copolymers of different DMAEMA mass compositions was successfully conducted through RAFT polymerization, further followed by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic quaternization with methyl iodide (CH3I), 1-iodohexane (C6H13I), and 1-iodododecane (C12H25I). The tertiary and quaternary amines are randomly arranged within the DMAEMA segment, responding thus to pH, temperature, and salt alterations in aqueous solutions. Light scattering techniques elucidated the intramolecular self-folding and intermolecular self-assembly of polymer chains of P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) copolymers upon exposure to different pHs and temperatures. Q(P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA)) cationic polyelectrolytes demonstrated moderate response to pH, temperature, and ionic strength as a result of the permanent hydrophilic/hydrophobic profile, closely connected with the attached alkyl chains and the quaternization degree. Moreover, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements confirmed the internal micropolarity and the picture of the aggregate inner structure.
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Chrysostomou V, Foryś A, Trzebicka B, Demetzos C, Pispas S. Amphiphilic Copolymer-Lipid Chimeric Nanosystems as DNA Vectors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224901. [PMID: 36433029 PMCID: PMC9699196 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-polymer chimeric (hybrid) nanosystems are promising platforms for the design of effective gene delivery vectors. In this regard, we developed DNA nanocarriers comprised of a novel poly[(stearyl methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(SMA-co-OEGMA)] amphiphilic random copolymer, the cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP), and the zwitterionic L-α-phosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated soybean (soy) (HSPC) lipids. Chimeric HSPC:DOTAP:P[(SMA-co-OEGMA)] nanosystems, and pure lipid nanosystems as reference, were prepared in several molar ratios of the components. The colloidal dispersions obtained presented well-defined physicochemical characteristics and were further utilized for the formation of lipoplexes with a model DNA of linear topology containing 113 base pairs. Nanosized complexes were formed through the electrostatic interaction of the cationic lipid and phosphate groups of DNA, as observed by dynamic, static, and electrophoretic light scattering techniques. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy disclosed the strong binding affinity of the chimeric and also the pure lipid nanosystems to DNA. Colloidally stable chimeric/lipid complexes were formed, whose physicochemical characteristics depend on the N/P ratio and on the molar ratio of the building components. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) revealed the formation of nanosystems with vesicular morphology. The results suggest the successful fabrication of these novel chimeric nanosystems with well-defined physicochemical characteristics, which can form stable lipoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Chrysostomou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksander Foryś
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107273824
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Tomara M, Selianitis D, Pispas S. Dual-Responsive Amphiphilic P(DMAEMA-co-LMA-co-OEGMA) Terpolymer Nano-Assemblies in Aqueous Media. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213791. [PMID: 36364568 PMCID: PMC9659099 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the synthesis and self-assembly of a novel series of dual-responsive poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate-co-laurylmethacrylate-co-(oligoethyleneglycol)methacrylate], P(DMAEMA-co-LMA-co-OEGMA)statistical terpolymers in aqueous solutions. Five P(DMAEMA-co-LMA-co-OEGMA) amphiphilic terpolymers, having different content of the three monomers, were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The success of the synthesis was confirmed by the molecular characterization of the terpolymers via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for the determination of molecular weights and the molecular weight distributions. By using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, it was possible to determine the exact composition of the terpolymers. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) indicated the formation of P(DMAEMA-co-LMA-co-OEGMA) unimolecular or multichain aggregates in aqueous solutions, as a response to pH, temperature and ionic strength changes, with their dimensions being largely affected. The amphiphilic terpolymers were able to encapsulate the hydrophobic drug curcumin (CUR) and demonstrate stability to fetal bovine serum (FBS) solutions. These terpolymer aggregates were studied by DLS, FS and UV-Vis, and it was found that they may have been used as potential nanocarriers for drug delivery and bio-imaging applications.
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Synthesis and thermoresponsive properties of polymethacrylate molecular brushes with oligo(ethylene glycol)-block-oligo(propylene glycol) side chains. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hibino M, Tanaka K, Ouchi M, Terashima T. Amphiphilic Random-Block Copolymer Micelles in Water: Precise and Dynamic Self-Assembly Controlled by Random Copolymer Association. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hibino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Hybrid Perovskite/Polymer Materials: Preparation and Physicochemical Properties. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the preparation, the optical properties, and the stability over time of a colloidal organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3)/random copolymer P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) system. Different ratios of perovskite to copolymer were used to study its effect on stability and properties. The optical properties were investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering was used to determine the size, and the size polydispersity of the colloidal hybrid particles; while morphology was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Photoluminescence decay studies revealed the interaction of the random copolymer with the perovskite. Finally, thin-films were prepared, to investigate the optical properties of the samples in the absence of the solvent. High temporal stability of the optical properties of thin hybrid films was observed under certain conditions.
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Playing construction with the monomer toy box for the synthesis of multi‐stimuli responsive copolymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Selianitis D, Pispas S. Multi-responsive poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl methacrylate)-co-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) hyperbranched copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-responsive P(OEGMA-co-DIPAEMA) hyperbranched copolymers are synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The copolymers form different aggregates in aqueous media depending on solution pH, temperature and copolymer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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