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Carcione R, Pescosolido F, Montaina L, Toschi F, Orlanducci S, Tamburri E, Battistoni S. Self-Standing 3D-Printed PEGDA-PANIs Electroconductive Hydrogel Composites for pH Monitoring. Gels 2023; 9:784. [PMID: 37888357 PMCID: PMC10606186 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing processes, is introducing new possibilities in electronic, biomedical, sensor-designing, and wearable technologies. In this context, the present work focuses on the development of flexible 3D-printed polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)- sulfonated polyaniline (PANIs) electrically conductive hydrogels (ECHs) for pH-monitoring applications. PEGDA platforms are 3D printed by a stereolithography (SLA) approach. Here, we report the successful realization of PEGDA-PANIs electroconductive hydrogel (ECH) composites produced by an in situ chemical oxidative co-polymerization of aniline (ANI) and aniline 2-sulfonic acid (ANIs) monomers at a 1:1 equimolar ratio in acidic medium. The morphological and functional properties of PEGDA-PANIs are compared to those of PEGDA-PANI composites by coupling SEM, swelling degree, I-V, and electro-chemo-mechanical analyses. The differences are discussed as a function of morphological, structural, and charge transfer/transport properties of the respective PANIs and PANI filler. Our investigation showed that the electrochemical activity of PANIs allows for the exploitation of the PEGDA-PANIs composite as an electrode material for pH monitoring in a linear range compatible with that of most biofluids. This feature, combined with the superior electromechanical behavior, swelling capacity, and water retention properties, makes PEGDA-PANIs hydrogel a promising active material for developing advanced biomedical, soft tissue, and biocompatible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Carcione
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (CNR-IMEM), Parco Area delle Scienze 37A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pescosolido
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche & UdR INSTM di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”—Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.M.); (S.O.)
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Montaina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche & UdR INSTM di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”—Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Francesco Toschi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia—CNR (ISM-CNR) & EuroFEL Support Laboratory (EFSL), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy;
| | - Silvia Orlanducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche & UdR INSTM di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”—Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Emanuela Tamburri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche & UdR INSTM di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”—Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.M.); (S.O.)
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Battistoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (CNR-IMEM), Parco Area delle Scienze 37A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
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Comparative Studies on Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Electroactive Polyamic Acid and Corresponding Polyimide without/with Attached Sulfonated Group for Electrochemical Sensing of Ascorbic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173487. [PMID: 36080561 PMCID: PMC9460801 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, electroactive poly (amic acid) (EPAA) and corresponding polyimide (EPI) without or with a sulfonated group (i.e., S-EPAA, and S-EPI) were prepared and applied in electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid (AA). The electroactive polymers (EAPs) containing EPAA/EPI and S-EPAA/S-EPI were synthesized by using an amine-capped aniline trimer (ACAT) and sulfonated amine-capped aniline trimer (S-ACAT) as an electroactive segment that controlled the redox capability and influenced the degree of sensitivity of the EAPs towards AA. Characterization of the as-prepared EAPs was identified by FTIR spectra. The redox capability of the EAPs was investigated by electrochemical cyclic voltammetric studies. It should be noted that the redox capability of the EAPs was found to show the following trend: S-EPAA > S-EPI > EPAA > EPI. For the electrochemical sensing studies, a sensor constructed from an S-EPAA-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) demonstrated 2-fold, 1.27-fold, and 1.35-fold higher electro-catalytic activity towards the oxidation of AA, compared to those constructed using a bare CPE, S-EPI-, and EPI/EPAA-modified CPE, respectively. The higher redox capability of S-EPAA-modified CPE exhibited a good electrochemical response towards AA at a low oxidative potential, with good stability and selectivity. Moreover, an electrochemical sensor constructed from S-EPAA-modified CPE was found to reveal better selectivity for a tertiary mixture of AA/DA/UA, as compared to that of EPI-modified, EPAA-modified and S-EPI-modified CPE, based on a series of differential pulse voltammograms.
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Luo KH, Chen RD, Hsu CH, Li WT, Yan M, Chin TY, Yeh JM. Effect of Sulfonation Group on Polyaniline Copolymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering with Laminin Treatment under Electrical Stimulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3778-3787. [PMID: 35831781 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated copolyanilines (SPANs), SPAN-40 and SPAN-75, were prepared and applied in this tissue engineering study. SPAN scaffolds (SPANs) and control group polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized by performing oxidative polymerization. To further research the effects of neuron regeneration, PC12 cells were cultured on as-prepared PANI and SPANs with laminin (La) treatment under electrical stimulation. The effects on PC12 cell differentiation were investigated by controlling the amount of sulfonated groups (-SO3H) in the SPAN chain, the electrical stimulation voltage, and the presence or absence of La coating. The adhesion and proliferation of cells increased with the degree of sulfonation; La and electrical stimulation further promoted neuronal cell differentiation as increased neurite length was demonstrated in the micrograph analyses. In summary, the sulfonated copolyaniline coated with La had the best effect on neuronal differentiation under electrical stimulation, suggesting its potential as a substrate for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Rui-Da Chen
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tyng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Minsi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
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Alhweij H, Amura I, Wenk J, Emanuelsson EAC, Shahid S. Self‐doped sulfonated polyaniline ultrafiltration membranes with enhanced chlorine resistance and antifouling properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alhweij
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
- Department of Process engineering Stantec UK Limited, Dominion House Warrington UK
| | - Ida Amura
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Salman Shahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
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Andriianova AN, Biglova YN, Mustafin AG. Effect of structural factors on the physicochemical properties of functionalized polyanilines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7468-7491. [PMID: 35492197 PMCID: PMC9049894 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the physical and physicochemical properties of polyaniline (PANI) derivatives. The most important methods for the preparation of functionalized polyanilines are presented. The presence of various substituents in its structure changes the polymer characteristics significantly due to steric and electronic effects of the functional groups. This review describes the relationship between the properties of functionalized polyanilines depending on the nature, number and position of the substituents at the aromatic ring. The review describes the relationship between the properties of functionalized polyanilines depending on the nature of the substituents at the aromatic ring.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akhat G. Mustafin
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 450054 Ufa
- Russian Federation
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Zhang J, Xing A, Jia B, Liu X. Synthesis of conductive polyaniline nanofibers in one step by protonic acid and iodine doping. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318806979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, protonic acid and iodine-doped conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were successfully fabricated in one step using ammonium persulfate (APS) and potassium biiodate (KH(IO3)2) as the co-oxidant. The resultant PANI nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry and the standard four-probe technique. Additionally, the molecular weight of the conductive PANI nanofibers was measured using a viscometer. It is found that the PANI nanofibers are codoped with protonic acid (hydrochloric acid and iodic acid) and iodine (I3 − and I5 −), and the KH(IO3)2 shows a significant acceleration effect for the oxidation polymerization of aniline. The conductivity of PANI reaches 21 S·cm−1, which is much higher than that of another PANI prepared by APS. This is ascribed to the iodine-doping effect and the nanofibers’ morphology. Additionally, the reaction mechanism of PANI is systematically discussed, and the codoped mechanism is proposed. Systematic investigations indicate that APS/KH(IO3)2 is an excellent co-oxidant for the preparation of highly conductive PANI nanofibers in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composites and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - An Xing
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composites and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi Jia
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composites and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composites and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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Chi M, Wang S, Liang Y, Chao D, Wang C. Electroactive self-doped poly(amic acid) with oligoaniline and sulfonic acid groups: synthesis and electrochemical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 423:7-12. [PMID: 24703661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel poly(amic acid) with pendant aniline tetramer and sulfonic acid groups (ESPAA) was synthesized by ternary polymerization and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra, ((1))H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The polymer showed good thermal stability and excellent solubility in the common organic solvents. The electrochemical properties were investigated carefully on a CHI 660A Electrochemical Workstation. The polymer displayed good electroactivity in acid, neutral and even in alkaline solutions (pH=1-10) due to the self-doping effect between aniline tetramer and sulfonic/carboxylic acid groups. It also exhibited satisfactory electrochromic performance with high contrast value, acceptable coloration efficiency and fast switching time in the range of pH=1-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqiang Chi
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Danming Chao
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Ce Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Min Y, Yang Y, Poojari Y, Liu Y, Wu JC, Hansford DJ, Epstein AJ. Sulfonated Polyaniline-Based Organic Electrodes for Controlled Electrical Stimulation of Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1727-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301221t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min
- Institute of Advanced
Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, People’s
Republic of China
| | | | | | - Yidong Liu
- Institute of Advanced
Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, People’s
Republic of China
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Yeh LC, Dai CF, Yeh JM, Hsieh PY, Wei Y, Chin TY, Hsu MY, Chen-Yang YW. Neat poly(ortho-methoxyaniline) electrospun nanofibers for neural stem cell differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5469-5477. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Molecular architecture and solid-state properties of novel biocompatible PBS-based copolyesters containing sulphur atoms. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liao Y, Strong V, Chian W, Wang X, Li XG, Kaner RB. Sulfonated Polyaniline Nanostructures Synthesized via Rapid Initiated Copolymerization with Controllable Morphology, Size, and Electrical Properties. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2024446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,
516 Jun-Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, College of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569
| | - Veronica Strong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569
| | - Wei Chian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,
516 Jun-Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,
516 Jun-Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin-Gui Li
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, College of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Richard B. Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569
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