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Darghiasi SF, Farazin A, Ghazali HS. Design of bone scaffolds with calcium phosphate and its derivatives by 3D printing: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106391. [PMID: 38211501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a fascinating field that combines biology, engineering, and medicine to create artificial tissues and organs. It involves using living cells, biomaterials, and bioengineering techniques to develop functional tissues that can be used to replace or repair damaged or diseased organs in the human body. The process typically starts by obtaining cells from the patient or a donor. These cells are then cultured and grown in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Scaffold materials, such as biodegradable polymers or natural extracellular matrices, are used to provide support and structure for the growing cells. 3D bone scaffolds are a fascinating application within the field of tissue engineering. These scaffolds are designed to mimic the structure and properties of natural bone tissue and serve as a temporary framework for new bone growth. The main purpose of a 3D bone scaffold is to provide mechanical support to the surrounding cells and guide their growth in a specific direction. It acts as a template, encouraging the formation of new bone tissue by providing a framework for cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate. These scaffolds are typically fabricated using biocompatible materials like ceramics, polymers, or a combination of both. The choice of material depends on factors such as strength, biodegradability, and the ability to facilitate cell adhesion and growth. Advanced techniques like 3D printing have revolutionized the fabrication process of these scaffolds. Using precise layer-by-layer deposition, it allows for the creation of complex, patient-specific geometries, mimicking the intricacies of natural bone structure. This article offers a brief overview of the latest developments in the research and development of 3D printing techniques for creating scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Farnaz Darghiasi
- Department of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Farazin
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Hanieh Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
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Dargaville TR, Harkin DG, Park JR, Cavalcanti A, Bolle ECL, Savi FM, Farrugia BL, Monnery BD, Bernhard Y, Van Guyse JFR, Podevyn A, Hoogenboom R. Poly(2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Hydrogels: From Accelerated Gelation Kinetics to In Vivo Compatibility in a Murine Subdermal Implant Model. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1590-1599. [PMID: 33764748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid photo-curing system based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-co-2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline) and its in vivo compatibility are presented. The base polymer was synthesized from the copolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and the methyl ester containing 2-methoxycarboxypropyl-2-oxazoline (C3MestOx) followed by amidation with allylamine to yield a highly water-soluble macromer. We showed that spherical hydrogels can be obtained by a simple water-in-oil gelation method using thiol-ene coupling and investigated the in vivo biocompatibility of these hydrogel spheres in a 28-day murine subdermal model. For comparison, hydrogel spheres prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) were also implanted. Both materials displayed mild, yet typical foreign body responses with little signs of fibrosis. This is the first report on the foreign body response of a poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogel, which paves the way for future investigations into how this highly tailorable class of materials can be used for implantable hydrogel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Dargaville
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Damien G Harkin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Jong-Ryul Park
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Cavalcanti
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Eleonore C L Bolle
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bryn D Monnery
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yann Bernhard
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelore Podevyn
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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