1
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Roopsung N, Sugawara A, Hsu YI, Asoh TA, Uyama H. Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Gradient Hydrogel Actuators with Controllable Bending Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300205. [PMID: 37335985 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators are being increasingly used in microtechnology, but typical bilayer hydrogel actuators have significant drawbacks due to weak adhesive interface between the two layers. In this study, thermoresponsive single-layer hydrogel actuators are produced by generating a gradient distribution of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel network by electrophoresis. Tunable bending properties of the composite hydrogels, such as the thermoresponsive bending speed and angle, are realized by varying the electrophoresis time, applied voltage, and CNC concentration. By varying these conditions, the gradient distribution of the CNCs can be optimized, leading to fast bending and large bending angles of the hydrogels. Bending properties are attributed to the gradient distribution of CNCs causing different deswelling rates across the hydrogel network owing to reinforcing effects. Bending ability is also influenced by differences in the CNC dimensions based on the sources of cellulose, which determine the rigidity of the CNC-rich layer of the polymer composite. It is thus shown that thermoresponsive single-layer gradient hydrogels with tunable bending properties can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontarin Roopsung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihide Sugawara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Fan GL, Wang SW, Zhang YY, Liu ZT, Liu ZW, Wang L, Jiang JQ, Li G. Programmable Thermo-Responsive Actuation of Hydrogels via Light-Guided Surface Growth of Active Layers on Shape Memory Substrates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200705. [PMID: 36461768 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel shape memory and actuating functionalities are heavily pursued and have found great potential in various application fields. However, their combination for more flexible and complicated morphing behaviors is still challenging. Herein, it is reported that by controlling the light-initiated polymerization of active hydrogel layers on shape memory hydrogel substrates, advanced morphing behaviors based on programmable hydrogel shapes and actuating trajectories are realized. The formation and photo-reduction-induced dissociation of Fe3+ -carboxylate coordination endow the hydrogel substrates with the shape memory functionality. The photo-reduced Fe2+ ions can diffuse from the substrates into the monomer solutions to initiate the polymerization of the thermally responsive active layers, whose actuating temperatures and amplitudes can be facially tuned by controlling their thicknesses and compositions. One potential application, a shape-programmable 3D hook that can lift an object with a specific shape, is also unveiled. The demonstrated strategy is extendable to other hydrogel systems to realize more versatile and complicated actuating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 71006, China.,Sichuan Dongshu New Materials Co., Ltd., Deyang, Sichuan Province, 618000, China
| | - Shu-Wei Wang
- Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Defense Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030008, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 71006, China
| | - Zhao-Tie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 71006, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 71006, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 71006, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 71006, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 71006, China
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3
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Zhu T, Ni Y, Biesold GM, Cheng Y, Ge M, Li H, Huang J, Lin Z, Lai Y. Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:473-509. [PMID: 36484322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional conductive hydrogels for electronic devices. First, conductive hydrogels with different components are discussed, including pure single network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, single network hydrogels with additional conductive additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets), double network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, and double network hydrogels with additional conductive additives. Second, conductive hydrogels with a variety of functionalities, including self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory and external stimulus responsiveness are introduced in detail. Third, the applications of hydrogels in flexible devices are illustrated (i.e., strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, and robot). Next, the current challenges facing hydrogels are summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims to drive further development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
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4
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Wang HX, Zhao XY, Jiang JQ, Liu ZT, Liu ZW, Li G. Thermal-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators with Photo-Programmable Shapes and Actuating Trajectories. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51244-51252. [PMID: 36397310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermal-responsive hydrogel actuators have aroused a wide scope of research interest and have been extensively studied. However, their actuating behaviors are usually monotonous due to their unchangeable shapes and structures. Here, we report thermal-responsive poly(isopropylacrylamide-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/alginate hydrogels with programmable external shapes and internal actuating trajectories. The volume phase transition temperatures of the resulting hydrogels can be tuned in a wide temperature range from 32 to above 50 °C by adjusting the monomer composition. While the formation and photo-dissociation of Fe3+-carboxylate tri-coordinates within the entire hydrogel network enable photo-responsive shape memory property, the insufficient dissociation of the tri-coordinates along the irradiation path gives rise to gradient crosslinking for realizing thermal-responsive actuation. Controlling the evolution of the gradient structure facilitates the regulation of the actuating amplitude. Furthermore, we show that the combination of these two types of shape-changing functionalities leads to more flexible and intricate shape-changing behaviors. One interesting application, a programmable hook with changeable actuating behaviors for lifting different objects with specific shapes, is also demonstrated. The proposed strategy can be extended to other types of actuating hydrogels with more advanced actuating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhao-Tie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
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5
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Q, Shang L. Smart Film Actuators for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105116. [PMID: 35038215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from the extremely flexible motion abilities in natural organisms, soft actuators have emerged in the past few decades. Particularly, smart film actuators (SFAs) demonstrate unique superiority in easy fabrication, tailorable geometric configurations, and programmable 3D deformations. Thus, they are promising in many biomedical applications, such as soft robotics, tissue engineering, delivery system, and organ-on-a-chip. In this review, the latest achievements of SFAs applied in biomedical fields are summarized. The authors start by introducing the fabrication techniques of SFAs, then shift to the topology design of SFAs, followed by their material selections and distinct actuating mechanisms. After that, their biomedical applications are categorized in practical aspects. The challenges and prospects of this field are finally discussed. The authors believe that this review can boost the development of soft robotics, biomimetics, and human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Fan G, Jiang J, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li G. Light-Guided Growth of Gradient Hydrogels with Programmable Geometries and Thermally Responsive Actuations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29188-29196. [PMID: 35709501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel actuators have gained considerable interest and experienced significant advancements in recent years. However, the programming of their actuating behaviors is still challenging. Herein, we report the development and regulation of gradient structures of hydrogels for programmable thermally responsive actuating behaviors. The hydrogel actuators are developed by controlling the photoreduction of Fe3+ ions coordinated with carboxylate groups from the substrates and their limited diffusion into the precursor solutions to act as both initiators and crosslinkers. The developed hydrogels show well-defined external geometries and controllable thicknesses under spatiotemporal control of ultraviolet irradiation. The shapes and the actuation amplitudes of the hydrogel actuators can be independently regulated by controlling the formation and photodissociation of Fe3+-carboxylate coordination in the formed gradient networks. Some interesting applications such as the lifting of an object with a specific shape and directional walking are realized. The proposed method can be extended to other hydrogel actuators with different compositions and stimuli-responsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guanglin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
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7
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Li Z, Cai J, Wei M, Chen J. An UV-photo and ionic dual responsive interpenetrating network hydrogel with shape memory and self-healing properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15105-15114. [PMID: 35693233 PMCID: PMC9116958 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00619g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape memory hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in fields such as artificial tissues, biomimetic devices and diagnostics, and intelligent biosensors. However, the practical applications were hindered by the absence of self-healing capability and multi-stimuli-responsiveness. To address these issues, we developed a shape memory hydrogel with self-healing and dual stimuli-response performance. The hydrogel system was constructed via an interpenetrating network consisting of in situ radical polymerization and host-guest interaction. The hydrogel exhibited rapid self-healing property, which can be stretched after self-healing for 1 min at 25 °C. Besides, the hydrogel displayed varied swelling performance in different light or solvent conditions. Moreover, the hydrogel showed a dual stimuli-responsive shape memory effect to ultraviolet (UV) light and ionic strength in 1 min. Such a shape memory hydrogel with self-healing ability and multi-stimuli-responsive properties will offer an option toward intelligent soft materials for biomedical and bionic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Jiwei Cai
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Miaohan Wei
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China
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8
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Lee SR, Reichmanis E, Srinivasarao M. Anisotropic Responsive Microgels Based on the Cholesteric Phase of Chitin Nanocrystals. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:96-102. [PMID: 35574788 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropic stimuli-responsive microgels based upon the cholesteric phase of chitin nanocrystals and N-isopropylacrylamide were designed and synthesized. The cholesteric structure was interrogated, and the texture was shown to directly influence the microgel shape and anisotropy. Changes in the microgel volume led to changes in the texture, where microgels comprising up to six bands exhibited a twisted bipolar texture, while those with greater volumes displayed a concentric-packing structure. As designed, the imprinted cholesteric phase induced an asymmetric response to temperature, leading to a change in shape and optical properties. Furthermore, the cholesteric structure is able to deform, facilitating transport into a small channel. Access to synthetic structures having a self-assembled twisted texture derived from cholesterics embedded within a polymer matrix will provide guidelines for designing biopolymer composites with programmable motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin R. Lee
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Mohan Srinivasarao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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9
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Liu D, Yin G, Le X, Chen T. Supramolecular topological hydrogels: from material design to applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular topological hydrogels are constructed by introducing different dynamic topological structures into polymeric networks and thus exhibit a wide variety of stimuli-responsive properties and versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Li X, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Hou Y, Xu X, Liu Q. A programmable bilayer hydrogel actuator based on the asymmetric distribution of crystalline regions. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:120-130. [PMID: 34889938 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy to fabricate bilayer hydrogel actuators based on the asymmetric distribution of crystalline regions across the bilayer structures was proposed. By employing PVA polymer chains into an alkali solvent-derived chitosan hydrogel matrix, chitosan/PVA hybrid bilayer hydrogels with both excellent responsive bending and mechanical properties were obtained as pH-controlled manipulators. In the design, the chitosan/PVA hydrogels upon treatment with freeze-thawing cycles were taken as the first monolayer, where excessive crystalline regions appeared. The original chitosan/PVA hydrogel as the second monolayer was then integrated into one bilayer device through the chemical-crosslinking of epichlorohydrin at the interface. The results showed that the resultant chitosan/PVA bilayer hydrogel actuator with a weight ratio of 3 : 1 displayed better sensitivity upon exposure to stimuli. The actuation behaviors are strongly dependent on experimental parameters such as the pH, PVA content and the chemical-crosslinking density. It is proposed that the driving force originates from the asymmetric distribution of crystalline regions, thus resulting in differential swelling ratios between the monolayers. In addition, programmable 3D shape transformations were achieved by using the bilayer hydrogel with designed 2D geometric patterns, and the tailored gripper-like hydrogel actuator can successfully capture and transport the cargo. Moreover, this actuation behavior can be erased and re-written on demand under certain conditions. Taking advantage of this universal strategy, more attractive actuators derived from synthetic or natural polymers in combination with PVA are highly expected, which can be used as smart soft robots in various fields such as manipulators, grippers, and cantilever sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Jiancaoping District, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Yue Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Jiancaoping District, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Jiancaoping District, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Yarui Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Jiancaoping District, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qingye Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Jiancaoping District, Taiyuan 030051, China.
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11
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Wang H, Liu Z, Liu Z, Jiang J, Li G. Photo-Dissociable Fe 3+-Carboxylate Coordination: A General Approach toward Hydrogels with Shape Programming and Active Morphing Functionalities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59310-59319. [PMID: 34865479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An extendable double network design for hydrogels with programmable external geometries and actuating trajectories is presented. Chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide as the first network penetrated with linear alginate chains is prepared for demonstration. The coordination of Fe3+ ions with carboxylate groups in alginate chains acts as the second network, and its dissociation through photoreduction is utilized to realize the photoresponsive shape memory property; the shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio both exceed 90%. The gradient dissociation of Fe3+-carboxylate coordination under UV facilitates 3D programming of hydrogel geometry. On another aspect, the resulted cross-linking gradient differentiates the extent and rate of solvent-induced volume change of the PAAm network, endowing the hydrogel with photo-programmable solvent-driven actuating behavior. Furthermore, by inducing the formation of Fe3+-carboxylate coordination within the entire network for shape programming and cross-linking gradients in specific regions as active joints, hydrogels with designed actuating behaviors based on specific 3D shapes are realized. The shape memory and active morphing functionalities enabled by photo-dissociable Fe3+-carboxylate coordination in PAAm hydrogel can be generally extended to other hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
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12
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Feng L, Shi W, Chen Q, Cheng H, Bao J, Jiang C, Zhao W, Zhao C. Smart Asymmetric Hydrogel with Integrated Multi-Functions of NIR-Triggered Tunable Adhesion, Self-Deformation, and Bacterial Eradication. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100784. [PMID: 34050632 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional hydrogels acting as wound dressing have received extensive attention in soft tissue repair; however, it is still a challenge to develop a non-antibiotic-dependent antibacterial hydrogel that has tunable adhesion and deformation to achieve on-demand removal. Herein, an asymmetric adhesive hydrogel with near-infrared (NIR)-triggered tunable adhesion, self-deformation, and bacterial eradication is designed. The hydrogel is prepared by the crosslinking polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid, during the sedimentation of conductive PPy-PDA nanoparticles based on the polymerization of pyrrole (Py) and dopamine (DA). Due to the conversion capacity from NIR light into heat for PPy-PDA NPs, the formed temperature-sensitive hydrogel exhibits tissue adhesive as well as NIR-triggered tunable adhesion and self-deformation property, which can achieve an on-demand dressing refreshing. Systematically in vitro/in vivo antibacterial experiments indicate that the hydrogel shows excellent disinfection capability to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The in vivo experiments in a full-layer cutaneous wound model demonstrate that the hydrogel has a good treatment effect to promote wound healing. Overall, the asymmetric hydrogel with tunable adhesion, self-deformation, conductive, and photothermal antibacterial activity may be a promising candidate to fulfill the functions of adhesion on skin tissue, easy removing on-demand, and accelerating the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Wenbin Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Huitong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jianxu Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Chunji Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Med‐X Center for Materials Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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13
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Maraveas C, Bayer IS, Bartzanas T. 4D printing: Perspectives for the production of sustainable plastics for agriculture. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107785. [PMID: 34111517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept of 4D printing of phase change materials is gaining attention in the potential development of self-healing materials for tissue engineering and manufacturing applications, but there has been limited utilization of the technology in agriculture/farm-based applications. The temperature-responsiveness, magneto-responsiveness, pH-responsiveness, and osmotic pressure-responsiveness of shape-memory materials have potential applications in green/compostable plastics for agricultural applications such as food packaging and mulching films, shade nets, and greenhouse polymer covers. The application of 4D printing in augmenting the biodegradability, environmental, economic, and production benefits of polymers in agriculture is the main focus of this review. So far,; little scholarly and industry attention have been directed to agricultural applications even though shape memory polymers are ideal for such applications compared to existing materials due to smart/intelligent behavior, optimized performance through fiber/nanomaterial reinforcement and multilayered composites. The practical constraints relate to the newness of the 4D printing process, customized synthetic routes for application-specific materials. The constraints can be resolved using novel and customized processes such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereo-lithography and ink-jet printing, which are facile, scalable and affordable 4D printing techniques, that are highly effective compared to powder bed printing, and other droplet-based printing technologies, and photo-polymerization methods. FDM has led to the generation of PLA and other polymers with self-deformation and controllable shape memory effects. Future applications should overcome constraints linked to machine workload limitations and 3D/4D printing constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilker S Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Bartzanas
- Farm Structures Lab., Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
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14
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Chen Y, Liu T, Wang G, Liu J, Zhao L, Zhang R, Yu Y. Intelligent response bilayer hydrogel with controllable deformation-recovery and shape memory. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Wang S, Hashemi S, Stratton S, Arinzeh TL. The Effect of Physical Cues of Biomaterial Scaffolds on Stem Cell Behavior. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001244. [PMID: 33274860 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been sought as a promising cell source in the tissue engineering field due to their proliferative capacity as well as differentiation potential. Biomaterials have been utilized to facilitate the delivery of stem cells in order to improve their engraftment and long-term viability upon implantation. Biomaterials also have been developed as scaffolds to promote stem cell induced tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the latter where the biomaterial scaffold is designed to provide physical cues to stem cells in order to promote their behavior for tissue formation. Recent work that explores the effect of scaffold physical properties, topography, mechanical properties and electrical properties, is discussed. Although still being elucidated, the biological mechanisms, including cell shape, focal adhesion distribution, and nuclear shape, are presented. This review also discusses emerging areas and challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Sharareh Hashemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Scott Stratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
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16
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Cellulose nanocrystal mediated fast self-healing and shape memory conductive hydrogel for wearable strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:272-283. [PMID: 33359808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electro-conductive hydrogel (ECH) with self-healing, shape memory and biocompatible properties is highly urgent for wearable strain sensors to prolonging their lifespan, endowing programmable shape control property, and improving affinity to skin during service. However, most of synthetic polymer-based ECH usually involve potential toxicity, long healing and shape drive time. Herein, a fast healable and shape memory ECH with excellent biocompatibility is reported for the first time by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals grafted phenylboronic acid (CNCs-ABA) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). CNCs-ABA is designed as dispersant and crosslinker in hydrogel. pH-induced dynamic borate bonds give hydrogel excellent shape recovery and fixity ratio of 82.1% and 78.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, 97.1% healing efficiency is obtained within 2 min depending on remarkable photothermal effect of MWCNTs and reversible microcrystallization. Double crosslinking networks endow excellent mechanical properties to hydrogel, whose tensile strength, strain and elastic modulus reach 227.0 kPa, 395.0% and 9.0 kPa, respectively. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of MWCNTs and NaOH enhance the conductivity of hydrogel with value of 3.8×10-2 S/m. In addition, the hydrogel can act as strain sensor for detecting human motion with superior biocompatibility and fast resistance response to applied strain, which is suitable for human health management.
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17
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Song Y, He J, Zhang Y. Controllable, Bidirectional Water/Organic Vapors Responsive Actuators Fabricated by One-Step Thiol-Ene Click Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000456. [PMID: 33196123 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to synthesize stimuli-responsive materials with the well-balanced performance of fast stimulus-response speed, good mechanical strength, multi-functionality, and deformation diversity as well. This work reports a facile, one-step thiol-ene click polymerization strategy for preparation of water/acetone vapor-responsive hierarchical films, by using diallyl terephthalate (P) as hydrophobic ene-monomer, 1,4-diallyl-1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium bromide (B) as hydrophilic ene-monomer, and pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) as thiol monomer. Besides, by taking advantage of the specific hydrophilic/hydrophobic induction effect of substrate and adjusting the molar ratio of P to B, P60 B40 -HPI film is fabricated on hydrophilic substrate "with plasma treatment" whereas P80 B20 -HPO film is obtained on hydrophobic substrate "without plasma treatment". Their "upper-dense and lower-porous" structural feature ensured the excellent combination of fast stimuli-response speed endowed by the porous structure and good mechanical strength enhanced by the upper dense surface. Both films are bidirectional water/acetone vapor-responsive materials, but their bending directions responding to the stimuli factors are completely opposite. This strategy showed great potential in the development of smart stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
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18
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Jiao C, Zhang J, Liu T, Peng X, Wang H. Mechanically Strong, Tough, and Shape Deformable Poly(acrylamide- co-vinylimidazole) Hydrogels Based on Cu 2+ Complexation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44205-44214. [PMID: 32871067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shape deformable hydrogels have drawn great attention due to their wide applications as soft actuators. Here we report a novel kind of mechanically strong, tough, and shape deformable poly(acrylamide-co-vinylimidazole) [poly(AAm-co-VI)] hydrogel prepared by photoinitiated copolymerization and the followed immersing in a Cu2+ aqueous solution. Strong Cu2+ complexation with imidazole groups dramatically enhances the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, whose tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and fracture energy reach up to 7.7 ± 0.76 MPa, 15.4 ± 1.2 MPa, 23.2 ± 2.5 MJ m-3, and 22.1 ± 2.3 kJ m-2, respectively. More impressively, shape deformation (bending) can be easily achieved by coating Cu2+ solution on one side of hydrogel strips. Furthermore, precise control of the shape deformation from 1D to 2D and 2D to 3D can be achieved by adjusting Cu2+ concentration, coating time, region, and one or two side(s) of hydrogel samples. The Cu2+ complexation provides a simple way to simultaneously improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels and enable them with shape deformability. The mechanically strong, tough, and shape deformable hydrogels might be a promising candidate for soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Leibniz-Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xin Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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19
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Zhu X, Wu S, Yang C, Deng H, Du Y, Shi X. Electrical Writing to Three-Dimensional Pattern Dynamic Polysaccharide Hydrogel for Programmable Shape Deformation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000342. [PMID: 32808372 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to pattern and actuate hydrogels is essential for biomimetics, soft robotics, and biosensors. Here an electrical writing technique with the capability to create both surface and across thickness patterns in dynamic chitosan-H+ /agarose hydrogel by electronically generated pH gradient is introduced. The diffusible pH cues deprotonate and re-assemble chitosan chains by hydrogen bonds, changing the electrical writing domains from original loose structure to a dense layer and resulting in different mechanical stress and swell ability that causes the hydrogel to deform. The deformable trend can be modulated by writing depth and selective writing area on the surface, and significantly enhanced by temperature increment. Finally, a dual electrical writing process to create three-dimensional patterns and demonstrate programmable shape transition by differing patterns is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Si Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yumin Du
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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20
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Tian M, Gao W, Hu J, Xu X, Ning N, Yu B, Zhang L. Multidirectional Triple-Shape-Memory Polymer by Tunable Cross-linking and Crystallization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6426-6435. [PMID: 31940167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Medical fixing is one of the very important applications of the shape-memory polymer material, and the two important properties of the medical fixing material are that it perfectly fits the body during the fixing and easily detaches after being used. As the fixing and detachment are triggered by two independent stimuli in two opposite directions, it is necessary to develop multidirectional triple-shape-memory polymers. In this research, a series of polymer materials composed of trans-polyisoprene (TPI) and paraffin were prepared by melt blending and compression molding, and then the TPI was cross-linked by vulcanization. As a result of the large difference in the melting temperature and crystallization temperature between TPI and paraffin, the obtained polymer materials exhibit a triple-shape-memory behavior. According to the analysis of crystal behavior, microscopic morphology, and mechanical properties of the materials with different paraffin contents and TPI cross-linking density by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, the shape-memory behavior of the obtained materials was tunable by the cross-linking density of TPI and the crystallization degree of TPI or paraffin. Compared with the traditional triple-shape-memory material, our samples are prepared in a more facile way and can recover at human body temperature (37 °C). Moreover, our TPI/paraffin material can realize more flexible multidirectional recovery, as well as can be reprogramed and used multiple times. To the best of our knowledge, there are few polymer materials reported, which can realize multidirectional recovery. These unique multidirectional and reprogramable properties will enable the application of this polymer material, especially in the medical fixing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Weisheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Nanying Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Bing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
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Hua L, Xie M, Jian Y, Wu B, Chen C, Zhao C. Multiple-Responsive and Amphibious Hydrogel Actuator Based on Asymmetric UCST-Type Volume Phase Transition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43641-43648. [PMID: 31663325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogel actuators have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in artificial muscles, soft robotics, and flexible electronics. However, most of these materials are based on polymers with lower critical solution temperature (LCST), while those from upper critical solution temperature (UCST) are rare. Herein, we report a multiple-responsive UCST hydrogel actuator based on the complex of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm). By applying a heterogeneous photopolymerization, a bilayer hydrogel was obtained, including a layer of the interpenetrating network (IPN) of PAAm/PAAc and a layer of a single network of PAAm. When cooled down below the UCST, the PAAm/PAAc layer contracted due to the hydrogen bonding of the two polymers while the PAAm layer stays in swelling state, driving the hydrogel to curl. By adjusting the composition of the two layers, the amplitude of actuation behavior could be regulated. By creating patterned IPN domains with photomasks, the hydrogel could deform into complex two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes. An active motion was realized in both water and oil bath, thanks to the internal water exchange between the two layers. Interestingly, the hydrogel actuator is also responsive to urea and salts (Na2SO4, NaCl, NaSCN), due to that the strength of the hydrogen bonds in the IPN changes with the additives. Overall, the current study realized an anisotropic UCST transition by introducing asymmetrically distributed polymer-polymer hydrogen bonds, which would inspire new inventions of intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqin Hua
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Manqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yukun Jian
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Baoyi Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Chongyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
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22
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Tang L, Liao S, Qu J. Metallohydrogel with Tunable Fluorescence, High Stretchability, Shape-Memory, and Self-Healing Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26346-26354. [PMID: 31251026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the reported smart optical metallohydrogels were limited with poor mechanical properties, we reported here a novel smart optical metallohydrogel (Al-hydrogel) with excellent elongation, shape-memory ability, self-healing property, and controllable fluorescence intensity. The Al-hydrogel was obtained by the HHPMA-Al3+ and carboxylate-Al3+ coordination after one-pot micellar copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AAm), and hydrophobic arylhydrazone-based ligand (HHPMA). This hydrogel was able to extend up to 5000% of its original length without fracture. Its emission intensity was tunable by OH-/H+ or Zn2+/AAc and increased by 500% with 0.1 M OH- or Zn2+. Its tunable fluorescence enabled us to repeatedly pattern it. A reversible system consisting of Fe3+/H+, was implemented to control the shape of the Al-hydrogel, endowing the Al-hydrogel with shape-memory ability. This highly stretchable and multifunctional Al-hydrogel has potential applications in information transmission, wearable devices, and flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Shanshan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Jinqing Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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23
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Zheng X, Huang J, Lin J, Yang D, Xu T, Chen D, Zan X, Wu A. 3D bioprinting in orthopedics translational research. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1172-1187. [PMID: 31124402 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1623989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XuanQi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - JinFeng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - JiaLiang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - DeJun Yang
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - TianZhen Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - AiMin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
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Feng S, Li Q, Wang S, Wang B, Hou Y, Zhang T. Tunable Dual Temperature-Pressure Sensing and Parameter Self-Separating Based on Ionic Hydrogel via Multisynergistic Network Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21049-21057. [PMID: 31094500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based wearable sensors have experienced an explosive development, whereas functional integration to mimic the multisignal responsiveness of skin especially for pressure and temperature remained a challenge. Herein, a functional ionic hydrogel-base flexible sensor was successfully prepared by integrating the thermal-sensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) into another conductive double-network hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide (PVA-GO) and polyacrylic acid-Fe3+ (PAA-Fe3+). Because of the multisynergistic network design, the triple-network hydrogel was endowed with excellent conductivity (∼170 Ω/mm), mechanical tolerance (1.1 MPa), and rapid recoverability (within 0.5 s), which demonstrated the potential use in pressure monitoring. Moreover, the introduction of a thermal-sensitive network allowed it to capture the changes in the human body temperature accurately simultaneously and to be further developed as a flexible temperature sensor. In particular, the unsynchronization of pressure and temperature strain (straining to stability within 0.5 s and more than 50 s, respectively) caused the two electrical signals to be automatically separated. Intuitive reading of data without involving complex parameter separation calculations allowed the hydrogel to be developed as an integrated dual temperature-pressure-sensitive flexible sensor. In addition, all above properties demonstrated that the as-prepared functional hydrogel could be extended to the practical application in human-machine interactions and personalized multisignal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Appied Chemistry , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Qiurong Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Appied Chemistry , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Shuxue Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Appied Chemistry , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Appied Chemistry , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Yatong Hou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Appied Chemistry , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , Jiangsu , China
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Le X, Lu W, Zhang J, Chen T. Recent Progress in Biomimetic Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801584. [PMID: 30886795 PMCID: PMC6402410 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogel actuators refer to intelligent stimuli-responsive hydrogels that could reversibly deform upon the trigger of various external stimuli. They have thus aroused tremendous attention and shown promising applications in many fields including soft robots, artificial muscles, valves, and so on. After a brief introduction of the driving forces that contribute to the movement of living creatures, an overview of the design principles and development history of hydrogel actuators is provided, then the diverse anisotropic structures of hydrogel actuators are summarized, presenting the promising applications of hydrogel actuators, and highlighting the development of multifunctional hydrogel actuators. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of this exciting field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Material Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
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26
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Shang J, Le X, Zhang J, Chen T, Theato P. Trends in polymeric shape memory hydrogels and hydrogel actuators. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, “smart” hydrogels with either shape memory behavior or reversible actuation have received particular attention and have been further developed into sensors, actuators, or artificial muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Shang
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- D-20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Xiaoxia Le
- Department of Polymers and Composites
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 315201 Ningbo
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Polymers and Composites
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 315201 Ningbo
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Polymers and Composites
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 315201 Ningbo
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III
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27
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Xie M, Wu C, Chen C, Liu Y, Zhao C. Photo-adaptable shape memory hydrogels based on orthogonal supramolecular interactions. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel shape memory hydrogel with photo-adaptable permanent shape has been developed on the basis of alginate–Ca2+ coordination and the host–guest interaction between α-cyclodextrin and azobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Xie
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Chen Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Chongyi Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Ying Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
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28
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Jiao C, Chen Y, Liu T, Peng X, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Wang H. Rigid and Strong Thermoresponsive Shape Memory Hydrogels Transformed from Poly(vinylpyrrolidone- co-acryloxy acetophenone) Organogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32707-32716. [PMID: 30165020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have a wide range of potential practical applications. However, the mechanically weak and soft nature of most SMHs strongly impedes their applications. Here, we report a novel kind of thermal-responsive SMH with high tensile strength and high elastic moduli. Organogels are first prepared by the copolymerization of a hydrophilic monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and a hydrophobic monomer acryloxy acetophenone (AAP) in N, N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions, and then, poly(vinylpyrrolidone- co-acryloxy acetophenone) [poly(NVP- co-AAP)] hydrogels are obtained by solvent exchange with water. Because of the strong and reversible hydrophobic association and π-π stacking of acetophenone groups, the poly(NVP- co-AAP) hydrogels exhibit tensile strengths up to 8.41 ± 0.83 MPa and Young's moduli up to 94.2 ± 1.3 MPa, which are more than 1 or 3 orders of magnitude higher than those of the organogels, respectively. The poly(NVP- co-AAP) hydrogels exhibit good shape memory behaviors, with a complete fixation ratio and a recovery ratio of 74-89%, as well as very fast shape-fixing and recovering rates (in seconds). These rigid and strong hydrogels are demonstrated to be an ideal shape memory material for surgical fixation devices to wrap around and support various shapes of limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
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Xiao S, Zhang M, He X, Huang L, Zhang Y, Ren B, Zhong M, Chang Y, Yang J, Zheng J. Dual Salt- and Thermoresponsive Programmable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Pseudo-Interpenetrating Double-Network Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21642-21653. [PMID: 29878750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of smart soft actuators is highly important for fundamental research and industrial applications but has proved to be extremely challenging. In this work, we present a facile, one-pot, one-step method to prepare dual-responsive bilayer hydrogels, consisting of a thermoresponsive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAM) layer and a salt-responsive poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1 H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (polyVBIPS) layer. Both polyNIPAM and polyVBIPS layers exhibit a completely opposite swelling/shrinking behavior, where polyNIPAM shrinks (swells) but polyVBIPS swells (shrinks) in salt solution (water) or at high (low) temperatures. By tuning NIPAM:VBIPS ratios, the resulting polyNIPAM/polyVBIPS bilayer hydrogels enable us to achieve fast and large-amplitude bidirectional bending in response to temperatures, salt concentrations, and salt types. Such bidirectional bending, bending orientation, and degree can be reversibly, repeatedly, and precisely controlled by salt- or temperature-induced cooperative swelling-shrinking properties from both layers. Based on their fast, reversible, and bidirectional bending behavior, we further design two conceptual hybrid hydrogel actuators, serving as a six-arm gripper to capture, transport, and release an object and an electrical circuit switch to turn on-and-off a lamp. Different from the conventional two- or multistep methods for preparation of bilayer hydrogels, our simple, one-pot, one-step method and a new bilayer hydrogel system provide an innovative concept to explore new hydrogel-based actuators through combining different responsive materials that allow us to program different stimuli for soft and intelligent materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Xiao
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering , Taizhou University , Jiaojiang 318000 , China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Xiaomin He
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | | | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
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