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Liu F, Li M, Sun J, Fang Q. Bio-based Low- k Polymers at High Frequency Derived from Anethole: Synthesis and the Relationship between the Structures and the Properties. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4819-4830. [PMID: 37603588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based polymers have been widely investigated as sustainable low dielectric (low-k) materials in past decades. Nevertheless, a few of the polymers with excellent comprehensive properties have been achieved to satisfy the requirements of high-frequency communication application. In this paper, two fluorinated monomers (BCB-F and 2BCB-F) have been designed and successfully prepared from biomass anethole. The thermal-cross-linkable benzocyclobutene and polyfluorobenzene groups were introduced in order to obtain low-k polymers with good comprehensive properties. A control monomer C1 was prepared from the estragole, the isomer of anethole, to study intensively the effect of structures on properties. Among the thermally cured polymers, cured BCB-F with higher fluoride content shows a comparable dielectric constant (Dk) of 2.62 and lower dielectric loss (Df) of 1.31 × 10-3 at a frequency of 10 GHz, as well as better hydrophobic properties with a water uptake of 0.18%. Such good hydrophobic properties enable it to maintain the good dielectric properties even after being soaked in boiling water for 96 h. Cured 2BCB-F with bifunctional benzocyclobutene groups displays excellent heat resistance with a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 408 °C and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 52 ppm/°C in the temperature range 30-300 °C. Cured 2BCB-F also shows good dielectric properties with a Dk of 2.61 and a Df of 2.60 × 10-3 at a frequency of 10 GHz. The good comprehensive properties reveal that the anethole-based polymers are suitable candidates as matrix or encapsulation resins for application in electronics and microelectric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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2
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Wang R, Zhang X, Guo S. Comb Polybutadiene with Long Polystyrene Side Chains: A Solution for Tunable Flowability and Enhancing Dielectric Properties in High-Frequency Printed Board Adhesive Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41019-41030. [PMID: 37582186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid high-vinyl polybutadiene (PB) possessed excellent dielectric properties, rendering them suitable candidates for adhesive films of high-frequency printed boards. However, their inherent low molecular weights resulted in chain slippage and overflow during processing, thereby diminishing the performance of the adhesive films. To address this challenge, we synthesized comb PB with long polystyrene side chains via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, effectively immobilizing the PB backbone and restricting relative chain slippage. Controlling the length and number of "comb teeth" (styrene side chains) efficiently regulated the flowability of comb PB, achieving distinct flow states. Simultaneously, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the elongated and inflexible polystyrene side chains of comb PB could create minuscule cavities, which impeded close packing of molecules and led to low dielectric constants (2.39/2.01, 1 MHz/10 GHz) and ultralow dielectric losses (0.0071/0.0016, 1 MHz/10 GHz). Furthermore, a series of printed circuit boards were fabricated using a comb PB adhesive film, and the signal loss was significantly reduced to 48.8% (19 GHz) in comparison with a commercial epoxy adhesive. This study demonstrated the potential of comb PB with polystyrene side chains to achieve desirable flow and dielectric properties by introducing tangles, large volume potential resistance, and microporosity compared with block structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Chengdu 610065, China
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Rubinsztajn S, Chojnowski J, Mizerska U. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed Hydride Transfer Reactions in Polysiloxane Chemistry-Piers-Rubinsztajn Reaction and Related Processes. Molecules 2023; 28:5941. [PMID: 37630197 PMCID: PMC10459531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) is a unique Lewis acid that catalyzes the condensation between hydrosilanes (Si-H) and alkoxysilanes (Si-OR), leading to the formation of siloxane bonds (Si-OSi) with the release of hydrocarbon (R-H) as a byproduct-the so-called Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. The analogous reactions of hydrosilanes with silanols (Si-OH), alcohols (R-OH), ethers (R-OR') or water in the presence of TPFPB leads to the formation of a siloxane bond, alkoxysilane (Si-OR or Si-OR') or silanol (Si-OH), respectively. The above processes, often referred to as Piers-Rubinsztajn reactions, provide new synthetic tools for the controlled synthesis of siloxane materials under mild conditions with high yields. The common feature of these reactions is the TPFPB-mediated hydride transfer from silicon to carbon or hydrogen. This review presents a summary of 20 years of research efforts related to this field, with a focus on new synthetic methodologies leading to numerous previously difficult to synthesize well-defined siloxane oligomers, polymers and copolymers of a complex structure and potential applications of these new materials. In addition, the mechanistic aspects of the recently discovered reactions involving hydride transfer from silicon to silicon are discussed in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Rubinsztajn
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-636 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Julian Chojnowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-636 Lodz, Poland;
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Ma Y, He Z, Liao Z, Han Y, Zhang J, Zhu M. Porous structure contained polyimide film with enhanced dielectric properties upon high temperature. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Ma
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Zian He
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Ziwei Liao
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Yuhang Han
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Junming Zhang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
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5
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Gao H, Battley A, Leitao EM. The ultimate Lewis acid catalyst: using tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane to create bespoke siloxane architectures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7451-7465. [PMID: 35726789 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The breadth of utility of a commercially available and stable strong Lewis acid catalyst, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, has been explored, highlighting its use towards a wide range of unique siloxane products and their corresponding applications. This article focuses on the variety of different outcomes that this impressive borane offers in controlled and selective manners by the variation of reaction conditions, precursor functionalities, reagent or catalyst loading, and the mechanistic considerations that contribute. With a predominant focus on the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction and its modifications, tris(pentaflurophenyl)borane's utility is highlighted in the synthesis of linear, cyclic and macrocyclic siloxanes, aryl-/alkoxysiloxanes, and other bespoke products. The significance of the catalytic transformation within the field of siloxane chemistry is discussed alongside some of the challenges that arise from using the borane catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetian Gao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Battley
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Erin M Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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Facile construction of luminescent silicone elastomers from the compatibilization of porphyrins via the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Long Q, Li X, Huang Y, Peng Q, Li X, Zhu L, Ma J, Ye X, Yang J. The low dielectric constant hyperbranched polycarbosilane derived resins with spacing groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Xia Li
- China Bluestar Chengrand Chemical Co. Ltd. Chengdu 610000 China
| | - Yawen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Qiuxia Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Liangbo Zhu
- China Bluestar Chengrand Chemical Co. Ltd. Chengdu 610000 China
| | - Jiajun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Xu Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
- School of Adult and Network Education Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental‐Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621000 China
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8
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Wu X, Cai J, Cheng Y. Synthesis and characterization of high fluorine‐containing polyimides with low‐dielectric constant. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanrong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai China
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Xiuwei Lv, Yv J, Wang X, Huang P. Flexible Low Dielectric Polyimide/Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Composite Films for Flexible Integrated Circuits. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Hou J, Sun J, Fang Q. A fluorinated low dielectric polymer at high frequency derived from allylphenol and benzocyclobutene by a facile route. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fan W, Hong N, Sun Q, Li M, Fu W. Thermo-curable and photo-patternable polysiloxanes and polycarbosiloxanes by a facile Piers–Rubinsztajn polycondensation and post-modification. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00234e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of BCB-functionalized organosilicon materials were prepared by a facile Piers–Rubinsztajn polycondensation and Heck coupling post-modification method, rendering a simple and efficient option for advanced packaging dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nianmin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Li X, Huang Y, Ye X, Long Q, Yuan W, Fan L, Peng Q, Ma J, Yang J. Low dielectric resins derived from hyperbranched carbosilane oligmers functionalized by benzocyclobutene groups. Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:362-370. [PMID: 34912179 PMCID: PMC8667947 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.2003556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycarbosilanes have been considered as potential materials used in electronic packaging and circuit boards owing to their excellent low-dielectric performance. In this work, we prepared new hyperbranched carbosilane oligomers (HCBOs) which were functionalized by benzocyclobutene (BCB) groups. HCBOs can be thermally cured to produce transparent (HCBRs) with low dielectric constant and high thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
| | - Yawen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
| | - Xu Ye
- School of Adult and Network Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
| | - Quan Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
| | - Wen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
- Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, MianyangChina
| | - Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
- School of National Defense Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
| | - Qiuxia Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
| | - Jiajun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, MianyangChina
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Feng Y, Jin K, Guo J, Wang C. All-carbocycle hydrocarbon thermosets with high thermal stability and robust mechanical strength for low- k interlayer dielectrics. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00877c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of hydrocarbon precursors were synthesized and cured at elevated temperatures to give cross-linked all-aliphatic/aromatic-ring polymers with a low dielectric constant for next-generation interlayer dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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