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Khamjan NA, Beigh S, Algaissi A, Megha K, Lohani M, Darraj M, Kamli N, Madkhali F, Dar SA. Natural and synthetic drugs and formulations for intravaginal HPV clearance. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1471-1480. [PMID: 37535995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except for a few preventative Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, there is currently no cure for HPV infection. There are a number of cutting-edge strategies and potent medications or herbal formulations that can be applied topically for early clearance of HPV infection before HPV DNA gets integrated into host cell genome. This is facilitated due to cervical cancer having distinct and well-recognized long precancerous stages. OBJECTIVES This review aims to outline every possible medication and formulation, both natural and synthetic, that can be applied topically as intravaginal application to help remove HPV infection at an early precancerous stage. RESULTS Several anti-HPV/HPV clearance compounds and formulations for high-grade lesions are undergoing clinical trials. However, the majority of compounds are still in the early stages of development and require additional research to become viable HPV clearance candidates. Synthetic drugs may be more promising because they may have a more targeted effect; however, they may also have significant adverse effects. On the other hand, natural medications are safer to use. They are less specific, but have minimal to no adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS This article may serve as a valuable resource of information for managing and preventing precancerous carcinogenic HPV infections. Research could be directed toward developing candidate drugs to make evidence-based decisions about advancing them to clinical trials and, eventually, to the market for potential use in the prevention and control of cervical cancer, which is almost always preventable or even curable if detected early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar A Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Disease Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanu Megha
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai 355050, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Department of Emergency Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Darraj
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader Kamli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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Liao D, Liu Y, Li C, He B, Zhou G, Cui Y, Huang H. Arctigenin hinders the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cells via the FAK/paxillin pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16683. [PMID: 37292259 PMCID: PMC10245248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological pernicious tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. Arctigenin (ARG), a nature-derived component, has exhibited anti-tumor activity in various tumors. Objective To explore the effect of ARG on cervical cancer. Materials and methods The effect and mechanism of ARG on cervical cancer cells were explored by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, transwell and Western blot assays. Additionally, in vivo experiment was conducted in xenografted mice by immunohistochemistry (IHC), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Western blot assays. Results ARG treatment induced both concentration-dependent and time-dependent reductions in the cell viability of SiHa and HeLa cells with a IC50 value of 9.34 μM and 14.45 μM, respectively. ARG increased the apoptosis rate and the protein levels of cleaved-caspase 3 and E-cadherin, but decreased the invaded cell numbers and the protein levels of Vimentin and N-cadherin in vitro. Mechanically, ARG inhibited the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/paxillin pathway, which was confirmed by the overexpression of FAK in SiHa cells. The inhibitory role of overexpression of FAK in proliferation and invasion, as well as its promoted role in apoptosis were reversed with ARG treatment. Meanwhile, ARG suppressed growth and metastasis, and enhanced apoptosis in vivo. Consistently, ARG administration reduced the relative protein level of p-FAK/FAK and p-paxillin/paxillin in tumor tissues of xenografted mice. Conclusion ARG inhibited proliferation, invasion and metastasis, but enhanced apoptosis of cervical cancer via the FAK/paxillin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liao
- .Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- .Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuifen Li
- .Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin He
- .Medical and Pharmacy Research Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Zhou
- .Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yejia Cui
- .Department of Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohai Huang
- .Medical and Pharmacy Research Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- .Department of Clinical Pharmacy, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Markulin L, Corbin C, Renouard S, Drouet S, Gutierrez L, Mateljak I, Auguin D, Hano C, Fuss E, Lainé E. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases, key to the lignan synthesis in plants. PLANTA 2019; 249:1695-1714. [PMID: 30895445 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview on activity, stereospecificity, expression and regulation of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases in plants. These enzymes are shared by the pathways to all 8-8' lignans derived from pinoresinol. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases (PLR) are enzymes involved in the lignan biosynthesis after the initial dimerization of two monolignols. They catalyze two successive reduction steps leading to the production of lariciresinol or secoisolariciresinol from pinoresinol. Two secoisolariciresinol enantiomers can be synthetized with different fates. Depending on the plant species, these enantiomers are either final products (e.g., in the flaxseed where it is stored after glycosylation) or are the starting point for the synthesis of a wide range of lignans, among which the aryltetralin type lignans are used to semisynthesize anticancer drugs such as Etoposide®. Thus, the regulation of the gene expression of PLRs as well as the possible specificities of these reductases for one reduction step or one enantiomer are key factors to fine-tune the lignan synthesis. Results published in the last decade have shed light on the presence of more than one PLR in each plant and revealed various modes of action. Nevertheless, there are not many results published on the PLRs and most of them were obtained in a limited range of species. Indeed, a number of them deal with wild and cultivated flax belonging to the genus Linum. Despite the occurrence of lignans in bryophytes, pteridophytes and monocots, data on PLRs in these taxa are still missing and indeed the whole diversity of PLRs is still unknown. This review summarizes the data, published mainly in the last decade, on the PLR gene expression, enzymatic activity and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samantha Drouet
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Ivan Mateljak
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Fuss
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Hoppe-Seyler-St. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Lainé
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny, 28000, Chartres, France.
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Liu Q, Wang J, Lin B, Cheng ZY, Bai M, Shi S, Huang XX, Song SJ. Phenylpropanoids and lignans from Prunus tomentosa seeds as efficient β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:269-275. [PMID: 30529844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive accumulation of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates. Recently, lignans and phenylpropanoids are attracting increasing attention to discovery useful agents of inhibition on Aβ aggregation. In the present study, to develop potential agents for slowing the progression of AD, Prunus tomentosa seeds were selected as a raw material for bioactive compounds, which led to the separation of two pairs of new enantiomeric lignans and phenylpropanoids using chiral HPLC. The planar structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. And their absolute configurations were determined by comparing of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The biosynthesis pathway was also discussed. Additionally, the inhibitory activity on Aβ aggregation of all optical pure compounds was tested by thioflavin T (ThT) assay. The isolates (1a, 1b, 2a and 2b) showed more potent inhibitory activity than positive control curcumin with inhibitory rate of 73.89 ± 3.41% 78.69 ± 1.50%, 63.25 ± 2.68%, and 67.13 ± 0.90% at 20 μM, respectively. More importantly, the inhibition profiles were explained by molecular dynamics and docking simulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Yang Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochun Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian 116021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Serrano-Olvera A, Cetina L, Coronel J, Dueñas-González A. Emerging drugs for the treatment of cervical cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:165-82. [PMID: 25578210 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, most cervical cancer (CC) patients require the use of drug therapy either adjuvant, concurrent with radiation or palliative. AREAS COVERED This review briefly discusses the current achievements in treating CC with an emphasis in emerging agents. EXPERT OPINION Concurrent cisplatin with radiation and lately, gemcitabine-cisplatin chemoradiation has resulted in small but significant improvements in the treatment of locally advanced and high-risk early-stage patients. So far, only antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab added to cisplatin chemoradiation has demonstrated safety and encouraging results in a Phase II study. In advanced disease, cisplatin doublets yield median survival rates not exceeding 14 months. The first Phase III study of bevacizumab, added to standard chemotherapy cisplatin- or non-cisplatin-containing doublet, has shown significant increase in both overall survival and progression-free survival. Further studies are needed before bevacizumab plus chemotherapy can be considered the standard of care for advanced disease. The characterization of the mutational landscape of CC and developments of novel targeted therapies may result in more effective and individualized treatments for CC. The potential efficacy of knocking down the key alterations in CC, E6 and E7 human papilloma virus oncoproteins must not be overlooked.
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Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 101:231-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Duenas-Gonzalez A, Serrano-Olvera A, Cetina L, Coronel J. New molecular targets against cervical cancer. Int J Womens Health 2014; 6:1023-31. [PMID: 25525394 PMCID: PMC4266260 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s49471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. Major advances but still insufficient achievements in the treatment of locally advanced and high-risk early stage patients have occurred in the last decade with the incorporation of concurrent cisplatin with radiation and, lately, gemcitabine added to cisplatin chemoradiation. Despite a number of clinical studies incorporating molecular-targeted therapy as radiosensitizers being in progress, so far, only antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab added to cisplatin chemoradiation has demonstrated safety and shown encouraging results in a Phase II study. In advanced disease, cisplatin doublets do not have a great impact on the natural history of the disease with median survival rates not exceeding 13 months. The first Phase III study of bevacizumab, added to cisplatin or a non-cisplatin-containing doublet, showed significant increase in both overall survival and progression-free survival. Further studies are needed before bevacizumab plus chemotherapy can be considered the standard of care for advanced disease. Characterization of the mutational landscape of cervical cancer has already been initiated, indicating that, for now, few of these targetable alterations match with available agents. Progress in both the mutational landscape knowledge and developments of novel targeted therapies may result in more effective and individualized treatments for cervical cancer. The potential efficacy of knocking down the key alterations in cervical cancer – E6 and E7 human papillomavirus oncoproteins – must not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico ; ISSEMyM Cancer Center, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Lucely Cetina
- Division of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Coronel
- Division of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Takekoshi S, Nagata H, Kitatani K. Stimulation of melanogenesis by nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in human melanoma cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:203-10. [PMID: 25861126 PMCID: PMC4387241 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lignan found in vegetables, fruits and legumin, has been shown to possess antineoplastic, antiviral and antioxidant characteristics. In this study, we examined the effect of NDGA on melanogenesis in human melanoma cells (HMVII). In vitro, NDGA does not alter mushroom tyrosinase activity. However, in NDGA-treated HMVII cells, cellular tyrosinase activity increased in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. The concomitant increases in melanin content in NDGA-treated cells indicated an elevation of melanin synthesis by tyrosinase activation. In addition, after a 7-day incubation, melanin content in 20 μM NDGA-treated cells increased 5.02 fold. Tyrosinase protein also increased by treatment with NDGA. Nevertheless, tyrosinase mRNA was not altered in NDGA-treated cells. Our results suggest that NDGA can increase tyrosinase activity and de novo synthesis of melanin in human melanoma cells. We found that NDGA is a novel potent stimulator of melanogenesis in human melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takekoshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Hidetaka Nagata
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kanae Kitatani
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
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Wu SF, Lin CK, Chuang YS, Chang FR, Tseng CK, Wu YC, Lee JC. Anti-hepatitis C virus activity of 3-hydroxy caruilignan C from Swietenia macrophylla stems. J Viral Hepat 2012; 19:364-70. [PMID: 22497816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection ultimately leads to chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As the standard treatment is not completely efficacious, a safer and more effective agent against HCV infection needs to be developed. In this report, we demonstrated that 3-hydroxy caruilignan C (3-HCL-C) isolated from Swietenia macrophylla stems exhibited high anti-HCV activity at both protein and RNA levels at nontoxic concentrations, with an EC(50) value of 10.5 ± 1.2 μm. Combinations of 3-HCL-C and interferon-α (IFN-α), an HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor (2'-C-methylcytidine; NM-107) or an HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor (Telaprevir; VX-950) increased the suppression of HCV RNA replication. The results suggested that 3-HCL-C may be a potential anti-viral agent. We then demonstrated that 3-HCL-C interfered with HCV replication by inducing IFN-stimulated response element transcription and IFN-dependent anti-viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-F Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Dueñas-Gonzalez A, Cetina L, Coronel J, Cervantes-Madrid D. Emerging drugs for cervical cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:203-18. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.683409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gao P, Zhai F, Guan L, Zheng J. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits growth of cervical cancer SiHa cells by up-regulating p21. Oncol Lett 2010; 2:123-128. [PMID: 22870140 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2010.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and its derivatives possess anti-cancer effects on various types of cancer via the induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. This study proved that NDGA inhibited cervical cancer SiHa cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest at the G(1) phase, which may be a consequence of cell cycle kinase inhibitor p21 induction. NDGA promoted acetylation of histone H3 in total and p21 gene-associated chromatin. This effect is gene selective, since NDGA has no impact on the p27 gene. NDGA also inhibited HPV-16 E6 gene transcription, which in turn resulted in the restoration of p53 protein levels. The silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) is a key component of the HDAC3-HDAC4-N-CoR/SMRT complex. We found that NDGA significantly inhibited the transcription of SMRT, which, together with p53, may aid in the detection of the increase of histone H3 acetylation within the p21 gene. Our results suggest that NDGA induces p21 transcription by selectively elevating histone H3 acetylation associated with p21 gene and p53 protein levels via the inhibition of HPV-16 E6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medical Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Zhao CY, Szekely L, Bao W, Selivanova G. Rescue of p53 function by small-molecule RITA in cervical carcinoma by blocking E6-mediated degradation. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3372-81. [PMID: 20395210 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation of p53 by human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein plays a pivotal role in the survival of cervical carcinoma cells. Abrogation of HPV-E6-dependent p53 destruction can therefore be a good strategy to combat cervical carcinomas. Here, we show that a small-molecule reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis (RITA) is able to induce the accumulation of p53 and rescue its tumor suppressor function in cells containing high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 by inhibiting HPV-E6-mediated proteasomal degradation. RITA blocks p53 ubiquitination by preventing p53 interaction with E6-associated protein, required for HPV-E6-mediated degradation. RITA activates the transcription of proapoptotic p53 targets Noxa, PUMA, and BAX, and repressed the expression of pro-proliferative factors CyclinB1, CDC2, and CDC25C, resulting in p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, RITA showed substantial suppression of cervical carcinoma xenografts in vivo. These results provide a proof of principle for the treatment of cervical cancer in a p53-dependent manner by using small molecules that target p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ying Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wesierska-Gadek J, Wandl S, Kramer MP, Pickem C, Krystof V, Hajek SB. Roscovitine up-regulates p53 protein and induces apoptosis in human HeLaS(3) cervix carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 105:1161-71. [PMID: 18846503 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of human HeLaS(3) cervix carcinoma cells to high doses of conventional cytostatic drugs, e.g. cisplatin (CP) strongly inhibits their proliferation. However, most cytostatic agents are genotoxic and may generate a secondary malignancy. Therefore, therapeutic strategy using alternative, not cytotoxic drugs would be beneficial. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by pharmacological inhibitors became recently a promising therapeutic option. Roscovitine (ROSC), a selective CDK inhibitor, efficiently targets human malignant cells. ROSC induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. ROSC also activates p53 protein. Activation of p53 tumor suppressor protein is essential for induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Considering the fact that in HeLaS(3) cells wt p53 is inactivated by the action of HPV-encoded E6 oncoprotein, we addressed the question whether ROSC would be able to reactivate p53 protein in them. Their exposure to ROSC for 24 h induced cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M and reduced the number of viable cells. Unlike CP, ROSC in the used doses did not induce DNA damage and was not directly cytotoxic. Despite lack of detectable DNA lesions, ROSC activated wt p53 protein. The increase of p53 levels was attributable to the ROSC-mediated protein stabilization. Further analyses revealed that ROSC induced site-specific phosphorylation of p53 protein at Ser46. After longer exposure, ROSC induced apoptosis in HeLaS(3) cells. These results indicate that therapy of HeLaS(3) cells by ROSC could offer an advantage over that by CP due to its increased selectivity and markedly reduced risk of generation of a secondary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józefa Wesierska-Gadek
- Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Div.: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Wesierska-Gadek J, Gueorguieva M, Komina O, Schmid G, Kramer MP. Signaling of DNA damage is not sufficient to induce p53 response: (Re)Activation of wt p53 protein strongly depends on cellular context. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1607-20. [PMID: 17879942 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that exposure of cells to a variety of DNA-damaging agents leads to up-regulation and activation of wild-type (wt) p53 protein. We investigated the (re)-activation of p53 protein in two human cancer cell lines in which the gene for this tumor suppressor is not mutated: HeLaS(3) cervix carcinoma and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, by induction via different genotoxic and cytotoxic stimuli. Treatment of human cells with the alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or different anti-cancer drugs resulted in a strong DNA damage as evidenced by Comet assay and a marked increase in site-specific phosphorylation of H2AX. Unlike in MCF-7 cells, in HeLaS(3) cells the expression of p53 protein did not increase after MNNG treatment despite a strong DNA damage. However, other agents for example doxorubicin markedly induced p53 response in HeLaS(3) cells. After exposure of these cells to MNNG, the ATM-dependent effector proteins Chk2 and NBS1 were phosphorylated, thereby evidencing that MNNG-induced DNA breakage was recognized and properly signaled. In HeLaS(3) cells wt p53 protein is not functional due to E6-mediated targeting for accelerated ubiquitylation and degradation. Therefore, the activation of a p53 response to genotoxic stress in HeLaS(3) cells seems to depend on the status of E6 oncoprotein. Indeed, the induction of p53 protein in HeLaS(3) cells in response to distinct agents inversely correlates with the cellular level of E6 oncoprotein. This implicates that the capability of different agents to activate p53 in HeLaS(3) cells primarily depends on their inhibitory effect on expression of E6 oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józefa Wesierska-Gadek
- Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8 a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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