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Koyano S, Yagishita S, Tada M, Doi H, Uchihara T, Tanaka F. Parallel Appearance of Polyglutamine and Transactivation-Responsive DNA-Binding Protein 43 and Their Complementary Subcellular Localization in Brains of Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:535-544. [PMID: 35511239 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is caused by mutations in the ATXN2 gene in which toxic effects are triggered by expanded polyglutamine repeats within ataxin-2. SCA2 is accompanied by motor neuron degeneration as occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the distribution patterns of ataxin-2 and transactivation-responsive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a major disease-related protein in ALS, in the CNS of 3 SCA2 patients. Phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43)-positive lesions were widely distributed throughout the CNS and generally overlapped with 1C2 (expanded polyglutamine)-immunoreactive lesions. This distribution pattern is different from the pattern in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy. In SCA2, double immunostaining of TDP-43 and 1C2 in motor neurons revealed 3 staining patterns: cytoplasmic 1C2 and nuclear TDP-43, nucleocytoplasmic 1C2 and nuclear TDP-43, and nuclear 1C2 and cytoplasmic TDP-43, which reflect the early, active, and final stages of pathological change, respectively. The translocation of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm along with the translocation of 1C2 in the opposite direction indicates that nuclear accumulation of the disease-specific protein ataxin-2 affects the intracellular dynamics of TDP-43. Such a close interrelationship between mutant ataxin-2 and TDP-43 in the cell might account for the similarity of their distribution in the CNS of patients with SCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Koyano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saburo Yagishita
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory, Nitobe-Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Picillo M, Ginevrino M, Dati G, Scannapieco S, Vallelunga A, Siano P, Volpe G, Ceravolo R, Nicoletti V, Cicero E, Nicoletti A, Zappia M, Peverelli S, Silani V, Pellecchia MT, Valente EM, Barone P. Genetic characterization of a cohort with familial parkinsonism and cognitive-behavioral syndrome: A Next Generation Sequencing study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:82-90. [PMID: 33601107 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform the genetic characterization of a cohort with familial parkinsonism and cognitive-behavioral syndrome. METHODS A Next Generation Sequencing - based targeted sequencing of 32 genes associated to various neurodegenerative phenotypes, plus a screening for SNCA Copy Number Variations and C9orf72 repeat expansion, was applied in a cohort of 85 Italian patients presenting with parkinsonism and cognitive and/or behavioral syndrome and a positive familial history for any neurodegenerative disorder (i.e., dementia, movement disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). RESULTS Through this combined genetic approach, we detected potentially relevant genetic variants in 25.8% of patients with familial parkinsonism and cognitive and/or behavioral syndrome. Peculiar phenotypes are described (Cortico-basal syndrome with APP, Posterior Cortical Atrophy with GBA, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-like with GRN, Multiple System Atrophy with TARDBP). The majority of patients presented a rigid-bradykinetic parkinsonian syndrome, while rest tremor was less common. Myoclonic jerks, pyramidal signs, dystonic postures and vertical gaze disturbances were more frequently associated with the presence of a pathogenic variant in one of the tested genes. CONCLUSIONS Given the syndromic approach adopted in our study, we were able to provide a detailed clinical description of patients beyond the boundaries of specific clinical diagnoses and describe peculiar phenotypes. This observation further supports the knowledge that genetic disorders present phenotypic overlaps across different neurodegenerative syndromes, highlighting the limitations of current clinical diagnostic criteria defining sharp boundaries between distinct conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Dati
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Sara Scannapieco
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Siano
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital A.O.U. OO.RR. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giampiero Volpe
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital A.O.U. OO.RR. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Università di Pisa, Italy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Università di Pisa, Italy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cicero
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Peverelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy.
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