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Vanisova M, Stufkova H, Kohoutova M, Rakosnikova T, Krizova J, Klempir J, Rysankova I, Roth J, Zeman J, Hansikova H. Mitochondrial organization and structure are compromised in fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:462-475. [PMID: 35946926 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington´s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with onset in adulthood that leads to a complete disability and death in approximately 20 years after onset of symptoms. HD is caused by an expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene for huntingtin. Although the disease causes most damage to striatal neurons, other parts of the nervous system and many peripheral tissues are also markedly affected. Besides huntingtin malfunction, mitochondrial impairment has been previously described as an important player in HD. This study focuses on mitochondrial structure and function in cultivated skin fibroblasts from 10 HD patients to demonstrate mitochondrial impairment in extra-neuronal tissue. Mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial fission, and cristae organization were significantly disrupted and signs of elevated apoptosis were found. In accordance with structural changes, we also found indicators of functional alteration of mitochondria. Mitochondrial disturbances presented in fibroblasts from HD patients confirm that the energy metabolism damage in HD is not localized only to the central nervous system, but also may play role in the pathogenesis of HD in peripheral tissues. Skin fibroblasts can thus serve as a suitable cellular model to make insight into HD pathobiochemical processes and for the identification of possible targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vanisova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stufkova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kohoutova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Rakosnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krizova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klempir
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rysankova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roth
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology in Huntington's Disease. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7020040. [PMID: 35645302 PMCID: PMC9149967 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare, hereditary, and progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by involuntary choreatic movements with cognitive and behavioral disturbances. In order to mitigate impairments in motor function, physical exercise was integrated in HD rehabilitative interventions, showing to be a powerful tool to ameliorate the quality of life of HD-affected patients. This review aims to describe the effects of physical exercise on HD-related skeletal muscle disorders in both murine and human models. We performed a literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases on the role of physical activity in mouse models of HD and human patients. Fifteen publications fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review. Studies performed on mouse models showed a controversial role played by exercise, whereas in HD-affected patients, physical activity appeared to have positive effects on gait, motor function, UHDMRS scale, cognitive function, quality of life, postural stability, total body mass, fatty acid oxidative capacity, and VO2 max. Physical activity seems to be feasible, safe, and effective for HD patients. However, further studies with longer follow-up and larger cohorts of patients will be needed to draw firm conclusions on the positive effects of exercise for HD patients.
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Neueder A, Orth M. Mitochondrial biology and the identification of biomarkers of Huntington's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2020; 10:243-255. [PMID: 32746707 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2019-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from finding novel compounds for treating Huntington's disease (HD) an important challenge at present consists in finding reliable read-outs or biomarkers that reflect key biological processes involved in HD pathogenesis. The core elements of HD biology, for example, HTT RNA levels or protein species can serve as biomarker, as could measures from biological systems or pathways in which Huntingtin plays an important role. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial biology in HD. The most consistent findings pertain to mitochondrial quality control, for example, fission/fusion. However, a convincing mitochondrial signature with biomarker potential is yet to emerge. This requires more research including in peripheral sources of human material, such as blood, or skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,SwissHuntington's Disease Centre, Neurozentrum Siloah, Worbstr. 312, 3073 Gümligenbei Bern, Switzerland
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Mueller SM, Mihaylova V, Frese S, Petersen JA, Ligon-Auer M, Aguayo D, Flück M, Jung HH, Toigo M. Satellite cell content in Huntington's disease patients in response to endurance training. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:135. [PMID: 31186054 PMCID: PMC6560826 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle wasting is a hallmark of Huntington’s disease (HD). However, data on myocellular characteristics and myofiber remodeling in HD patients are scarce. We aimed at gaining insights into myocellular characteristics of HD patients as compared to healthy controls at rest and after a period of increased skeletal muscle turnover. Methods Myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-specific cross-sectional area, satellite cell content, myonuclear number, myonuclear domain, and muscle fiber type distribution were determined from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies at rest and after 26 weeks of endurance training in HD patients and healthy controls. Results At the beginning of the study, there were no differences in myocellular characteristics between HD patients and healthy controls. Satellite cell content per MyHC-1 fiber (P = 0.014) and per MyHC-1 myonucleus (P = 0.006) increased significantly in healthy controls during the endurance training intervention, whereas it remained constant in HD patients (P = 0.804 and P = 0.975 for satellite cell content per MyHC-1 fiber and myonucleus, respectively). All further variables were not altered during the training intervention in HD patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Similar skeletal muscle characteristics between HD patients and healthy controls at baseline suggested similar potential for myofiber remodeling in response to exercise. However, the missing satellite cell response in MyHC-1 myofibers following endurance training in HD patients points to a potential dysregulation in the exercise-induced activation and/or proliferation of satellite cells. In the longer-term, impaired myonuclear turnover might be associated with the clinical observation of skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Manuel Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Research and Performance Center for Elite Athleticism, OYM, Lorzenparkstrasse 12, 6330, Cham, Switzerland
| | - Violeta Mihaylova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Frese
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens A Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ligon-Auer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Aguayo
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Toigo
- Research and Performance Center for Elite Athleticism, OYM, Lorzenparkstrasse 12, 6330, Cham, Switzerland. .,Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mueller SM, Petersen JA, Jung HH. Exercise in Huntington's Disease: Current State and Clinical Significance. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 9:601. [PMID: 30783551 PMCID: PMC6377806 DOI: 10.7916/tm9j-f874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there is no cure for the disease, but treatment may alleviate HD symptoms. In recent years, several exercise training interventions have been conducted in HD patients. In the current article, we review previous studies investigating targeted exercise training interventions in HD patients. Methods We performed a literature search using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases on exercise training interventions in HD patients. Six publications fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review. Results Exercise training resulted in beneficial effects on cardiovascular and mitochondrial function. Training effects on cognition, motor function, and body composition were less congruent, but a positive effect seems likely. Health-related quality of life during the training interventions was stable. Most studies reported no related adverse events in response to training. Discussion Exercise training seems to be safe and feasible in HD patients. However, current knowledge is mainly based on short, small-scale studies and it cannot be transferred to all HD patients. Therefore, longer-term interventions with larger HD patient cohorts are necessary to draw firm conclusions about the potentially positive effects of exercise training in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens A Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Hans H Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH
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Mueller SM, Gehrig SM, Petersen JA, Frese S, Mihaylova V, Ligon-Auer M, Khmara N, Nuoffer JM, Schaller A, Lundby C, Toigo M, Jung HH. Effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in Huntington disease patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:184. [PMID: 29258585 PMCID: PMC5735536 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a pathogenic factor in Huntington disease (HD). Physical exercise leads to enhanced mitochondrial function in healthy participants. However, data on effects of physical exercise on HD skeletal muscle remains scarce. We aimed at investigating adaptations of the skeletal muscle mitochondria to endurance training in HD patients. Methods Thirteen HD patients and 11 healthy controls completed 26 weeks of endurance training. Before and after the training phase muscle biopsies were obtained from M. vastus lateralis. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, capillarization, and muscle fiber type distribution were determined from muscle samples. Results Citrate synthase activity increased during the training intervention in the whole cohort (P = 0.006). There was no group x time interaction for citrate synthase activity during the training intervention (P = 0.522). Complex III (P = 0.008), Complex V (P = 0.043), and succinate cytochrome c reductase (P = 0.008) activities increased in HD patients and controls by endurance training. An increase in mass-specific mitochondrial respiratory capacity was present in HD patients during the endurance training intervention. Overall capillary-to-fiber ratio increased in HD patients by 8.4% and in healthy controls by 6.4% during the endurance training intervention. Conclusions Skeletal muscle mitochondria of HD patients are equally responsive to an endurance-training stimulus as in healthy controls. Endurance training is a safe and feasible option to enhance indices of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of HD patients and may represent a potential therapeutic approach to delay the onset and/or progression of muscular dysfunction. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01879267. Registered May 24, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Manuel Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, , University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Maria Gehrig
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, , University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens A Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, , University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Frese
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, , University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Ligon-Auer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, , University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Khmara
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, , University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - André Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Toigo
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Balgrist University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, , University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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