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Lucas-Herald AK, Alkanhal KI, Caney E, Malik I, Alimussina M, McNeilly JD, Bradnock T, Lee B, Steven M, Flett M, O’Toole S, McGowan R, Faisal Ahmed S. Gonadal Function in Boys with Bilateral Undescended Testes. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvad153. [PMID: 38205164 PMCID: PMC10777671 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bilateral undescended testes (BUDT) may be a marker of an underlying condition that affects sex development or maturation. Aims To describe the extent of gonadal dysfunction in cases of BUDT who had systematic endocrine and genetic evaluation at a single tertiary pediatric center. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all boys with BUDT who had endocrine evaluation between 2008 and 2021 at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (RHCG). Continuous variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and non-continuous variables using Fisher's exact, via Graphpad Prism v 8.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify any associations between groups. A P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 243 bilateral orchidopexies were performed at RHCG between 2008 and 2021. Of these 130 (53%) boys were seen by the endocrine team. The median (range) age at first orchidopexy was 1 year (0.2, 18.0) with 16 (12%) requiring re-do orchidopexy. The median External Masculinization Score of the group was 10 (2, 11) with 33 (25%) having additional genital features. Of the 130 boys, 71 (55%) had extragenital anomalies. Of the 70 who were tested, a genetic abnormality was detected in 38 (54%), most commonly a chromosomal variant in 16 (40%). Of the 100 who were tested, endocrine dysfunction was identified in 38 (38%). Conclusion Genetic findings and evidence of gonadal dysfunction are common in boys who are investigated secondary to presentation with BUDT. Endocrine and genetic evaluation should be part of routine clinical management of all cases of BUDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Khalid I Alkanhal
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Obesity and Endocrine Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, 58046 Riyady 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma Caney
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Iman Malik
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Malika Alimussina
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Jane D McNeilly
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Timothy Bradnock
- Department of General Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Boma Lee
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Mairi Steven
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Martyn Flett
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Stuart O’Toole
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Ruth McGowan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alharbi M, Alzahrani RS, Almutairi MF. Chromosome 2 Interstitial Deletion (del(2)(q14.1q22.1) Syndrome With Novel Skeletal and Central Nervous System Features. Cureus 2023; 15:e33586. [PMID: 36636524 PMCID: PMC9830841 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we present the case of a Saudi baby boy with a rare de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 2q14.1-q22.1. His karyotype was confirmed as 46,XY 1(?)q14.2-1q21.3) but further investigation using chromosomal microarray analysis yielded the deletion breakpoints as 2q14.1q22.1. To date, only 10 cases have been reported within or spanning the deletion of the 2q13-2q22.1 region. In comparison to the established cases, our proband shares similar features, such as bitemporal narrowing, deep vein thrombosis, and horseshoe kidney. However, our proband presented with new features which included congenital knee dislocation, congenital vertical talus, bilateral hip dislocation, and myelomeningocele. Moreover, all the reported cases share GLI2 deletion which may reflect the phenotypic features in patients with the deletion of 2q14.1q22.1.
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Wongkittichote P, Kondis JS, Peglar LM, Strahle JM, Miller-Thomas M, Abell KB. Pathogenic variant in NFIA associated with subdural hematomas mimicking nonaccidental trauma. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1538-1544. [PMID: 35006644 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Subdural hematoma (SDH) in infants raises the concern for nonaccidental trauma (NAT), especially when presenting with associated injuries. However, isolated SDH could be caused by multiple etiologies. NFIA (MIM# 600727) encodes nuclear factor I A protein (NFI-A), a transcription factor which plays important roles in gliogenesis. Loss-of-function variants in NFIA are associated with autosomal dominant brain malformations with or without urinary tract defects (MIM# 613735). Intracranial hemorrhage of various types besides SDH has been reported in patients with this condition. Here, we report a patient with a heterozygous novel NFIA pathogenic variant affecting splicing who initially presented with SDH concerning for NAT. We also review previous NFIA-related disorder cases with intracranial hemorrhage. This report emphasizes the importance of genetic evaluation in infants presenting with isolated SDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jamie S Kondis
- Child Abuse Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lindsay M Peglar
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michelle Miller-Thomas
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine B Abell
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Almuzzaini B, Alatwi NS, Alsaif S, Al Balwi MA. A novel interstitial deletion of chromosome 2q21.1-q23.3: Case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1135. [PMID: 31989799 PMCID: PMC7196451 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial deletions of 2q are rare. Those that have been reported show varying clinical manifestations according to the size of the deletion and the genomic region involved. Method and Results We describe a preterm male harboring a novel interstitial deletion encompassing the 2q21.2‐q23.3 region of 2q, a deletion that has not been described previously. The patient had multiple congenital anomalies including agenesis of the corpus callosum, congenital cardiac defects, bilateral hydronephrosis, spontaneous intestinal perforation, hypospadias and cryptorchidism, sacral dimple and rocker‐bottom feet. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis revealed a de novo >18 Mb deletion at 2q21.1–q23.3, a region that included (605802, 611472 and 604593) OMIM genes. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a de novo interstitial deletion at 2q21.1–q23.3 in which haploinsufficiency of dose‐sensitive genes is shown to contribute to the patient's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Almuzzaini
- Department of Medical Genomics Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Alatwi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Alsaif
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al Balwi
- Department of Medical Genomics Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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