Genetic risk score is associated with T2DM and diabetes complications risks.
Gene X 2022;
849:146921. [PMID:
36174902 DOI:
10.1016/j.gene.2022.146921]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prototypical complex disease with polygenic architecture playing an important role in determining susceptibility to develop the disease (and its complications) in subjects exposed to modifiable lifestyle factors. A current challenge is to quantify the degree of the individual's genetic risk using genetic risk scores (GRS) capturing the results of genome-wide association studies while incorporating possible ethnicity- or population-specific differences.
METHODS
This study included three groups of T2DM (T2DM-I, N=1,032; T2DM-II, N=353; and T2DM-III, N=399) patients and 2,481 diabetes-free subjects. The status of the microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications were known for the T2DM-I patients. Overall, 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed, and selected subsets were used to determine the GRS (both weighted - wGRS and unweighted - uGRS) for T2DM risk predictions (6 SNPs) and for predicting the risks of complications (7 SNPs).
RESULTS
The strongest T2DM markers (P<0.0001) were within the genes for TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like 2), FTO (fat mass and obesity associated protein) and ARAP1 (ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1). The T2DM-I subjects with uGRS values greater (Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval) than six had at least twice (2.00, 1.72-2.32) the risk of T2DM development (P<0.0001), and these results were confirmed in the independent groups (T2DM-II 1.82, 1.45-2.27; T2DM-III 2.63, 2.11-3.27). The wGRS (>0.6) further improved (P<0.000001) the risk estimations for all three T2DM groups. The uGRS was also a significant predictor of neuropathy (P<0.0001), nephropathy (P<0.005) and leg ischemia (P<0.0005).
CONCLUSIONS
If carefully selected and specified, GRS, both weighted and unweighted, could be significant predictors of T2DM development, as well as the diabetes complications development.
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