Influence of IL-1R2 polymorphisms on endometrial cancer susceptibility in the Chinese Han population

Evaluation of three microhaplotypes in individual identification and ancestry inference

Microhaplotype as an emerging genetic marker has attracted more attention in forensic field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of microhaplotypes in individual identification and ancestry inference in Chinese Hainan Li and 26 1000 G populations. Three microhaplotypes were genotyped from 100 Li individuals using Agena MassARRAY. Moreover, 2504 individuals from 26 populations (1000 Genomes Project database) were enrolled. The genotypes frequencies of microhaplotypes in each population were calculated by the Plink software. We used Structure, Arlequin, and MEGA6 software to analyze the genetic structure, differentiation and genetic background difference, respectively. The forensic parameters of these microhaplotypes were calculated using Modified Powerstats software. The distribution of genotypes frequencies of three microhaplotypes elaborated the high diversities among the Li and 26 1000 G populations. Li population had a close genetic relationship with EAS populations using structure analysis. No differentiation was observed between Li and CHS population by Fst analysis. The NJ tree showed that the genetic background of Li and CHS is most similar. The average heterozygosity (HE), probability of match (PM), power of discrimination (PD), probability of exclusion (PE) and polymorphism information content (PIC) values for the three microhaplotypes in 27 populations were 0.535, 0.497, 0.465, 0.325, and 0.481, respectively. In conclusion, our results revealed three microhaplotypes as individual identification and ancestry inference genetic markers among Li population and 26 1000 G populations. Future studies are needed to confirm our results with larger samples and select much higher forensic efficacy microhaplotypes.

IL-1 Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) has long been known for its pleiotropic effects on inflammation that plays a complex, and sometimes contrasting, role in different stages of cancer development. As a major proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β is mainly expressed by innate immune cells. IL-1α, however, is expressed by various cell types under physiological and pathological conditions. IL-1R1 is the main receptor for both ligands and is expressed by various cell types, including innate and adaptive immune cell types, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, etc. IL-1 and IL-1R1 receptor interaction leads to a set of common signaling pathways, mainly the NF-kB and MAP kinase pathways, as a result of complex positive and negative regulations. The variety of cell types with IL-1R1 expression dictates the role of IL-1 signaling at different stages of cancer, which under certain circumstances leads to contrasting roles in tumor development. Recent availability of IL-1R1 conditional knockout mouse model has made it possible to dissect the role of IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling transduction in different cell types within the tumor microenvironment. This chapter will focus on the role of IL-1/IL-1R1 in different cell types within the tumor microenvironment and discuss the potential of targeting this pathway in cancer therapy.

Influence of IL-1R2 polymorphisms on endometrial cancer susceptibility in the Chinese Han population

Background

Recently, many studies have identified that genetic factor plays a crucial role in endometrial cancer development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐1R2 on endometrial cancer susceptibility.

Methods

We performed a case‐control study that included 293 patients with endometrial cancer and 579 healthy controls. Six SNPs in the IL‐1R2 gene were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Genetic models and haplotype analyses were used to assess the association between SNPs and endometrial cancer risk by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Overall analysis results found that two SNPs (rs4851527 and rs3218896) and haplotypes TGTC and TACT were significantly associated with endometrial cancer risk. Stratified analysis by age showed that rs2072472 was associated with endometrial cancer risk in age >54 subgroup.

Conclusions

These findings suggested that IL‐1R2 polymorphisms may contribute to the development of endometrial cancer. Further studies are required to confirm the results.