Lnc-GIHCG promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer through miR- 1281 adsorption

A novel Cuproptosis-related LncRNA signature to predict prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Increased intracellular toxicity due to an imbalance in copper homeostasis caused by copper ion accumulation could regulate the rate of cancer cell growth and proliferation. The goal of this study was to create a novel Cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature that may be utilized to predict survival and immunotherapy in HCC patients. Cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs and differentially expressed lncRNAs between HCC tumor tissue and normal tissue were discovered first. By LASSO-Cox analysis, the overlapping lncRNAs were then utilized to build a Cuproptosis-associated lncRNA signature, which might be used to predict patient prognosis and responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Differences in the infiltration of immune cell subpopulations between high and low-risk score subgroups were also analyzed. Moreover, a nomogram based on the Cuproptosis-associated lncRNA signature and clinical features was developed and demonstrated to have good predictive potential. Finally, qRT-PCR was performed in HerpG2 and MHCC-97H cell lines to explore whether these lncRNAs were indeed involved in the process of Cuproptosis. In summary, we created a prognostic lncRNA profile linked to Cuproptosis to forecast response to immunotherapy, which may provide a new potential non-apoptotic therapeutic perspective for HCC patients.

Potential Key Markers for Predicting the Prognosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Based on the Expression of Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA

Background. Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and it ranks third in global cancer-related mortality. This research was aimed at identifying new targeted treatments for gastric adenocarcinoma by constructing a ferroptosis-related lncRNA prognostic feature model. Methods. The gene expression profile and clinical data of gastric adenocarcinoma patients were downloaded from TCGA database. FerrDb database was used to determine the expression of iron death-related genes. We used R software to clean the TCAG gastric adenocarcinoma gene expression cohort and screen iron death-related differential genes and lncRNAs. The potential prognostic markers and immune infiltration characteristics were determined by constructing prognostic model and multivariate validation of lncRNA related to ferroptosis prognosis. Finally, the characteristics of immune infiltration were determined by immune correlation analysis. Results. We identified 26 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs with independent prognostic value. The Kaplan-Meier analysis identified high-risk lncRNAs associated with poor prognosis of STAD. The risk scoring model constructed by AC115619.1, AC005165.1, LINC01614, and AC002451.1 was better than traditional clinicopathological features. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of STAD patients were predicted by the nomogram. GSEA reveals the oxidative respiration and tumor-related pathways in different risk groups. Immune analysis found significant differences in the expression of immune checkpoint-related genes TNFSF9, TNFSF4, and PDCD1LG2 between the two groups of patients. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in APC co stimulation, CCR, and checkpoint between the two groups. Conclusion. Based on the prognostic characteristics of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, we identified the potential ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and immune infiltration characteristics in gastric adenocarcinoma, which will help provide new targeted treatments for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Circ_0001588 Upregulates ERBB4 to Promote Glioma Malignant Progression Through Sponging miR-1281

Circular RNA (circRNA) plays a crucial part in glioma progression. However, the function of circ_0001588 in glioma development is still unknown. The study aims to reveal the role of circ_0001588 in glioma malignant progression and the inner molecular mechanism. The RNA expressions of circ_0001588, microRNA-1281 (miR-1281), and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was checked by western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry assay. Cell proliferation was investigated by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry, transwell, and tube formation assays were used to detect cell apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion as well as angiogenesis, respectively. The binding relationship between miR-1281 and circ_0001588 or ERBB4 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Mouse model assay was performed to confirm the effect of circ_0001588 knockdown on tumor formation in vivo. Circ_0001588 and ERBB4 expressions were significantly upregulated, while miR-1281 was downregulated in glioma tissues and cells compared with control groups. Circ_0001588 expression was closely related to tumor size and WHO grade of glioma. Decreased expression of circ_0001588 in glioma cells led to significant decreases of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation and an increase of cell apoptosis. Additionally, downregulation of miR-1281, a target miRNA of circ_0001588, rescued circ_0001588 knockdown-mediated effects. MiR-1281 also inhibited glioma malignant progression by targeting ERBB4. Importantly, circ_0001588 regulated ERBB4 expression by interacting with miR-1281. Furthermore, circ_0001588 depletion suppressed tumor formation in vivo. Circ_0001588 acted as an oncogene in glioma malignant progression by miR-1281/ERBB4 pathway, suggesting the potential of circ_0001588 as a therapeutic target for glioma.

CircularLRRC7 is a Potential Tumor Suppressor Associated With miR-1281 and PDXP Expression in Glioblastoma

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are usually enriched in neural tissues, yet about 80% circRNAs have lower expression in gliomas relative to normal brains, highlighting the importance of circRNAs as tumor suppressors. However, the clinical impact as well as the pathways regulated by the tumor-suppressive circRNAs remain largely unknown in glioblastoma (GBM). Through bioinformatic analysis followed by experimental validation, we found that hsa_circ_0114014 (circLRRC7) was dramatically down-regulated in GBM when compared with normal brain tissues (p < 0.0001). GBM patients with a lower circLRRC7 expression had poorer progression-free survival (PFS, p < 0.05) and overall survival (OS, p < 0.05). Analyses of the predicted target miRNAs of circLRRC7 in CSCD and CRI databases, in combination with the miRNA expression data in GBMs and normal brains from GSE database, revealed miR-1281 as a potential downstream target of circLRRC7. Subsequently, the target genes of hsa-mir-1281 were predicted by TargetScan, miRDB and miRNATAR databases. Intersection analysis and correlation test indicated that PDXP was a potential target of miR-1281. In summary, circLRRC7 may be a tumor suppressor that associated with miR-1281 and PDXP expression in GBM, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.

FGD5‑AS1 is an oncogenic lncRNA in pancreatic cancer and regulates the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway via miR‑577

The objective of the present study was to clarify the expression characteristics of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1) in pancreatic cancer, as well as its biological function and underlying mechanism. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized for the detection of FGD5-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-577 expression levels in pancreatic cancer tissues. Transfection was performed to upregulate or downregulate FGD5-AS1 in pancreatic cancer cell lines. MTT and Transwell assays were then utilized to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells, respectively. Subsequently, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, RNA pull-down assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and Pearson's correlation analysis were employed to confirm the regulatory relationships among FGD5-AS1, miR-577, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and β-catenin. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression levels of Axin2, cyclin D1 and c-Myc. The expression level of FGD5-AS1 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. FGD5-AS1 knockdown inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. By contrast, miR-577 was significantly inhibited in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues; its downregulation promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and reversed the effects of FGD5-AS1 knockdown on pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, it was revealed that miR-577 was a target of FGD5-AS1, and FGD5-AS1 could modulate the expression levels of LRP6, β-catenin, Axin2, cyclin D1 and c-Myc via suppressing miR-577. In conclusion, in pancreatic cancer, highly expressed FGD5-AS1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promoted cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion via suppression of miR-577.

Knockdown of hsa_circ_0000729 Inhibits the Tumorigenesis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Mediation of miR-1281/FOXO3 Axis

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a subtype of lung cancer which seriously threatens the health of people. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are endogenous RNAs which have stable closed structure; they are known to be involved in tumorigenesis of NSCLC. Meanwhile, hsa_circ_0000729 was reported to be upregulated in NSCLC. Nevertheless, the function of hsa_circ_0000729 in NSCLC remains unclear.

Methods

Western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to investigate protein and mRNA levels, respectively. CCK-8 assay was performed to test the cell viability and cell death was investigated by flow cytometry. NSCLC cell pyroptosis was observed by electron microscope. In addition, the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells were detected by wound healing and transwell assay. The relation among hsa_circ_0000729, miR-1281 and FOXO3 was explored by dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down.

Results

Hsa_circ_0000729 was found to be upregulated in NSCLC cells, and hsa_circ_0000729 knockdown obviously suppressed the proliferation of NSCLC cells through inducing pyroptosis. In addition, silencing of hsa_circ_0000729 notably inhibited the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, hsa_circ_0000729 could bind with miR-1281, and FOXO3 was directly targeted by miR-1281. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect of hsa_circ_0000729 siRNAs on NSCLC was markedly reversed by miR-1281 antagomir. Furthermore, silencing of hsa_circ_0000729 inhibited the tumor growth of NSCLC in vivo.

Conclusion

Knockdown of hsa_circ_0000729 inhibits the tumorigenesis of NSCLC through mediation of miR-1281/FOXO3 axis. Thus, hsa_circ_0000729 might be served as a crucial mediator in NSCLC.

LncRNA LINC00963 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating miR‑1281 and TRIM65

Reportedly, long-chain non-coding RNA LINC00963 features prominently in cancer biology. However, functional details of LINC00963 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be elucidated. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR was performed to examine LINC00963 and microRNA (miR)-1281 expression levels in 53 matched pairs of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues from patients with CRC. Tripartite motif-containing 65 (TRIM65) protein expression in CRC cells was detected via western blot analysis. Furthermore, LINC00963 overexpression plasmid, LINC00963 small interfering RNA, miR-1281 mimics or miR-1281 inhibitors were transfected into CRC cells, and Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation and Transwell assays were adopted to study the effects of LINC00963 and miR-1281 on the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase, RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the regulatory relationship between LINC00963, miR-1281 and TRIM65. LINC00963 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells, while miR-1281 was downregulated. Functionally, LINC00963 facilitated the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, and increased the expression levels of Ki67, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9, while miR-1281 had the opposite biological functions. Mechanistically, LINC00963 sponged miR-1281 and repressed its expression in CRC cells, resulting in the upregulation of TRIM65. LINC00963 positively regulates TRIM65 in CRC progression by repressing miR-1281 expression, showing potential as a therapeutic target for treating CRC.

Machine learning predicts treatment sensitivity in multiple myeloma based on molecular and clinical information coupled with drug response

Providing treatment sensitivity stratification at the time of cancer diagnosis allows better allocation of patients to alternative treatment options. Despite many clinical and biological risk markers having been associated with variable survival in cancer, assessing the interplay of these markers through Machine Learning (ML) algorithms still remains to be fully explored. Here, we present a Multi Learning Training approach (MuLT) combining supervised, unsupervised and self-supervised learning algorithms, to examine the predictive value of heterogeneous treatment outcomes for Multiple Myeloma (MM). We show that gene expression values improve the treatment sensitivity prediction and recapitulates genetic abnormalities detected by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing. MuLT performance was assessed by cross-validation experiments, in which it predicted treatment sensitivity with 68.70% of AUC. Finally, simulations showed numerical evidences that in average 17.07% of patients could get better response to a different treatment at the first line.

DNM3OS Facilitates Ovarian Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-193a-3p/MAP3K3 Axis

PURPOSE

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators in the development of ovarian cancer (OC). Nonetheless, the function of lncRNA DNM3 opposite strand/antisense RNA (DNM3OS) in OC remains unclear. This work aimed to investigate the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of DNM3OS in OC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine DNM3OS, microRNA (miR)-193a-3p, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAP3K3) mRNA expression in OC tissues and cell lines. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between DNM3OS expression and the prognosis of OC patients. Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and transwell experiments were conducted to monitor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. Western blot was applied to examine epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated protein (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) expression. Luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to confirm the relationships among DNM3OS, miR-193a-3p, and MAP3K3. Pearson's correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlations among DNM3OS, miR-193a-3p, and MAP3K3 mRNA.

RESULTS

DNM3OS expression was remarkably increased in OC tissues and cell lines, which was associated with the unfavorable prognosis of the patients. DNM3OS overexpression enhanced OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; suppressed E-cadherin protein expression; and facilitated N-cadherin protein expression, while the transfection of miR-193a-3p mimics had the opposite effects. DNM3OS directly interacted with miR-193a-3p, and miR-193a-3p targeted MAP3K3 by directly binding to 3'UTR. DNM3OS could up-regulate the expression of MAP3K3 via repressing miR-193a-3p expression.

CONCLUSION

DNM3OS, as an oncogenic lncRNA, increases the malignancy of OC cells via regulation of an miR-193a-3p/MAP3K3 axis.

Prognostic Value of TLE1 Gene Expression in Patients with T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background:

Transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1( is a member of the TLE family of transcriptional co-repressors that control the transcription of a wide range of genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of TLE1 gene expression in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).

Method:

This study was conducted on 97 newly diagnosed T-ALL patients admitted to the Mansoura University oncology center (59 males and 38 females) with median age (33 years) in addition to 102 apparently healthy individuals served as a control group. TLE1 gene expression was measured in both patients and control groups by real time – PCR. The calculation of relative gene expression was done using the ΔΔCt method.

Results:

TEL1 gene expression was significantly down regulated in T-ALL cases (median 2.83) as compared to controls (median 84.65) (p < 0.001). The low TEL1 gene expression was significantly associated with CNS infiltration, non-remission and higher relapse rate (p< 0.001, 0.001 and 0.023 respectively). Likewise, Low TEL1 gene expression was significantly associated with shorter OS and DFS (P= 0.012 and 0.011 respectively). Furthermore, Low TEL1 gene expression was considered as risk predictor of relapse with OR 3.636(CI.1.422-9.295) (P =0.007); and OR 0.803(CI. 0.609-0.96) (P=0.021) and independent predictor of T-ALL patient’s outcome with OR 0.619 (CI. 0.44-0.872) (P=0.006).

Conclusion:

TLE1 gene expression was significantly down regulated in T-ALL cases as compared with controls. Low TLE1 expression is independent predictor of the T-ALL patient’s outcome.

Overview of host miRNA properties and their association with epigenetics, long non-coding RNAs, and Xeno-infectious factors

MicroRNA-derived structures play impressive roles in various biological processes. So dysregulation of miRNAs can lead to different human diseases. Recent studies have extended our comprehension of the control of miRNA function and features. Here, we overview some remarkable miRNA properties that have potential implications for the miRNA functions, including different variants of a miRNA called isomiRs, miRNA arm selection/arm switching, and the effect of these factors on miRNA target selection. Besides, we review some aspects of miRNA interactions such as the interaction between epigenetics and miRNA (different miRNAs and their related processing enzymes are epigenetically regulated by multiple DNA methylation enzymes. moreover, DNA methylation could be controlled by diverse mechanisms related to miRNAs), direct and indirect crosstalk between miRNA and lnc (Long Non-Coding) RNAs as a further approach to conduct intercellular regulation called "competing endogenous RNA" (ceRNA) that is involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases, and the interaction of miRNA activities and some Xeno-infectious (virus/bacteria/parasite) factors, which result in modulation of the pathogenesis of infections. This review provides some related studies to a better understanding of miRNA involvement mechanisms and overcoming the complexity of related diseases that may be applicable and useful to prognostic, diagnostic, therapeutic purposes and personalized medicine in the future.

Gene of the month: TLE 1

TLE 1 is the human homologue belonging to a family of four genes and is located on chromosome 9q21. It consists of 19 exons. Although it does not bind directly to DNA, it acts as a repressor of several signalling pathways via transcription factors. TLE1 protein has several physiological roles in embryogenesis, haematopoiesis, general differentiation, and both neuronal and eye development. Much attention was focused on its expression in the tumour cell nuclei of synovial sarcoma (SS). However, several other soft tissue tumours that do and do not share morphological similarity with SS also display nuclear immunoreactivity for TLE1; hence, caution in interpretation is advocated.

LncRNA GIHCG Promotes the Development of Esophageal Cancer by Modulating miR-29b-3p/ANO1 Axis

Background

Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers with a higher mortality worldwide. Although many long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are reported to play important roles in the progression of esophageal cancer, the function of lncRNA GIHCG in esophageal cancer remains unclear.

Methods

The expression of GIHCG in esophageal cancer tissues and cancer cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, EdU staining assay and colony formation assay. Cell invasion and migration were measured by transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by a flow cytometer. Luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were used to determine the interaction between GIHCG and miR-29b-3p, and their subsequent regulation of anoctamin 1 (ANO1). The expression of ANO1 in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by Western blot. The effect of GIHCG/miR-29b-3p in tumor formation was assessed by the xenograft nude mice model in vivo.

Results

GIHCG was significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues and relevant cancer cell lines. Downregulation of GIHCG significantly inhibited the growth, colony formation, invasion, migration and induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis and RIP assay determined that GIHCG was a sponge of miR-29b-3p, and ANO1 was a direct target of miR-29b-3p. Moreover, functional experiments showed that GIHCG upregulated ANO1 expression by directly sponging miR-29b-3p. Furthermore, in vivo experiment revealed that knockdown of GIHCG significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that lncRNA GIHCG promoted the progression of esophageal cancer by targeting the miR-29b-3p/ANO1 axis, suggesting that GIHCG might be a novel therapeutic target for esophageal cancer.

Overexpression of GIHCG is Associated with a Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed digestive cancers and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with key roles in HCC development and progression have emerged and are used in the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of HCC. The lncRNA gradually increased during hepatocarcinogenesis (GIHCG) is a novel lncRNA with aberrant expression in many tumors, but its prognostic value and biological role in HCC have not been fully studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the expression pattern and potential biological role of GIHCG in HCC.

Patients and Methods

The expression pattern of GIHCG in HCC was analyzed in our HCC cohort and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To assess the prognostic value of GIHCG, survival analyses and Cox regression analyses were carried out in two HCC cohorts. Functional enrichment analysis was used to predict the gene sets and pathways related to aberrant GIHCG expression. Furthermore, the relationship between GIHCG expression and immune infiltration in HCC was analyzed.

Results

GIHCG was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. In addition, high GIHCG expression was significantly correlated with inferior clinicopathological characteristics and shorter survival times. High GIHCG expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival in the HCC cohort in our center and in the TCGA-LIHC cohort. Hallmark terms such as “G2M checkpoint”, “MYC targets” and “DNA repair” were enriched in the GIHCG high-expression groups. High GIHCG expression negatively correlated with the infiltration of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and monocytes.

Conclusion

The findings of our study indicate that GIHCG is a biomarker that can be used to predict the prognosis of HCC patients and is correlated with immune cell infiltration in HCC.

Phosphorylated STAT3 suppresses microRNA-19b/1281 to aggravate lung injury in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated pulmonary tuberculosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and increased mortality. This work focused on the functions of phosphorylated STAT3 in lung injury in mouse with T2DM‐associated PTB and the molecules involved. A mouse model with T2DM‐PTB was induced by administrations of streptozotocin, nicotinamide and mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A pSTAT3‐specific inhibitor AG‐490 was given into mice and then the lung injury in mice was observed. The molecules involved in AG‐490‐mediated events were screened out. Altered expression of miR‐19b, miR‐1281 and NFAT5 was introduced to identify their involvements and roles in lung injury and PTB severity in the mouse model. Consequently, pSTAT3 expression in mice with T2DM‐associated PTB was increased. Down‐regulation of pSTAT3 by AG‐490 prolonged the lifetime of mice and improved the histopathologic conditions, and inhibited the fibrosis, inflammation, Mtb content and number of apoptotic epithelial cells in mouse lung tissues. pSTAT3 transcriptionally suppressed miR‐19b/1281 expression to up‐regulate NFAT5. Inhibition of miR‐19b/1281 or up‐regulation of NFAT5 blocked the protective roles of AG‐490 in mouse lung tissues. To conclude, this study evidenced that pSTAT3 promotes NFAT5 expression by suppressing miR‐19b/1281 transcription, leading to lung injury aggravation and severity in mice with T2DM‐associated PTB.

LINC01089 is a tumor-suppressive lncRNA in gastric cancer and it regulates miR-27a-3p/TET1 axis

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies around the world. Recently, the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in cancer biology has become a hot research topic. This work aimed to explore the biological function and underlying mechanism of LINC01089 in GC.

Methods

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to investigate the expression of LINC01089 in GC tissues and cells. The relationship between the expression level of LINC01089 and the clinicopathological parameters of GC was assessed. Cell models of LINC01089 overexpression, LINC01089 knockdown, miR-27a-3p overexpression, and miR-27a-3p inhibition were established by transfection. CCK-8 assay, BrdU assay, and Transwell assay were utilized to investigate the malignant biological behaviors of GC cell lines after transfection. Dual luciferase activity reporter assay, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and Western blot were utilized to the regulatory relationships among LINC01089, miR-27a-3p and tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1).

Result

LINC01089 down-regulation was observed in GC tissues and cell lines. Low expression level of LINC01089 in GC tissues was markedly linked to larger tumor size, higher T stage, as well as lymphatic metastasis of the patients. Functional experiments implied that LINC01089 overexpression impeded the proliferation, migration, as well as invasion of GC cells, whereas LINC01089 knockdown promoted the above malignant phenotypes. Additionally, up-regulation of miR-27a-3p was also observed in GC tissues. Functional experiments also showed that, miR-27a-3p overexpression boosted the malignant biological behaviors of GC cells; on the contrast, these phenotypes were impeded by miR-27a-3p inhibition. Moreover, LINC01089 interacted with and repressed miR-27a-3p, and miR-27a-3p antagonized the impact of LINC01089 on GC cells. Additionally, TET1 was verified as a target gene of miR-27a-3p, and could be positively regulated by LINC01089.

Conclusion

LINC01089 impedes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells by adsorbing miR-27a-3p and up-regulating the expression of TET1.

Circulating Non-coding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma-Pathogenesis and Potential Implications as Clinical Biomarkers

Liquid biopsy-the determination of circulating cells, proteins, DNA or RNA from biofluids through a "less invasive" approach-has emerged as a novel approach in all cancer entities. Circulating non-(protein) coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and YRNAs can be passively released by tissue or cell damage or actively secreted as cell-free circulating RNAs, bound to lipoproteins or carried by exosomes. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a growing body of evidence suggests circulating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and YRNAs as promising and easily accessible blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of RCC as well as for the prediction of prognosis and treatment response. In addition, circulating ncRNAs could also play a role in RCC pathogenesis and progression. This review gives an overview over the current study landscape of circulating ncRNAs and their involvement in RCC pathogenesis as well as their potential utility as future biomarkers in RCC diagnosis and treatment.

Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split-1 Inhibits Malignant Behaviors in vitro and Predicts a Better Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Background: Transducin-like enhancer of split-1 (TLE1), a member of the Groucho/TLE family of transcriptional corepressors, has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancers and function as a clinical prognostic indicator. However, the mechanisms and prognostic significance of TLE1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have not been elucidated. Methods: In this study, western blot analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to evaluate the expression of TLE1 and related proteins in PDAC cell lines. Wound healing, transwell migration and invasion, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to determine cell line-specific differences in metastasis and proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle detection. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics were undertaken to explore the molecular mechanisms and potential targeted molecules of TLE1. TLE1 expression in tumor and para-tumor tissues was evaluated by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry using a semiquantitative method (H-score) in 262 patients with radical PDAC resection. Correlation, Kaplan-Meier survival, univariate, and multivariate analyses were also performed. Results: Our findings showed that TLE1 expression was common in PDAC cell lines. Upregulation of TLE1 inhibited PDAC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in vitro by delaying the G0/G1 transition. Immunohistochemistry revealed that TLE1 was specifically expressed in the nucleus and at higher levels in tumor tissues compared with para-tumor tissues. Generally, high TLE1 expression was associated with no vascular invasion. In univariate analyses, high TLE1 expression was associated with longer disease-specific survival (DSS) in all patients and in 16 patient subgroups. In multivariate analyses, TLE1 expression was independently associated with DSS in all patients and four patient subgroups. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest that TLE1 has an inhibitory role in PDAC progression and is a favorable prognostic indicator for patients with resectable PDAC.

Circular RNA MTO1 suppresses tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma by sponging miR-3200-5p and targeting PEBP1

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common cancers with the fifth highest incidence of malignant tumors and the second highest death rate in the world. Ever-increasing investigations have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of numerous cancers. But so far, the recognization for circMTO1 that is realized and studied as a cancer-suppressing gene is a small part and the regulatory mechanism of circMTO1 in GC has yet to be further explored. In this study, our experimental results delineated that circMTO1 exhibited much lower expression level in GC tissues and cells. CircMTO1 overexpression slowed down GC progression via inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Besides, circMTO1 acted as a sponge for miR-3200-5p as well as it could negatively regulate the expression of miR-3200-5p. Moreover, circMTO1 was verified to compete with PEBP1 to bind to miR-3200-5p, thus decelerating the development of GC. In a word, this study was the first to indagate the underlying mechanism of circMTO1 in GC and confirmed circMTO1 exerted its anti-cancer effects by miR-3200-5p/PEBP1 axis, implying that circMTO1 may become a new promising therapeutic target for GC patients.

Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR Modulates KLF12 to Regulate Gastric Cancer Progression via PI3K/ATK Signaling Pathway by Sponging miR-618

Purpose

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) has been reported to dysregulate in many tumors. However, the mechanism of HOTAIR was rarely reported in GC.

Methods

The levels of HOTAIR, microRNA-618 (miR-618) and Krueppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) in GC tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cell viability and apoptotic rate were assessed via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The migrating and invading abilities were tested by Transwell assay. The protein levels of KLF12, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-ATK and ATK were measured by Western blot assay. These interactions between miR-618 and HOTAIR or KLF12 were predicted by DIANA tools, and then, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were conducted to validate these interactions. Besides, the xenograft tumor experiment was performed to further verify the roles of HOTAIR in GC.

Results

The levels of HOTAIR and KLF12 were significantly upregulated and the level of miR-618 was strikingly downregulated in GC tissues and cells. miR-618 was verified as a direct target of HOTAIR or KLF12. HOTAIR silencing blocked GC progression and PI3K/ATK signaling pathway by sponging miR-618 and also restrained xenograft tumor growth in vivo. miR-618 inhibited GC progression and PI3K/ATK signaling pathway by targeting KLF12. Mechanistically, HOTAIR modulated KLF12 expression by sponging miR-618 in GC cells.

Conclusion

These data unraveled that HOTAIR promoted GC progression through PI3K/ATK signaling pathway via miR-618/KLF12 axis.

LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 facilitates the tumorigenesis and stemness of gastric carcinoma via regulation of miR-708-5p/USF1 pathway

Objectives

As one of the most life‐threatening malignancies, gastric cancer is the third contributor of cancer mortalities globally. Increasing studies have proven the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the development of diverse malignant tumours. But little is known about its function and molecular mechanism in gastric carcinoma.

Materials and methods

RT‐qPCR was performed to measure the expression pattern of LOXL1‐AS1 in gastric cancer. To ascertain its definite role, CCK‐8, EdU, Western blot, transwell and sphere formation assays were adopted. RNA pull‐down, RIP, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to investigate the molecular mechanism of LOXL1‐AS1 in gastric carcinoma.

Results

LOXL1‐AS1 was highly expressed in tissues and cells of gastric cancer. The upregulation of LOXL1‐AS1 predicted poor prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Our findings demonstrated that LOXL1‐AS1 accelerated the deterioration of gastric cancer by inducing cell proliferation, migration, EMT and stemness. Moreover, the expression of USF1 in gastric cancer was higher than in normal control and LOXL1‐AS1 negatively modulated USF1. Functionally, LOXL1‐AS1 acted as a ceRNA to upregulate USF1 via sponging miR‐708‐5p. Besides, we confirmed USF1 promoted the transcription of stemness marker SOX2. Rescue experiments testified the stimulative role of LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐708‐5p/USF1 pathway in gastric cancer progression. It was also validated that LOXL1‐AS1 facilitated cell growth of gastric carcinoma in vivo.

Conclusions

Our study unravelled that LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐708‐5p/USF1 pathway contributed to the development of gastric cancer.

Lnc-GIHCG promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer through miR- 1281 adsorption

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are from the family of noncoding RNAs. Existing studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in many biological processes and are strongly related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Recent studies have indicated that lncRNA GIHCG participates in the progression of many cancers by adjusting cell proliferation and migration. Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that arises from gastric epithelium. This study mainly explored the influence of GIHCG on GC and its underlying mechanism.

Methods

GIHCG expression was detected in GC through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction while the relationship of GIHCG with miR‐1281 and miR‐1281 with TLE1 was verified using dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The influence of GIHCG, miR‐1281 and TLE1 on cell function was verified using cell counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and Transwell experiment.

Results

In GC, GIHCG was significantly overexpressed and significantly increased cell proliferation and migration, with the possible mechanism of upregulatingTLE1 expression through adsorption of miR‐1281.

Conclusion

Taken together, we revealed the role of GIHCG/miR‐1281/TLE1 in GC and provided a new perspective.