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Abstract
ABSTRACT This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art of musculoskeletal 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the associated technological challenges, and gives an overview of current and future clinical applications of 1 H-based 7 T MRI. The higher signal-to-noise ratio at 7 T is predominantly used for increased spatial resolution and thus the visualization of anatomical details or subtle lesions rather than to accelerate the sequences. For musculoskeletal MRI, turbo spin echo pulse sequences are particularly useful, but with altered relaxation times, B1 inhomogeneity, and increased artifacts at 7 T; specific absorption rate limitation issues quickly arise for turbo spin echo pulse sequences. The development of dedicated pulse sequence techniques in the last 2 decades and the increasing availability of specialized coils now facilitate several clinical musculoskeletal applications. 7 T MRI is performed in vivo in a wide range of applications for the knee joint and other anatomical areas, such as ultra-high-resolution nerve imaging or bone trabecular microarchitecture imaging. So far, however, it has not been shown systematically whether the higher field strength compared with the established 3 T MRI systems translates into clinical advantages, such as an early-stage identification of tissue damage allowing for preventive therapy or an influence on treatment decisions and patient outcome. At the moment, results tend to suggest that 7 T MRI will be reserved for answering specific, targeted musculoskeletal questions rather than for a broad application, as is the case for 3 T MRI. Future data regarding the implementation of clinical use cases are expected to clarify if 7 T musculoskeletal MRI applications with higher diagnostic accuracy result in patient benefits compared with MRI at lower field strengths.
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2
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Delgado PR, Kuehne A, Periquito JS, Millward JM, Pohlmann A, Waiczies S, Niendorf T. B 1 inhomogeneity correction of RARE MRI with transceive surface radiofrequency probes. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2684-2701. [PMID: 32447779 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of surface radiofrequency (RF) coils is common practice to boost sensitivity in (pre)clinical MRI. The number of transceive surface RF coils is rapidly growing due to the surge in cryogenically cooled RF technology and ultrahigh-field MRI. Consequently, there is an increasing need for effective correction of the excitation field ( B 1 + ) inhomogeneity inherent in these coils. Retrospective B1 correction permits quantitative MRI, but this usually requires a pulse sequence-specific analytical signal intensity (SI) equation. Such an equation is not available for fast spin-echo (Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enhancement, RARE) MRI. Here we present, test, and validate retrospective B1 correction methods for RARE. METHODS We implemented the commonly used sensitivity correction and developed an empirical model-based method and a hybrid combination of both. Tests and validations were performed with a cryogenically cooled RF probe and a single-loop RF coil. Accuracy of SI quantification and T1 contrast were evaluated after correction. RESULTS The three described correction methods achieved dramatic improvements in B1 homogeneity and significantly improved SI quantification and T1 contrast, with mean SI errors reduced from >40% to >10% following correction in all cases. Upon correction, images of phantoms and mouse heads demonstrated homogeneity comparable to that of images acquired with a volume resonator. This was quantified by SI profile, SI ratio (error < 10%), and percentage of integral uniformity (PIU > 80% in vivo and ex vivo compared to PIU > 87% with the reference RF coil). CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the efficacy of three B1 correction methods tailored for transceive surface RF probes and RARE MRI. The corrected images are suitable for quantification and show comparable results between the three methods, opening the way for T1 measurements and X-nuclei quantification using surface transceiver RF coils. This approach is applicable to other MR techniques for which no analytical SI exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ramos Delgado
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - João S Periquito
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,MRI.TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Lazik-Palm A, Kraff O, Rietsch SHG, Ladd ME, Kamminga M, Beck S, Quick HH, Theysohn JM. 7-T clinical MRI of the shoulder in patients with suspected lesions of the rotator cuff. Eur Radiol Exp 2020; 4:10. [PMID: 32030499 PMCID: PMC7005228 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-019-0142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate feasibility and diagnostic performance of clinical 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder. Methods Eight patients with suspected lesions of the rotator cuff underwent 7-T MRI before arthroscopy. Image quality was scored for artifacts, B1+ inhomogeneities, and assessability of anatomical structures. A structured radiological report was compared to arthroscopy. In four patients, a visual comparison with pre-existing 1.5-T examinations was performed. Results Regarding image quality, the majority of the sequences reached values above the middle of each scoring scale. Fat-saturated proton density sequences showed least artifacts and best structure assessability. The most homogenous B1+ field was reached with gradient-echo sequences. Arthroscopy did not confirm tendinopathy/partial tear of supraspinatus in 5/8 patients, of subscapularis in 5/6, and of infraspinatus in one patient; only a partial lesion of the subscapularis tendon was missed. Pathologic findings of long bicipital tendon, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral cartilage, labrum, and subacromial subdeltoideal bursa were mainly confirmed; exceptions were one lesion of the long bicipital tendon, one subacromial bursitis, and one superior glenoid labrum anterior-to-posterior lesion, missed on 7-T MRI. Evaluating all structures together, sensitivity was 86%, and specificity 74%. A better contrast and higher image resolution was noted in comparison to previous 1.5-T examinations. Conclusions 7-T MRI of the shoulder with diagnostic image quality is feasible. Overrating of tendon signal alterations was the main limitation. Although the diagnostic performance did not reach the current results of 3-T MRI, our study marks the way to implement clinical 7-T MRI of the shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazik-Palm
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Kraff
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan H G Rietsch
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Beck
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens M Theysohn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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4
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Orzada S, Solbach K, Gratz M, Brunheim S, Fiedler TM, Johst S, Bitz AK, Shooshtary S, Abuelhaija A, Voelker MN, Rietsch SHG, Kraff O, Maderwald S, Flöser M, Oehmigen M, Quick HH, Ladd ME. A 32-channel parallel transmit system add-on for 7T MRI. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222452. [PMID: 31513637 PMCID: PMC6742215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A 32-channel parallel transmit (pTx) add-on for 7 Tesla whole-body imaging is presented. First results are shown for phantom and in-vivo imaging. METHODS The add-on system consists of a large number of hardware components, including modulators, amplifiers, SAR supervision, peripheral devices, a control computer, and an integrated 32-channel transmit/receive body array. B1+ maps in a phantom as well as B1+ maps and structural images in large volunteers are acquired to demonstrate the functionality of the system. EM simulations are used to ensure safe operation. RESULTS Good agreement between simulation and experiment is shown. Phantom and in-vivo acquisitions show a field of view of up to 50 cm in z-direction. Selective excitation with 100 kHz sampling rate is possible. The add-on system does not affect the quality of the original single-channel system. CONCLUSION The presented 32-channel parallel transmit system shows promising performance for ultra-high field whole-body imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Orzada
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaus Solbach
- RF & Microwave Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Gratz
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunheim
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Fiedler
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sören Johst
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Bitz
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Electromagnetic Theory and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, FH Aachen – University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Germany
| | - Samaneh Shooshtary
- RF & Microwave Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ashraf Abuelhaija
- RF & Microwave Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian N. Voelker
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan H. G. Rietsch
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kraff
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Maderwald
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Flöser
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Oehmigen
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald H. Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:533-549. [PMID: 31395974 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone is organized in a hierarchical 3D architecture. Traditionally, analysis of the skeletal system was based on bone mass assessment by radiographic methods or on the examination of bone structure by 2D histological sections. Advanced imaging technologies and big data analysis now enable the unprecedented examination of bone and provide new insights into its 3D macrostructure and microstructure. These technologies comprise ex vivo and in vivo methods including high-resolution computed tomography (CT), synchrotron-based imaging, X-ray microscopy, ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, confocal and intravital two-photon imaging. In concert, these techniques have been used to detect and quantify a novel vascular system of trans-cortical vessels in bone. Furthermore, structures such as the lacunar network, which harbours and connects osteocytes, become accessible for 3D imaging and quantification using these methods. Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply are anticipated to contribute to an entirely new understanding of bone tissue composition and function, from macroscale to nanoscale, in health and disease. These insights could provide the basis for early detection and precision-type intervention of bone disorders in the future.
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6
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Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) coils are an essential part of the magnetic resonance (MR) system. To exploit the inherently higher signal-to-noise ratio at ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHF), research sites were forced to build up expertise in RF coil development, as the number of commercially available RF coils were limited. In addition, an integrated transmit body RF coil, which is well-established at MR systems of lower field strength, is still missing at UHF due to technical and physical constraints. This review article provides a brief recapitulation of RF characteristics and RF coils in general to introduce terminology and RF-related parameters, and will then provide an extensive overview of current state-of-the-art RF coils used for MRI from head to toe at 7 Tesla. Finally, a section on RF safety will briefly discuss challenges in performing a safety assessment for custom-designed RF coils, and issues arising from the interaction of the RF field and potentially implanted medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kraff
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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7
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Rietsch SHG, Brunheim S, Orzada S, Voelker MN, Maderwald S, Bitz AK, Gratz M, Ladd ME, Quick HH. Development and evaluation of a 16-channel receive-only RF coil to improve 7T ultra-high field body MRI with focus on the spine. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:796-810. [PMID: 30924181 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A 16-channel receive (16Rx) radiofrequency (RF) array for 7T ultra-high field body MR imaging is presented. The coil is evaluated in conjunction with a 16-channel transmit/receive (16TxRx) coil and additionally with a 32-channel transmit/receive (32TxRx) remote body coil for RF transmit and serving as receive references. METHODS The 16Rx array consists of 16 octagonal overlapping loops connected to custom-built detuning boards with preamplifiers. Performance metrics like noise correlation, g-factors, and signal-to-noise ratio gain were compared between 4 different RF coil configurations. In vivo body imaging was performed in volunteers using radiofrequency shimming, time interleaved acquisition of modes (TIAMO), and 2D spatially selective excitation using parallel transmit (pTx) in the spine. RESULTS Lower g-factors were obtained when using the 16Rx coil in addition to the 16TxRx array coil configuration versus the 16TxRx array alone. Distinct signal-to-noise ratio gain using the 16Rx coil could be demonstrated in the spine region both for a comparison with the 16TxRx coil (>50% gain) in vivo and the 32TxRx coil (>240% gain) in a phantom. The 16Rx coil was successfully applied to improve anatomical imaging in the abdomen and 2D spatially selective excitation in the spine of volunteers. CONCLUSION The novel 16-channel Rx-array as an add-on to multichannel TxRx RF coil configurations provides increased signal-to-noise ratio, lower g-factors, and thus improves 7T ultra-high field body MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H G Rietsch
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunheim
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Orzada
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian N Voelker
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Maderwald
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Bitz
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Electromagnetic Theory and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel Gratz
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Grüneboom A, Hawwari I, Weidner D, Culemann S, Müller S, Henneberg S, Brenzel A, Merz S, Bornemann L, Zec K, Wuelling M, Kling L, Hasenberg M, Voortmann S, Lang S, Baum W, Ohs A, Kraff O, Quick HH, Jäger M, Landgraeber S, Dudda M, Danuser R, Stein JV, Rohde M, Gelse K, Garbe AI, Adamczyk A, Westendorf AM, Hoffmann D, Christiansen S, Engel DR, Vortkamp A, Krönke G, Herrmann M, Kamradt T, Schett G, Hasenberg A, Gunzer M. A network of trans-cortical capillaries as mainstay for blood circulation in long bones. Nat Metab 2019; 1:236-250. [PMID: 31620676 PMCID: PMC6795552 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Closed circulatory systems (CCS) underlie the function of vertebrate organs, but in long bones their structure is unclear, although they constitute the exit route for bone marrow (BM) leukocytes. To understand neutrophil emigration from BM, we studied the vascular system of murine long bones. Here we show that hundreds of capillaries originate in BM, cross murine cortical bone perpendicularly along the shaft and connect to the periosteal circulation. Structures similar to these trans-cortical-vessels (TCVs) also exist in human limb bones. TCVs express arterial or venous markers and transport neutrophils. Furthermore, over 80% arterial and 59% venous blood passes through TCVs. Genetic and drug-mediated modulation of osteoclast count and activity leads to substantial changes in TCV numbers. In a murine model of chronic arthritic bone inflammation, new TCVs develop within weeks. Our data indicate that TCVs are a central component of the CCS in long bones and may represent an important route for immune cell export from the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Grüneboom
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hawwari
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Müller
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Henneberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brenzel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Merz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Zec
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela Wuelling
- Department of Developmental Biology, Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lasse Kling
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Christiansen Research Group, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Institute for Nanoarchitectures for Energy Conversion, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Voortmann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baum
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ohs
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kraff
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Landgraeber
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Dudda
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Renzo Danuser
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kolja Gelse
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg andUniversitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette I Garbe
- Osteoimmunology, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering , Technische Universität Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Adamczyk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Christiansen Research Group, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Institute for Nanoarchitectures for Energy Conversion, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Robert Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- Department of Developmental Biology, Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
Background: SLAP lesions of the shoulder are challenging to diagnose by clinical means alone. Interpretation of MR images requires knowledge of the normal appearance of the labrum, its anatomical variants, and the characteristic patterns of SLAP lesions. In general, high signal extending anterior and posterior to the biceps anchor is the hallmark of SLAP lesions. Common diagnostic criteria for a SLAP lesion by MR or MR arthrography include the following: presence of a laterally curved, high signal intensity in the labrum on a coronal image, multiple or branching lines of high signal intensity in the superior labrum on a coronal image, full-thickness detachment with irregularly marginated high signal intensity and/or separation >2 mm on conventional MRI or 3 mm on MR arthrography between the labrum and glenoid on a coronal image, and a paralabral cyst extending from the superior labrum. Methods: MR diagnosis of SLAP tears may be improved with provocative maneuvers, such as longitudinal traction of the arm or positioning of the shoulder in abduction and external rotation during imaging. The use of intra-articular contrast distends the joint similar to what occurs during arthroscopy and forced diffusion under the labrum may improve the ability to detect SLAP lesions that might not be seen with standard MR. Improved diagnostic accuracy for SLAP tears is seen with 3-T compared with 1.5-T MR imaging, with or without intra-articular contrast material. Conclusion: Regardless of MR findings, however, physicians should be cautious when recommending surgery in the patient with a vague clinical picture. The patient’s history, physical exam, and imaging evaluation all should be considered together in making the decision to proceed with surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Boutin
- Department of Radiology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y St., Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Richard A Marder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y St., Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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