Identification of degradation products in stressed tablets of Rabeprazole sodium by HPLC-hyphenated techniques

Identification and characterization of stressed degradation products of rabeprazole using LC-ESI/MS/MS and 1H-NMR experiments: in vitro toxicity evaluation of major degradation products

Rabeprazole, an antiulcer drug in the class of proton pump inhibitors was subjected to force degradation studies as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2).

Stability-indicating HPLC-DAD methods for determination of two binary mixtures: Rabeprazole sodium-mosapride citrate and rabeprazole sodium-itopride hydrochloride

Two selective stability-indicating HPLC methods are described for determination of rabeprazole sodium (RZ)–mosapride citrate (MR) and RZ–itopride hydrochloride (IO) mixtures in the presence of their ICH-stress formed degradation products. Separations were achieved on X-Bridge C18 column using two mobile phases: the first for RZ–MR mixture consisted of acetonitrile: 0.025 M KH₂PO₄ solution: TEA (30:69:1 v/v; pH 7.0); the second for RZ–IO mixture was at ratio of 25:74:1 (v/v; pH 9.25). The detection wavelength was 283 nm. The two methods were validated and validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. Peak purity testing using contrast angle theory, relative absorbance and log A versus the wavelengths plots were presented. The % recoveries of the intact drugs were between 99.1% and 102.2% with RSD% values less than 1.6%. Application of the proposed HPLC methods indicated that the methods could be adopted to follow the stability of their formulations.

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Process-Related Impurities and Degradation Products of Rabeprazole Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulation

The objective of the current study was to develop and validate a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of process-related impurities and degradation products of rabeprazole sodium in pharmaceutical formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on the Waters Symmetry Shield RP18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm) 5 μm column with a mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvent A (mixture of 0.025 M KH₂PO₄ buffer and 0.1% triethylamine in water, pH 6.4 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 90:10 v/v, respectively) and solvent B (mixture of acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 90:10 v/v, respectively). The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 280 nm. Rabeprazole sodium was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal, and photolytic degradation. Rabeprazole sodium was found to degrade significantly under acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, oxidative, and thermal degradation conditions. The degradation products were well-resolved from the main peak and its impurities, thus proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The mass balance was found to be in the range of 97.3–101.3% in all of the stressed conditions, thus proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness.

Identification and characterization of degradation products of irbesartan using LC-MS/TOF, MS(n), on-line H/D exchange and LC-NMR

Irbesartan was subjected to hydrolytic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress, according to ICH guideline Q1A (R2). The drug showed degradation only in acidic, basic and photoacidic conditions, while it was stable to other stress conditions. A total of three degradation products were formed, which were separated on a C-8 column employing a gradient HPLC method. Initially, a complete mass fragmentation pathway of the drug was established with the help of MS/TOF, MS(n) and H/D exchange studies. Subsequently, the degradation products were subjected to LC-MS/TOF and on-line H/D exchange mass studies to obtain their accurate mass, fragment pattern and number of labile hydrogens. The MS results helped to assign tentative structures to degradation products, which were verified through (1)H and 2D COSY LC-NMR experiments. The products were identified as (2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methanamine, 1-(1-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methylamino)pentylideneamino)cyclopentane carboxylic acid and 2-butyl-3-(tetrazolo[1,5-f]phenanthridin-6-ylmethyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one. The structures were justified by mechanisms of their formation.