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Yin L, Siracusa JS, Measel E, Guan X, Edenfield C, Liang S, Yu X. High-Content Image-Based Single-Cell Phenotypic Analysis for the Testicular Toxicity Prediction Induced by Bisphenol A and Its Analogs Bisphenol S, Bisphenol AF, and Tetrabromobisphenol A in a Three-Dimensional Testicular Cell Co-culture Model. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:313-335. [PMID: 31750923 PMCID: PMC6986343 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that structural analogs of bisphenol A (BPA) such as bisphenol S (BPS), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) have been introduced into the market as substitutes for BPA. Our previous study compared in vitro testicular toxicity using murine C18-4 spermatogonial cells and found that BPAF and TBBPA exhibited higher spermatogonial toxicities as compared with BPA and BPS. Recently, we developed a novel in vitro three-dimensional (3D) testicular cell co-culture model, enabling the classification of reproductive toxic substances. In this study, we applied the testicular cell co-culture model and employed a high-content image (HCA)-based single-cell analysis to further compare the testicular toxicities of BPA and its analogs. We also developed a machine learning (ML)-based HCA pipeline to examine the complex phenotypic changes associated with testicular toxicities. We found dose- and time-dependent changes in a wide spectrum of adverse endpoints, including nuclear morphology, DNA synthesis, DNA damage, and cytoskeletal structure in a single-cell-based analysis. The co-cultured testicular cells were more sensitive than the C18 spermatogonial cells in response to BPA and its analogs. Unlike conventional population-averaged assays, single-cell-based assays not only showed the levels of the averaged population, but also revealed changes in the sub-population. Machine learning-based phenotypic analysis revealed that treatment of BPA and its analogs resulted in the loss of spatial cytoskeletal structure, and an accumulation of M phase cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment of BPAF-induced multinucleated cells, which were associated with altered DNA damage response and impaired cellular F-actin filaments. Overall, we demonstrated a new and effective means to evaluate multiple toxic endpoints in the testicular co-culture model through the combination of ML and high-content image-based single-cell analysis. This approach provided an in-depth analysis of the multi-dimensional HCA data and provided an unbiased quantitative analysis of the phenotypes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- ReproTox Biotech LLC, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jacob Steven Siracusa
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Emily Measel
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Clayton Edenfield
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Shenxuan Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Wei YL, Yang WX. The acroframosome-acroplaxome-manchette axis may function in sperm head shaping and male fertility. Gene 2018; 660:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Shang Y, Wang H, Jia P, Zhao H, Liu C, Liu W, Song Z, Xu Z, Yang L, Wang Y, Li W. Autophagy regulates spermatid differentiation via degradation of PDLIM1. Autophagy 2016; 12:1575-92. [PMID: 27310465 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1192750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermiogenesis is a complex and highly ordered spermatid differentiation process that requires reorganization of cellular structures. We have previously found that Atg7 is required for acrosome biogenesis. Here, we show that autophagy regulates the round and elongating spermatids. Specifically, we found that Atg7 is required for spermatozoa flagella biogenesis and cytoplasm removal during spermiogenesis. Spermatozoa motility of atg7-null mice dropped significantly with some extra-cytoplasm retained on the mature sperm head. These defects are associated with an impairment of the cytoskeleton organization. Functional screening revealed that the negative cytoskeleton organization regulator, PDLIM1 (PDZ and LIM domain 1 [elfin]), needs to be degraded by the autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway to facilitate the proper organization of the cytoskeleton. Our results thus provide a novel mechanism showing that autophagy regulates cytoskeleton organization mainly via degradation of PDLIM1 to facilitate the differentiation of spermatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Shang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hongna Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- c State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Chao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Weixiao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lin Yang
- c State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- d State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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McLane JS, Ligon LA. Palladin mediates stiffness-induced fibroblast activation in the tumor microenvironment. Biophys J 2016. [PMID: 26200861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment have emerged as key factors in tumor progression. It has been proposed that increased tissue stiffness can transform stromal fibroblasts into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. However, it is unclear whether the three to five times increase in stiffness seen in tumor-adjacent stroma is sufficient for fibroblast activation. In this study we developed a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel model with precisely tunable stiffness and show that a physiologically relevant increase in stiffness is sufficient to lead to fibroblast activation. We found that soluble factors including CC-motif chemokine ligand (CCL) chemokines and fibronectin are necessary for this activation, and the combination of C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) chemokine receptors and β1 and β3 integrins are necessary to transduce these chemomechanical signals. We then show that these chemomechanical signals lead to the gene expression changes associated with fibroblast activation via a network of intracellular signaling pathways that include focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Finally, we identify the actin-associated protein palladin as a key node in these signaling pathways that result in fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S McLane
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Lee A Ligon
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.
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Cannon AR, Owen MK, Guerrero MS, Kerber ML, Goicoechea SM, Hemstreet KC, Klazynski B, Hollyfield J, Chang EH, Hwang RF, Otey CA, Kim HJ. Palladin expression is a conserved characteristic of the desmoplastic tumor microenvironment and contributes to altered gene expression. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:402-11. [PMID: 26333695 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The stroma surrounding solid tumors contributes in complex ways to tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant cell type in the tumor stroma. Previous studies have shown that the actin-binding protein palladin is highly expressed in the stroma of pancreas tumors, but the interpretation of these results is complicated by the fact that palladin exists as multiple isoforms. In the current study, the expression and localization of palladin isoform 4 was examined in normal specimens and adenocarcinomas of human pancreas, lung, colon, and stomach samples. Immunohistochemistry with isoform-selective antibodies revealed that expression of palladin isoform 4 was higher in adenocarcinomas versus normal tissues, and highest in CAFs. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that palladin was present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of CAFs, and this was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fractionation of a pancreatic CAF cell line. To investigate the functional significance of nuclear palladin, RNA Seq analysis of palladin knockdown CAFs versus control CAFs was performed, and the results showed that palladin regulates the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of collagen, and organization of the extracellular matrix. These results suggested that palladin isoform 4 may play a conserved role in establishing the phenotype of CAFs in multiple tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Cannon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meredith K Owen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael S Guerrero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael L Kerber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Kathryn C Hemstreet
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Klazynski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Johnathan Hollyfield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily H Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carol A Otey
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Chang EH, Gasim AH, Kerber ML, Patel JB, Glaubiger SA, Falk RJ, Jennette JC, Otey CA. Palladin is upregulated in kidney disease and contributes to epithelial cell migration after injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7695. [PMID: 25573828 PMCID: PMC4648347 DOI: 10.1038/srep07695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from acute kidney injury involving tubular epithelial cells requires proliferation and migration of healthy cells to the area of injury. In this study, we show that palladin, a previously characterized cytoskeletal protein, is upregulated in injured tubules and suggest that one of its functions during repair is to facilitate migration of remaining cells to the affected site. In a mouse model of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody involving both tubular and glomerular disease, palladin is upregulated in injured tubular cells, crescents and capillary cells with angiitis. In human biopsies of kidneys from patients with other kidney diseases, palladin is also upregulated in crescents and injured tubules. In LLC-PK1 cells, a porcine proximal tubule cell line, stress induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) leads to palladin upregulation. Knockdown of palladin in LLC-PK1 does not disrupt cell morphology but does lead to a defect in cell migration. Furthermore, TGF-β1 induced increase in the 75 kDa palladin isoform occurs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These data suggest that palladin expression is induced in injured cells and contributes to proper migration of cells in proximal tubules, possibly by regulation of gene expression as part of the healing process after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Chang
- 1] UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC [2] UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Adil H Gasim
- UNC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Julie B Patel
- UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - J Charles Jennette
- 1] UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC [2] UNC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carol A Otey
- UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
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Niedenberger BA, Chappell VA, Otey CA, Geyer CB. Actin dynamics regulate subcellular localization of the F-actin-binding protein PALLD in mouse Sertoli cells. Reproduction 2014; 148:333-41. [PMID: 24989903 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells undergo terminal differentiation at puberty to support all phases of germ cell development, which occurs in the mouse beginning in the second week of life. By ∼18 days postpartum (dpp), nearly all Sertoli cells have ceased proliferation. This terminal differentiation is accompanied by the development of unique and regionally concentrated filamentous actin (F-actin) structures at the basal and apical aspects of the seminiferous epithelium, and this reorganization is likely to involve the action of actin-binding proteins. Palladin (PALLD) is a widely expressed F-actin-binding and bundling protein recently shown to regulate these structures, yet it is predominantly nuclear in Sertoli cells at puberty. We found that PALLD localized within nuclei of primary Sertoli cells grown in serum-free media but relocalized to the cytoplasm upon serum stimulation. We utilized this system with in vivo relevance to Sertoli cell development to investigate mechanisms regulating nuclear localization of this F-actin-binding protein. Our results indicate that PALLD can be shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and that this relocalization occurred following depolymerization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in response to cAMP signaling. Nuclear localization was reduced in Hpg-mutant testes, suggesting the involvement of gonadotropin signaling. We found that PALLD nuclear localization was unaffected in testis tissues from LH receptor and androgen receptor-mutant mice. However, PALLD nuclear localization was reduced in the testes of FSH receptor-mutant mice, suggesting that FSH signaling during Sertoli cell maturation regulates this subcellular localization.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Humans
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Sertoli Cells/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Niedenberger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vesna A Chappell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol A Otey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher B Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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