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Jiang Z, Chernoff D, Galenchik-Chan A, Tomorri D, Honkanen RA, Duong TQ, Muir ER. Improved MRI methods to quantify retinal and choroidal blood flow applied to a model of glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1385495. [PMID: 38984144 PMCID: PMC11182105 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1385495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Blood flow (BF) of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures can be quantitatively imaged using MRI. This study sought to improve methods of data acquisition and analysis for MRI of layer-specific retinal and choroidal BF and then applied this approach to detect reduced ocular BF in a well-established mouse model of glaucoma from both eyes. Methods Quantitative BF magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on glaucomatous DBA/2J and normal C57BL/6J mice. Arterial spin labeling MRI was applied to image retinal and choroidal BF using custom-made dual eye coils that could image both eyes during the same scan. Statistics using data from a single eye or two eyes were compared. BF values were calculated using two approaches. The BF rate per quantity of tissue was calculated as commonly done, and the peak BF values of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures were taken. Additionally, the BF rate per retinal surface area was calculated using a new analysis approach to attempt to reduce partial volume and variability by integrating BF over the retinal and choroidal depths. Results Ocular BF of both eyes could be imaged using the dual coil setup without effecting scan time. Intraocular pressure was significantly elevated in DBA/2J mice compared to C57BL/6J mice (P<0.01). Both retinal and choroidal BF were significantly decreased in DBA/2J mice in comparison to the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice across all measurements (P < 0.01). From simulations, the values from the integrated BF analysis method had less partial volume effect, and from in vivo scans, this analysis approach also improved power. Conclusion The dual eye coil setup allows bilateral eye data acquisition, increasing the amount of data acquired without increasing acquisition times in vivo. The reduced ocular BF found using the improved acquisition and analysis approaches replicated the results of previous studies on DBA/2J mice. The ocular hypertensive stress-induced BF reduction found within these mice may represent changes associated with glaucomatous progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Diane Chernoff
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Andre Galenchik-Chan
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - David Tomorri
- School of Health Professions, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Robert A. Honkanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Timothy Q. Duong
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Eric R. Muir
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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2
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Jia W, Du J, Jiang M, Zhang M, Han E, Niu H, Wu D. Preparation and Cr (
VI
) adsorption of functionalized polyimide fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Jiangsu Shino New Materials and Technology Co., Ltd. Changzhou China
| | - Enlin Han
- Jiangsu Shino New Materials and Technology Co., Ltd. Changzhou China
| | - Hongqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Dezhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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3
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In vivo MRI evaluation of early postnatal development in normal and impaired rat eyes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15513. [PMID: 34330952 PMCID: PMC8324881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study employed in vivo 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the postnatal ocular growth patterns under normal development or neonatal impairments in Sprague-Dawley rats. Using T2-weighted imaging on healthy rats from postnatal day (P) 1 (newborn) to P60 (adult), the volumes of the anterior chamber and posterior chamber (ACPC), lens, and vitreous humor increased logistically with ACPC expanding by 33-fold and the others by fivefold. Intravitreal potassium dichromate injection at P1, P7, and P14 led to T1-weighted signal enhancement in the developing retina by 188-289%. Upon unilateral hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at P7, monocular deprivation at P15, and monocular enucleation at P1, T2-weighted imaging of the adult rats showed decreased ocular volumes to different extents. In summary, in vivo high-field MRI allows for non-invasive evaluation of early postnatal development in the normal and impaired rat eyes. Chromium-enhanced MRI appeared effective in examining the developing retina before natural eyelid opening at P14 with relevance to lipid metabolism. The reduced ocular volumes upon neonatal visual impairments provided evidence to the emerging problems of why some impaired visual outcomes cannot be solely predicted by neurological assessments and suggested the need to look into both the eye and the brain under such conditions.
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Deng W, Faiq MA, Liu C, Adi V, Chan KC. Applications of Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:35. [PMID: 31156399 PMCID: PMC6530364 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of vision in health and disease requires knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eye and the neural pathways relevant to visual perception. As such, development of imaging techniques for the visual system is crucial for unveiling the neural basis of visual function or impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers non-invasive probing of the structure and function of the neural circuits without depth limitation, and can help identify abnormalities in brain tissues in vivo. Among the advanced MRI techniques, manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) involves the use of active manganese contrast agents that positively enhance brain tissue signals in T1-weighted imaging with respect to the levels of connectivity and activity. Depending on the routes of administration, accumulation of manganese ions in the eye and the visual pathways can be attributed to systemic distribution or their local transport across axons in an anterograde fashion, entering the neurons through voltage-gated calcium channels. The use of the paramagnetic manganese contrast in MRI has a wide range of applications in the visual system from imaging neurodevelopment to assessing and monitoring neurodegeneration, neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration. In this review, we present four major domains of scientific inquiry where MEMRI can be put to imperative use — deciphering neuroarchitecture, tracing neuronal tracts, detecting neuronal activity, and identifying or differentiating glial activity. We deliberate upon each category studies that have successfully employed MEMRI to examine the visual system, including the delivery protocols, spatiotemporal characteristics, and biophysical interpretation. Based on this literature, we have identified some critical challenges in the field in terms of toxicity, and sensitivity and specificity of manganese enhancement. We also discuss the pitfalls and alternatives of MEMRI which will provide new avenues to explore in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Deng
- NYU Langone Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Muneeb A Faiq
- NYU Langone Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Crystal Liu
- NYU Langone Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vishnu Adi
- NYU Langone Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin C Chan
- NYU Langone Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Center for Neural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Rudolf M, Curcio CA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Sefat AMM, Tura A, Aherrahrou Z, Brinkmann M, Grisanti S, Miura Y, Ranjbar M. Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide L-4F Removes Bruch's Membrane Lipids in Aged Nonhuman Primates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:461-472. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rudolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Translational AMD Research Group Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - Armin Mir Mohi Sefat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Translational AMD Research Group Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aysegül Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Max Brinkmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Laboratory for Angiogenesis & Ocular Cell Transplantation, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Yoko Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Translational AMD Research Group Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahdy Ranjbar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Laboratory for Angiogenesis & Ocular Cell Transplantation, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Kancherla S, Kohler WJ, van der Merwe Y, Chan KC. In Vivo Evaluation of the Visual Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes by Diffusion Tensor MRI and Contrast Enhanced MRI. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165169. [PMID: 27768755 PMCID: PMC5074510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual function has been shown to deteriorate prior to the onset of retinopathy in some diabetic patients and experimental animal models. This suggests the involvement of the brain's visual system in the early stages of diabetes. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by examining the integrity of the visual pathway in a diabetic rat model using in vivo multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental diabetic group by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin in 0.01 M citric acid, and a sham control group by intraperitoneal injection of citric acid only. One month later, diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) was performed to examine the white matter integrity in the brain, followed by chromium-enhanced MRI of retinal integrity and manganese-enhanced MRI of anterograde manganese transport along the visual pathway. Prior to MRI experiments, the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed significantly smaller weight gain and higher blood glucose level than the control rats. DTI revealed significantly lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity in the prechiasmatic optic nerve of the diabetic rats compared to the control rats. No apparent difference was observed in the axial diffusivity of the optic nerve, the chromium enhancement in the retina, or the manganese enhancement in the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus between groups. Our results suggest that streptozotocin-induced diabetes leads to early injury in the optic nerve when no substantial change in retinal integrity or anterograde transport along the visual pathways was observed in MRI using contrast agent enhancement. DTI may be a useful tool for detecting and monitoring early pathophysiological changes in the visual system of experimental diabetes non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarupa Kancherla
- NeuroImaging Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - William J. Kohler
- NeuroImaging Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yolandi van der Merwe
- NeuroImaging Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Chan
- NeuroImaging Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Ren J, Chen YI, Mackey AM, Liu PK. Imaging rhodopsin degeneration in vivo in a new model of ocular ischemia in living mice. FASEB J 2015; 30:612-23. [PMID: 26443823 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-280677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of antibodies to monitor key biomarkers of retinopathy in vivo represents a significant challenge because living cells do not take up immunoglobulins to cellular antigens. We met this challenge by developing novel contrast agents for retinopathy, which we used with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biotinylated rabbit polyclonal to chick IgY (rIgPxcIgY) and phosphorylthioate-modified oligoDNA (sODN) with random sequence (bio-sODN-Ran) were conjugated with NeutrAvidin-activated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). The resulting Ran-SPION-rIgPxcIgY carries chick polyclonal to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) as Ran-SPION-rIgP/cIgY-MAP2, or to rhodopsin (Rho) as anti-Rho-SPION-Ran. We examined the uptake of Ran-SPION-rIgP/cIgY-MAP2 or SPION-rIgP/cIgY-MAP2 in normal C57black6 mice (n = 3 each, 40 μg/kg, i.c.v.); we found retention of Ran-SPION-rIgP/cIgY-MAP2 using molecular contrast-enhanced MRI in vivo and validated neuronal uptake using Cy5-goat IgPxcIgY ex vivo. Applying this novel method to monitor retinopathy in a bilateral carotid artery occlusion-induced ocular ischemia, we observed pericytes (at d 2, using Gd-nestin, by eyedrop solution), significant photoreceptor degeneration (at d 20, using anti-Rho-SPION-Ran, eyedrops, P = 0.03, Student's t test), and gliosis in Müller cells (at 6 mo, using SPION-glial fibrillary acidic protein administered by intraperitoneal injection) in surviving mice (n ≥ 5). Molecular contrast-enhanced MRI results were confirmed by optical and electron microscopy. We conclude that chimera and molecular contrast-enhanced MRI provide sufficient sensitivity for monitoring retinopathy and for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Ren
- *Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, and Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yinching I Chen
- *Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, and Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley M Mackey
- *Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, and Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip K Liu
- *Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, and Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Chan KC, Kancherla S, Fan SJ, Wu EX. Long-term effects of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia on structural and physiological integrity of the eye and visual pathway by multimodal MRI. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 56:1-9. [PMID: 25491295 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is a major cause of brain damage in infants and may frequently present visual impairments. Although advancements in perinatal care have increased survival, the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic injury and the long-term consequences to the visual system remain unclear. We hypothesized that neonatal hypoxia-ischemia can lead to chronic, MRI-detectable structural and physiological alterations in both the eye and the brain's visual pathways. METHODS Eight Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by hypoxia for 2 hours at postnatal day 7. One year later, T2-weighted MRI, gadolinium-enhanced MRI, chromium-enhanced MRI, manganese-enhanced MRI, and diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) of the visual system were evaluated and compared between opposite hemispheres using a 7-Tesla scanner. RESULTS Within the eyeball, systemic gadolinium administration revealed aqueous-vitreous or blood-ocular barrier leakage only in the ipsilesional left eye despite comparable aqueous humor dynamics in the anterior chamber of both eyes. Binocular intravitreal chromium injection showed compromised retinal integrity in the ipsilesional eye. Despite total loss of the ipsilesional visual cortex, both retinocollicular and retinogeniculate pathways projected from the contralesional eye toward ipsilesional visual cortex possessed stronger anterograde manganese transport and less disrupted structural integrity in DTI compared with the opposite hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS High-field, multimodal MRI demonstrated in vivo the long-term structural and physiological deficits in the eye and brain's visual pathways after unilateral neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. The remaining retinocollicular and retinogeniculate pathways appeared to be more vulnerable to anterograde degeneration from eye injury than retrograde, transsynaptic degeneration from visual cortex injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Chan
- UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Swarupa Kancherla
- UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shu-Juan Fan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ed X Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ullmann JFP, Janke AL, Reutens D, Watson C. Development of MRI-based atlases of non-human brains. J Comp Neurol 2014; 523:391-405. [PMID: 25236843 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain atlases are a fundamental resource for neuroscience research. In the past few decades they have undergone a transition from traditional printed histological atlases to digital atlases made up of multiple data sets from multiple modalities, and atlases based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become widespread. Here we discuss the methods involved in making an MRI brain atlas, including registration of multiple data sets into a model, ontological classification, segmentation of a minimum deformation model, dissemination strategies, and applications of these atlases. Finally, we discuss possible future directions in the development of brain atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F P Ullmann
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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10
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Chan KC, Fan SJ, Chan RW, Cheng JS, Zhou IY, Wu EX. In vivo visuotopic brain mapping with manganese-enhanced MRI and resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Neuroimage 2014; 90:235-45. [PMID: 24394694 PMCID: PMC3951771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodents are an increasingly important model for understanding the mechanisms of development, plasticity, functional specialization and disease in the visual system. However, limited tools have been available for assessing the structural and functional connectivity of the visual brain network globally, in vivo and longitudinally. There are also ongoing debates on whether functional brain connectivity directly reflects structural brain connectivity. In this study, we explored the feasibility of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) via 3 different routes of Mn(2+) administration for visuotopic brain mapping and understanding of physiological transport in normal and visually deprived adult rats. In addition, resting-state functional connectivity MRI (RSfcMRI) was performed to evaluate the intrinsic functional network and structural-functional relationships in the corresponding anatomical visual brain connections traced by MEMRI. Upon intravitreal, subcortical, and intracortical Mn(2+) injection, different topographic and layer-specific Mn enhancement patterns could be revealed in the visual cortex and subcortical visual nuclei along retinal, callosal, cortico-subcortical, transsynaptic and intracortical horizontal connections. Loss of visual input upon monocular enucleation to adult rats appeared to reduce interhemispheric polysynaptic Mn(2+) transfer but not intra- or inter-hemispheric monosynaptic Mn(2+) transport after Mn(2+) injection into visual cortex. In normal adults, both structural and functional connectivity by MEMRI and RSfcMRI was stronger interhemispherically between bilateral primary/secondary visual cortex (V1/V2) transition zones (TZ) than between V1/V2 TZ and other cortical nuclei. Intrahemispherically, structural and functional connectivity was stronger between visual cortex and subcortical visual nuclei than between visual cortex and other subcortical nuclei. The current results demonstrated the sensitivity of MEMRI and RSfcMRI for assessing the neuroarchitecture, neurophysiology and structural-functional relationships of the visual brains in vivo. These may possess great potentials for effective monitoring and understanding of the basic anatomical and functional connections in the visual system during development, plasticity, disease, pharmacological interventions and genetic modifications in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Chan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Shu-Juan Fan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Russell W Chan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joe S Cheng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Y Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ed X Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Duong TQ. Magnetic resonance imaging of the retina: from mice to men. Magn Reson Med 2014; 71:1526-30. [PMID: 23716429 PMCID: PMC3783549 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications to study rodent, cat, non-human primate, and human retinas. These techniques include T(1) - and T(2) -weighted anatomical, diffusion, blood flow, blood volume, blood-oxygenation level dependent, manganese-enhanced, physiological, and functional MRI. Applications to study the retinas in diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal degeneration are also reviewed. MRI offers some unique advantages compared with existing imaging techniques and has the potential to further our understanding of physiology and function in healthy and diseased retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Q Duong
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Research Imaging Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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12
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Chan KC, Wu EX. In vivo manganese-enhanced MRI for visuotopic brain mapping. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2012:2279-82. [PMID: 23366378 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of localized manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) via 3 different routes of Mn(2+) administrations for visuotopic brain mapping of retinal, callosal, cortico-subcortical, transsynaptic and horizontal connections in normal adult rats. Upon fractionated intravitreal Mn(2+) injection, Mn enhancements were observed in the contralateral superior colliculus (SC) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) by 45-60% at 1-3 days after initial Mn(2+) injection and in the contralateral primary visual cortex (V1) by about 10% at 2-3 days after initial Mn(2+) injection. Direct, single-dose Mn(2+) injection to the LGN resulted in Mn enhancement by 13-21% in V1 and 8-11% in SC of the ipsilateral hemisphere at 8 to 24 hours after Mn(2+) administration. Intracortical, single-dose Mn(2+) injection to the visual cortex resulted in Mn enhancement by 53-65% in ipsilateral LGN, 15-26% in ipsilateral SC, 32-34% in the splenium of corpus callosum and 17-25% in contralateral V1/V2 transition zone at 8 to 24 hours after Mn(2+) administration. Notably, some patchy patterns were apparent near the V1/V2 border of the contralateral hemisphere. Laminar-specific horizontal cortical connections were also observed in the ipsilateral hemisphere. The current results demonstrated the sensitivity of MEMRI for assessing the neuroarchitecture of the visual brains in vivo without depth-limitation, and may possess great potentials for studying the basic neural components and connections in the visual system longitudinally during development, plasticity, pharmacological interventions and genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Chan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing and the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Zhang Y, Harrison JM, Nateras OSE, Chalfin S, Duong TQ. Decreased retinal-choroidal blood flow in retinitis pigmentosa as measured by MRI. Doc Ophthalmol 2013; 126:187-97. [PMID: 23408312 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-013-9374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate retinal and choroidal blood flow (BF) using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as visual function measured by the electroretinogram (ERG) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS MRI studies were performed in 6 RP patients (29-67 years) and 5 healthy volunteers (29-64 years) on a 3-Tesla scanner with a custom-made surface coil. Quantitative BF was measured using the pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeling technique at 0.5 × 0.8 × 6.0 mm. Full-field ERGs of all patients were recorded. Amplitudes and implicit times of standard ERGs were analyzed. RESULTS Basal BF in the posterior retinal-choroid was 142 ± 16 ml/100ml/min (or 1.14 ± 0.13 μl/mm(2)/min) in the control group and was 70 ±19 ml/100ml/min (or 0.56 ± 0.15 μl/mm(2)/min) in the RP group. Retinal-choroidal BF was significantly reduced by 52 ± 8 % in RP patients compared to controls (P<0.05). ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes of RP patients were reduced, and b-wave implicit times were delayed. There were statistically significant correlations between a-wave amplitude and BF value (r=0.9, P<0.05) but not between b-wave amplitude and BF value (r =0.7, P=0.2). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a novel non-invasive MRI approach to measure quantitative retinal and choroidal BF in RP patients. We found that retinal-choroidal BF was markedly reduced and significantly correlated with reduced amplitudes of the a-wave of the standard combined ERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Sun SW, Thiel T, Liang HF. Impact of repeated topical-loaded manganese-enhanced MRI on the mouse visual system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:4699-709. [PMID: 22700708 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Optic nerve degeneration in diseases such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis evolves in months to years. The use of Mn(2+)-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI) in a time-course study may provide new insights into the disease progression. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of using a topical administration for Mn(2+) delivery to the visual system. This study is to evaluate the impact of biweekly or monthly repeated Mn(2+) topical administration and the pH levels of the Mn(2+) solutions for MEMRI on the mouse visual pathway. METHODS Using groups of mice, the MEMRI with an acidic or pH neutralized 1 M MnCl(2) solution was performed. To evaluate the feasibility of repeated MEMRIs, topical-loaded MEMRI was conducted biweekly seven times or monthly three times. The enhancement of MEMRI in the visual system was quantified. After repeated MEMRIs, the corneas were examined by optical coherence tomography. The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerves were examined by histology. RESULTS All mice exhibited consistent enhancements along the visual system following repeated MEMRIs. The acidic Mn(2+) solution induced a greater MEMRI enhancement as compared with a neutral pH Mn(2+) solution. Significant 20% RGC loss was found after three biweekly Mn(2+) inductions, but no RGC loss was found after three monthly Mn(2+) treatments. The corneal thickness was found increased after seven biweekly topical-loaded MEMRI. CONCLUSIONS Acidic Mn(2+) solutions enhanced the uptake of Mn(2+) observed on the MEMRI. Increasing the time intervals of repeated Mn(2+) topical administration reduced the adverse effects caused by MEMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Sun
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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