Rapid and robust variable flip angle T1 mapping using interleaved two-dimensional multislice spoiled gradient echo imaging

Rapid whole-brain quantitative MT imaging

PURPOSE

To provide a robust whole-brain quantitative magnetization transfer (MT) imaging method that is not limited by long acquisition times.

METHODS

Two variants of a spiral 2D interleaved multi-slice spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequence are used for rapid quantitative MT imaging of the brain at 3 T. A dual flip angle, steady-state prepared, double-contrast method is used for combined B₁ and-T₁ mapping in combination with a single-contrast MT-prepared acquisition over a range of different saturation flip angles (50 deg to 850 deg) and offset frequencies (1 kHz and 10 kHz). Five sets (containing minimum 6 to maximum 18 scans) with different MT-weightings were acquired. In addition, main magnetic field inhomogeneities (ΔB₀) were measured from two Cartesian low-resolution 2D SPGR scans with different echo times. Quantitative MT model parameters were derived from all sets using a two-pool continuous-wave model analysis, yielding the pool-size ratio, F, their exchange rate, k_f, and their transverse relaxation time, T_2r.

RESULTS

Whole-brain quantitative MT imaging was feasible for all sets with total acquisition times ranging from 7:15 min down to 3:15 min. For accurate modeling, B₁-correction was essential for all investigated sets, whereas ΔB₀-correction showed limited bias for the observed maximum off-resonances at 3 T.

CONCLUSION

The combination of rapid B₁-T₁ mapping and MT-weighted imaging using a 2D multi-slice spiral SPGR research sequence offers excellent prospects for rapid whole-brain quantitative MT imaging in the clinical setting.