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Woods JG, Achten E, Asllani I, Bolar DS, Dai W, Detre JA, Fan AP, Fernández-Seara M, Golay X, Günther M, Guo J, Hernandez-Garcia L, Ho ML, Juttukonda MR, Lu H, MacIntosh BJ, Madhuranthakam AJ, Mutsaerts HJ, Okell TW, Parkes LM, Pinter N, Pinto J, Qin Q, Smits M, Suzuki Y, Thomas DL, Van Osch MJ, Wang DJJ, Warnert EA, Zaharchuk G, Zelaya F, Zhao M, Chappell MA. Recommendations for quantitative cerebral perfusion MRI using multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling: Acquisition, quantification, and clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:469-495. [PMID: 38594906 PMCID: PMC11142882 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of cerebral perfusion is vital for understanding the hemodynamic processes involved in various neurological disorders and guiding clinical decision-making. This guidelines article provides a comprehensive overview of quantitative perfusion imaging of the brain using multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling (ASL), along with recommendations for its acquisition and quantification. A major benefit of acquiring ASL data with multiple label durations and/or post-labeling delays (PLDs) is being able to account for the effect of variable arterial transit time (ATT) on quantitative perfusion values and additionally visualize the spatial pattern of ATT itself, providing valuable clinical insights. Although multi-timepoint data can be acquired in the same scan time as single-PLD data with comparable perfusion measurement precision, its acquisition and postprocessing presents challenges beyond single-PLD ASL, impeding widespread adoption. Building upon the 2015 ASL consensus article, this work highlights the protocol distinctions specific to multi-timepoint ASL and provides robust recommendations for acquiring high-quality data. Additionally, we propose an extended quantification model based on the 2015 consensus model and discuss relevant postprocessing options to enhance the analysis of multi-timepoint ASL data. Furthermore, we review the potential clinical applications where multi-timepoint ASL is expected to offer significant benefits. This article is part of a series published by the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group, aiming to guide and inspire the advancement and utilization of ASL beyond the scope of the 2015 consensus article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Woods
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric Achten
- Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (GIfMI), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Asllani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Divya S. Bolar
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Weiying Dai
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA, 13902
| | - John A. Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3 Dulles Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Audrey P. Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Fernández-Seara
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xavier Golay
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Gold Standard Phantoms, UK
| | - Matthias Günther
- Imaging Physics, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. ORCID: 0000-0002-9455-1350
| | - Meher R. Juttukonda
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley J. MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Computational Radiology & Artificial Intelligence unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ananth J. Madhuranthakam
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Henk-Jan Mutsaerts
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas W. Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Nandor Pinter
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; University at Buffalo Neurosurgery, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joana Pinto
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Delta, Delft, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, NL
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David L. Thomas
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias J.P. Van Osch
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Esther A.H. Warnert
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, NL
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Moss Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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van der Plas MCE, Teeuwisse WM, Schmid S, Chappell M, van Osch MJP. High temporal resolution arterial spin labeling MRI with whole-brain coverage by combining time-encoding with Look-Locker and simultaneous multi-slice imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3734-3744. [PMID: 30828873 PMCID: PMC6593668 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to achieve high temporal resolution, multi-time point pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI in a time-efficient manner, while maintaining whole-brain coverage. METHODS A Hadamard 8-matrix was used to dynamically encode the pCASL labeling train, thereby providing the first source of temporal information. The second method for obtaining dynamic arterial spin labeling (ASL) signal consisted of a Look-Locker (LL) readout of 4 phases that are acquired with a flip-angle sweep to maintain constant sensitivity over the phases. To obtain whole-brain coverage in the short LL interval, 4 slices were excited simultaneously by multi-banded radiofrequency pulses. After subtraction according to the Hadamard scheme, the ASL signal was corrected for the use of the flip-angle sweep and background suppression pulses. The BASIL toolkit of the Oxford Centre for FMRIB was used to quantify the ASL signal. RESULTS By combining a time-encoded pCASL labeling scheme with an LL readout and simultaneous multi-slice acquisition, 28 time points of 16 slices with a 75- or 150-ms time resolution were acquired in a total scan time of 10 minutes 20 seconds, from which cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps, arterial transit time maps, and arterial blood volume could be determined. CONCLUSION Whole-brain ASL images were acquired with a 75-ms time resolution for the angiography and 150-ms resolution for the perfusion phase by combining the proposed techniques. Reducing the total scan time to 1 minute 18 seconds still resulted in reasonable CBF maps, which demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for practical studies on brain hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn C E van der Plas
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter M Teeuwisse
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schmid
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Research Council UK (EP/P012361/1), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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