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Wang J, Salerno M. Deep learning-based rapid image reconstruction and motion correction for high-resolution cartesian first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38576068 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) -based rapid image reconstruction and motion correction technique for high-resolution Cartesian first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging at 3T with whole-heart coverage for both single-slice (SS) and simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisitions. METHODS 3D physics-driven unrolled network architectures were utilized for the reconstruction of high-resolution Cartesian perfusion imaging. The SS and SMS multiband (MB) = 2 networks were trained from 135 slices from 20 subjects. Structural similarity index (SSIM), peak SNR (PSNR), and normalized RMS error (NRMSE) were assessed, and prospective images were blindly graded by two experienced cardiologists (5, excellent; 1, poor). For respiratory motion correction, a 2D U-Net based motion corrected network was proposed, and the temporal fidelity and second-order derivative were calculated to assess the performance of the motion correction. RESULTS Excellent performance was demonstrated in the proposed technique with high SSIM and PSNR, and low NRMSE. Image quality scores were (4.3 [4.3, 4.4], 4.5 [4.4, 4.6], 4.3 [4.3, 4.4], and 4.5 [4.3, 4.5]) for SS DL and SS L1-SENSE, MB = 2 DL and MB = 2 SMS-L1-SENSE, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05 for SS and SMS) between (SMS)-L1-SENSE and the proposed DL technique. The network inference time was around 4 s per dynamic perfusion series with 40 frames while the time of (SMS)-L1-SENSE with GPU acceleration was approximately 30 min. CONCLUSION The proposed DL-based image reconstruction and motion correction technique enabled rapid and high-quality reconstruction for SS and SMS MB = 2 high-resolution Cartesian first-pass perfusion imaging at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Salerno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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2
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Wang J, Awad M, Zhou R, Wang Z, Wang X, Feng X, Yang Y, Meyer C, Kramer CM, Salerno M. High-resolution spiral real-time cardiac cine imaging with deep learning-based rapid image reconstruction and quantification. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5051. [PMID: 37926525 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to develop and evaluate a DEep learning-based rapid Spiral Image REconstruction (DESIRE) and deep learning (DL)-based segmentation approach to quantify the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for high-resolution spiral real-time cine imaging, including 2D balanced steady-state free precession imaging at 1.5 T and gradient echo (GRE) imaging at 1.5 and 3 T. A 3D U-Net-based image reconstruction network and 2D U-Net-based image segmentation network were proposed and evaluated. Low-rank plus sparse (L+S) served as the reference for the image reconstruction network and manual contouring of the left ventricle was the reference of the segmentation network. To assess the image reconstruction quality, structural similarity index, peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root-mean-square error, and blind grading by two experienced cardiologists (5: excellent; 1: poor) were performed. To assess the segmentation performance, quantification of the LVEF on GRE imaging at 3 T was compared with the quantification from manual contouring. Excellent performance was demonstrated by the proposed technique. In terms of image quality, there was no difference between L+S and the proposed DESIRE technique. For quantification analysis, the proposed DL method was not different to the manual segmentation method (p > 0.05) in terms of quantification of LVEF. The reconstruction time for DESIRE was ~32 s (including nonuniform fast Fourier transform [NUFFT]) per dynamic series (40 frames), while the reconstruction time of L+S with GPU acceleration was approximately 3 min. The DL segmentation takes less than 5 s. In conclusion, the proposed DL-based image reconstruction and quantification techniques enabled 1-min image reconstruction for the whole heart and quantification with automatic reconstruction and quantification of the left ventricle function for high-resolution spiral real-time cine imaging with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marina Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xitong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Craig Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher M Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Salerno
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Tian Y, Cui SX, Lim Y, Lee NG, Zhao Z, Nayak KS. Contrast-optimal simultaneous multi-slice bSSFP cine cardiac imaging at 0.55 T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:746-755. [PMID: 36198043 PMCID: PMC9712243 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if contemporary 0.55 T MRI supports the use of contrast-optimal flip angles (FA) for simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) balanced SSFP (bSSFP) cardiac function assessment, which is impractical at conventional field strengths because of excessive SAR and/or banding artifacts. METHODS Blipped-CAIPI bSSFP was combined with spiral sampling for ventricular function assessment at 0.55 T. Cine movies with single band and SMS factors of 2 and 3 (SMS 2 and 3), and FA ranging from 60° to 160°, were acquired in seven healthy volunteers. Left ventricular blood and myocardial signal intensity (SI) normalized by background noise and blood-myocardium contrast were measured and compared across acquisition settings. RESULTS Myocardial SI was slightly higher in single band than in SMS and decreased with an increasing FA. Blood SI increased as the FA increased for single band, and increment was small for FA ≥120°. Blood SI for SMS 2 and 3 increased with an increasing FA up to ∼100°. Blood-myocardium contrast increased with an increasing FA for single band, peaked at FA = 160° (systole: 28.43, diastole: 29.15), attributed mainly to reduced myocardial SI when FA ≥120°. For SMS 2, contrast peaked at 120° (systole: 21.43, diastole: 19.85). For SMS 3, contrast peaked at 120° in systole (16.62) and 100° in diastole (19.04). CONCLUSIONS Contemporary 0.55 T MR scanners equipped with high-performance gradient systems allow the use of contrast-optimal FA for SMS accelerated bSSFP cine examinations without compromising image quality. The contrast-optimal FA was found to be 140° to 160° for single band and 100° to 120° for SMS 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nam G. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krishna S. Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Demirel OB, Yaman B, Shenoy C, Moeller S, Weingärtner S, Akçakaya M. Signal intensity informed multi-coil encoding operator for physics-guided deep learning reconstruction of highly accelerated myocardial perfusion CMR. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:308-321. [PMID: 36128896 PMCID: PMC9617789 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a physics-guided deep learning (PG-DL) reconstruction strategy based on a signal intensity informed multi-coil (SIIM) encoding operator for highly-accelerated simultaneous multislice (SMS) myocardial perfusion cardiac MRI (CMR). METHODS First-pass perfusion CMR acquires highly-accelerated images with dynamically varying signal intensity/SNR following the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Thus, using PG-DL reconstruction with a conventional multi-coil encoding operator leads to analogous signal intensity variations across different time-frames at the network output, creating difficulties in generalization for varying SNR levels. We propose to use a SIIM encoding operator to capture the signal intensity/SNR variations across time-frames in a reformulated encoding operator. This leads to a more uniform/flat contrast at the output of the PG-DL network, facilitating generalizability across time-frames. PG-DL reconstruction with the proposed SIIM encoding operator is compared to PG-DL with conventional encoding operator, split slice-GRAPPA, locally low-rank (LLR) regularized reconstruction, low-rank plus sparse (L + S) reconstruction, and regularized ROCK-SPIRiT. RESULTS Results on highly accelerated free-breathing first pass myocardial perfusion CMR at three-fold SMS and four-fold in-plane acceleration show that the proposed method improves upon the reconstruction methods use for comparison. Substantial noise reduction is achieved compared to split slice-GRAPPA, and aliasing artifacts reduction compared to LLR regularized reconstruction, L + S reconstruction and PG-DL with conventional encoding. Furthermore, a qualitative reader study indicated that proposed method outperformed all methods. CONCLUSION PG-DL reconstruction with the proposed SIIM encoding operator improves generalization across different time-frames /SNRs in highly accelerated perfusion CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Burak Demirel
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA,Center for Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Burhaneddin Yaman
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA,Center for Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Chetan Shenoy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Mehmet Akçakaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA,Center for Magnetic Resonance ResearchUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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McElroy S, Kunze KP, Nazir MS, Speier P, Stäb D, Villa ADM, Yazdani M, Vergani V, Roujol S, Neji R, Chiribiri A. Simultaneous multi-slice steady-state free precession myocardial perfusion with iterative reconstruction and integrated motion compensation. Eur J Radiol 2022; 151:110286. [PMID: 35452953 PMCID: PMC9941714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) acquisition and iterative reconstruction can provide high spatial resolution and coverage for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) perfusion. However, respiratory motion remains a challenge for iterative reconstruction techniques employing temporal regularisation. The aim of this study is to evaluate an iterative reconstruction with integrated motion compensation for SMS-bSSFP first-pass myocardial stress perfusion in the presence of respiratory motion. METHODS Thirty-one patients with suspected coronary artery disease were prospectively recruited and imaged at 1.5 T. A SMS-bSSFP prototype myocardial perfusion sequence was acquired at stress in all patients. All datasets were reconstructed using an iterative reconstruction with temporal regularisation, once with and once without motion compensation (MC and NMC, respectively). Three readers scored each dataset in terms of: image quality (1:poor; 4:excellent), motion/blurring (1:severe motion/blurring; 3:no motion/blurring), and diagnostic confidence (1:poor confidence; 3:high confidence). Quantitative assessment of sharpness was performed. The number of uncorrupted first-pass dynamics was measured on the NMC datasets to classify patients into 'suboptimal breath-hold (BH)' and 'good BH' groups. RESULTS Compared across all cases, MC performed better than NMC in terms of image quality (3.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 0.8, P = 0.002), motion/blurring (2.9 ± 0.1 vs. 2.2 ± 0.8, P < 0.001), diagnostic confidence (2.9 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7, P < 0.001) and sharpness index (0.34 ± 0.05 vs. 0.31 ± 0.06, P < 0.001). Fourteen patients with a suboptimal BH were identified. For the suboptimal BH group, MC performed better than NMC in terms of image quality (3.8 ± 0.4 vs. 2.6 ± 0.8, P < 0.001), motion/blurring (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 1.6 ± 0.7, P < 0.001), diagnostic confidence (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7, P < 0.001) and sharpness index (0.34 ± 0.05 vs. 0.30 ± 0.06, P = 0.004). For the good BH group, sharpness index was higher for MC than NMC (0.34 ± 0.06 vs 0.31 ± 0.07, P = 0.03), while there were no significant differences observed for the other three metrics assessed (P > 0.11). There were no significant differences between suboptimal BH MC and good BH MC for any of the reported metrics (P > 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Integrated motion compensation significantly reduces motion/blurring and improves image quality, diagnostic confidence and sharpness index of SMS-bSSFP perfusion with iterative reconstruction in the presence of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McElroy
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl P Kunze
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, United Kingdom
| | - Muhummad Sohaib Nazir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Speier
- Cardiovascular Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Stäb
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adriana D M Villa
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Momina Yazdani
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vittoria Vergani
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Roujol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Radhouene Neji
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Sun C, Robinson A, Wang Y, Bilchick KC, Kramer CM, Weller D, Salerno M, Epstein FH. A Slice-Low-Rank Plus Sparse (slice-L + S) Reconstruction Method for k-t Undersampled Multiband First-Pass Myocardial Perfusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1140-1155. [PMID: 35608225 PMCID: PMC9325064 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The synergistic use of k‐t undersampling and multiband (MB) imaging has the potential to provide extended slice coverage and high spatial resolution for first‐pass perfusion MRI. The low‐rank plus sparse (L + S) model has shown excellent performance for accelerating single‐band (SB) perfusion MRI. Methods A MB data consistency method employing ESPIRiT maps and through‐plane coil information was developed. This data consistency method was combined with the temporal L + S constraint to form the slice‐L + S method. Slice‐L + S was compared to SB L + S and the sequential operations of split slice‐GRAPPA and SB L + S (seq‐SG‐L + S) using synthetic data formed from multislice SB images. Prospectively k‐t undersampled MB data were also acquired and reconstructed using seq‐SG‐L + S and slice‐L + S. Results Using synthetic data with total acceleration rates of 6–12, slice‐L + S outperformed SB L + S and seq‐SG‐L + S (N = 7 subjects) with respect to normalized RMSE and the structural similarity index (P < 0.05 for both). For the specific case with MB factor = 3 and rate 3 undersampling, or for SB imaging with rate 9 undersampling (N = 7 subjects), the normalized RMSE values were 0.037 ± 0.007, 0.042 ± 0.005, and 0.031 ± 0.004; and the structural similarity index values were 0.88 ± 0.03, 0.85 ± 0.03, and 0.89 ± 0.02 for SB L + S, seq‐SG‐L + S, and slice‐L + S, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). For prospectively undersampled MB data, slice‐L + S provided better image quality than seq‐SG‐L + S for rate 6 (N = 7) and rate 9 acceleration (N = 7) as scored by blinded experts. Conclusion Slice‐L + S outperformed SB‐L + S and seq‐SG‐L + S and provides 9 slice coverage of the left ventricle with a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm with good image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Austin Robinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenneth C Bilchick
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christopher M Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daniel Weller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael Salerno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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7
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Wang J, Weller DS, Kramer CM, Salerno M. DEep learning-based rapid Spiral Image REconstruction (DESIRE) for high-resolution spiral first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4661. [PMID: 34939246 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to develop and evaluate a DEep learning-based rapid Spiral Image REconstruction (DESIRE) technique for high-resolution spiral first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging with whole-heart coverage, to provide fast and accurate image reconstruction for both single-slice (SS) and simultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisitions. Three-dimensional U-Net-based image enhancement architectures were evaluated for high-resolution spiral perfusion imaging at 3 T. The SS and SMS MB = 2 networks were trained on SS perfusion images from 156 slices from 20 subjects. Structural similarity index (SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) were assessed, and prospective images were blindly graded by two experienced cardiologists (5: excellent; 1: poor). Excellent performance was demonstrated for the proposed technique. For SS, SSIM, PSNR, and NRMSE were 0.977 [0.972, 0.982], 42.113 [40.174, 43.493] dB, and 0.102 [0.080, 0.125], respectively, for the best network. For SMS MB = 2 retrospective data, SSIM, PSNR, and NRMSE were 0.961 [0.950, 0.969], 40.834 [39.619, 42.004] dB, and 0.107 [0.086, 0.133], respectively, for the best network. The image quality scores were 4.5 [4.1, 4.8], 4.5 [4.3, 4.6], 3.5 [3.3, 4], and 3.5 [3.3, 3.8] for SS DESIRE, SS L1-SPIRiT, MB = 2 DESIRE, and MB = 2 SMS-slice-L1-SPIRiT, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference (p = 1 and p = 1 for SS and SMS, respectively) between L1-SPIRiT and the proposed DESIRE technique. The network inference time was ~100 ms per dynamic perfusion series with DESIRE, while the reconstruction time of L1-SPIRiT with GPU acceleration was ~ 30 min. It was concluded that DESIRE enabled fast and high-quality image reconstruction for both SS and SMS MB = 2 whole-heart high-resolution spiral perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel S Weller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher M Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Salerno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
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Tourais J, Scannell CM, Schneider T, Alskaf E, Crawley R, Bosio F, Sanchez-Gonzalez J, Doneva M, Schülke C, Meineke J, Keupp J, Smink J, Breeuwer M, Chiribiri A, Henningsson M, Correia T. High-Resolution Free-Breathing Quantitative First-Pass Perfusion Cardiac MR Using Dual-Echo Dixon With Spatio-Temporal Acceleration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:884221. [PMID: 35571164 PMCID: PMC9099052 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.884221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To develop and test the feasibility of free-breathing (FB), high-resolution quantitative first-pass perfusion cardiac MR (FPP-CMR) using dual-echo Dixon (FOSTERS; Fat-water separation for mOtion-corrected Spatio-TEmporally accelerated myocardial peRfuSion). Materials and Methods FOSTERS was performed in FB using a dual-saturation single-bolus acquisition with dual-echo Dixon and a dynamically variable Cartesian k-t undersampling (8-fold) approach, with low-rank and sparsity constrained reconstruction, to achieve high-resolution FPP-CMR images. FOSTERS also included automatic in-plane motion estimation and T2* correction to obtain quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) maps. High-resolution (1.6 x 1.6 mm2) FB FOSTERS was evaluated in eleven patients, during rest, against standard-resolution (2.6 x 2.6 mm2) 2-fold SENSE-accelerated breath-hold (BH) FPP-CMR. In addition, MBF was computed for FOSTERS and spatial wavelet-based compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction. Two cardiologists scored the image quality (IQ) of FOSTERS, CS, and standard BH FPP-CMR images using a 4-point scale (1–4, non-diagnostic – fully diagnostic). Results FOSTERS produced high-quality images without dark-rim and with reduced motion-related artifacts, using an 8x accelerated FB acquisition. FOSTERS and standard BH FPP-CMR exhibited excellent IQ with an average score of 3.5 ± 0.6 and 3.4 ± 0.6 (no statistical difference, p > 0.05), respectively. CS images exhibited severe artifacts and high levels of noise, resulting in an average IQ score of 2.9 ± 0.5. MBF values obtained with FOSTERS presented a lower variance than those obtained with CS. Discussion FOSTERS enabled high-resolution FB FPP-CMR with MBF quantification. Combining motion correction with a low-rank and sparsity-constrained reconstruction results in excellent image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tourais
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of MR R&D – Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Physics, Magnetic Resonance Systems Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Cian M. Scannell
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ebraham Alskaf
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Crawley
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Bosio
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jouke Smink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Breeuwer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of MR R&D – Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Henningsson
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Teresa Correia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Teresa Correia
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9
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McElroy S, Ferrazzi G, Nazir MS, Evans C, Ferreira J, Bosio F, Mughal N, Kunze KP, Neji R, Speier P, Stäb D, Ismail TF, Masci PG, Villa ADM, Razavi R, Chiribiri A, Roujol S. Simultaneous multislice steady-state free precession myocardial perfusion with full left ventricular coverage and high resolution at 1.5 T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:663-675. [PMID: 35344593 PMCID: PMC9310832 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To implement and evaluate a simultaneous multi‐slice balanced SSFP (SMS‐bSSFP) perfusion sequence and compressed sensing reconstruction for cardiac MR perfusion imaging with full left ventricular (LV) coverage (nine slices/heartbeat) and high spatial resolution (1.4 × 1.4 mm2) at 1.5T. Methods A preliminary study was performed to evaluate the performance of blipped controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) and RF‐CAIPI with gradient‐controlled local Larmor adjustment (GC‐LOLA) in the presence of fat. A nine‐slice SMS‐bSSFP sequence using RF‐CAIPI with GC‐LOLA with high spatial resolution (1.4 × 1.4 mm2) and a conventional three‐slice sequence with conventional spatial resolution (1.9 × 1.9 mm2) were then acquired in 10 patients under rest conditions. Qualitative assessment was performed to assess image quality and perceived signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) on a 4‐point scale (0: poor image quality/low SNR; 3: excellent image quality/high SNR), and the number of myocardial segments with diagnostic image quality was recorded. Quantitative measurements of myocardial sharpness and upslope index were performed. Results Fat signal leakage was significantly higher for blipped CAIPI than for RF‐CAIPI with GC‐LOLA (7.9% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.010). All 10 SMS‐bSSFP perfusion datasets resulted in 16/16 diagnostic myocardial segments. There were no significant differences between the SMS and conventional acquisitions in terms of image quality (2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 2.7 ± 0.2, p = 0.8) or perceived SNR (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.3). Inter‐reader variability was good for both image quality (ICC = 0.84) and perceived SNR (ICC = 0.70). Myocardial sharpness was improved using the SMS sequence compared to the conventional sequence (0.37 ± 0.08 vs 0.32 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between measurements of upslope index for the SMS and conventional sequences (0.11 ± 0.04 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03, p = 0.84). Conclusion SMS‐bSSFP with multiband factor 3 and compressed sensing reconstruction enables cardiac MR perfusion imaging with three‐fold increased spatial coverage and improved myocardial sharpness compared to a conventional sequence, without compromising perceived SNR, image quality, upslope index or number of diagnostic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McElroy
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Muhummad Sohaib Nazir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Evans
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joana Ferreira
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Filippo Bosio
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nabila Mughal
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Karl P Kunze
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, England, UK
| | - Radhouene Neji
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, England, UK
| | - Peter Speier
- Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Stäb
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tevfik F Ismail
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pier Giorgio Masci
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adriana D M Villa
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sébastien Roujol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Ismail TF, Strugnell W, Coletti C, Božić-Iven M, Weingärtner S, Hammernik K, Correia T, Küstner T. Cardiac MR: From Theory to Practice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826283. [PMID: 35310962 PMCID: PMC8927633 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality, causing over 17. 9 million deaths worldwide per year with associated costs of over $800 billion. Improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CVD is therefore a global priority. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a clinically important technique for the assessment of cardiovascular anatomy, function, perfusion, and viability. However, diversity and complexity of imaging, reconstruction and analysis methods pose some limitations to the widespread use of CMR. Especially in view of recent developments in the field of machine learning that provide novel solutions to address existing problems, it is necessary to bridge the gap between the clinical and scientific communities. This review covers five essential aspects of CMR to provide a comprehensive overview ranging from CVDs to CMR pulse sequence design, acquisition protocols, motion handling, image reconstruction and quantitative analysis of the obtained data. (1) The basic MR physics of CMR is introduced. Basic pulse sequence building blocks that are commonly used in CMR imaging are presented. Sequences containing these building blocks are formed for parametric mapping and functional imaging techniques. Commonly perceived artifacts and potential countermeasures are discussed for these methods. (2) CMR methods for identifying CVDs are illustrated. Basic anatomy and functional processes are described to understand the cardiac pathologies and how they can be captured by CMR imaging. (3) The planning and conduct of a complete CMR exam which is targeted for the respective pathology is shown. Building blocks are illustrated to create an efficient and patient-centered workflow. Further strategies to cope with challenging patients are discussed. (4) Imaging acceleration and reconstruction techniques are presented that enable acquisition of spatial, temporal, and parametric dynamics of the cardiac cycle. The handling of respiratory and cardiac motion strategies as well as their integration into the reconstruction processes is showcased. (5) Recent advances on deep learning-based reconstructions for this purpose are summarized. Furthermore, an overview of novel deep learning image segmentation and analysis methods is provided with a focus on automatic, fast and reliable extraction of biomarkers and parameters of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik F. Ismail
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Strugnell
- Queensland X-Ray, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chiara Coletti
- Magnetic Resonance Systems Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Maša Božić-Iven
- Magnetic Resonance Systems Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Hammernik
- Lab for AI in Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Correia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faro, Portugal
| | - Thomas Küstner
- Medical Image and Data Analysis (MIDAS.lab), Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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