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Bardhan M, Polavarapu K, Baskar D, Preethish-Kumar V, Vengalil S, Nashi S, Ganaraja VH, Sharma D, Kulanthaivelu K, Nandeesh B, Nalini A. Identification of a Novel Intronic Mutation in VMA21 Associated with a Classical Form of X-Linked Myopathy with Autophagy. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:167-174. [PMID: 38736558 PMCID: PMC11087142 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction VMA21 -related myopathy is one of the rare forms of slowly progressive myopathy observed in males. Till now, there have been only a handful of reports, mainly from Europe and America, and two reports from India. Method Here, we describe a case of genetically confirmed VMA21 -associated myopathy with clinical, histopathological, and imaging features with a list of known VMA21 mutations. Results A 29-year-old man had the onset of symptoms at 18 years of age with features of proximal lower limb weakness. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed the preferential involvement of vasti and adductor magnus. A biopsy of the left quadriceps femoris showed features of autophagic vacuolar myopathy with vacuoles containing granular eosinophilic materials. In targeted next-generation sequencing, hemizygous mutation in the 3' splice site of intron 2 of the VMA21 gene (c.164-7 T > A) was identified and confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy. Conclusion This report expands the phenotypic and genotypic profile of VMA21 -related myopathy, with a yet unreported mutation in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 5B2, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dipti Baskar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Veeramani Preethish-Kumar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Valakunja H. Ganaraja
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Sharma
- Deaprtment of Neuroradiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthik Kulanthaivelu
- Deaprtment of Neuroradiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B.N. Nandeesh
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Fernández-Eulate G, Alfieri G, Spinazzi M, Ackermann-Bonan I, Duval F, Solé G, Caillon F, Mercier S, Pereon Y, Magot A, Pegat A, Salort-Campana E, Chabrol B, Gorokhova S, Krahn M, Biancalana V, Evangelista T, Behin A, Metay C, Stojkovic T. Phenotype variability and natural history of X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12298-0. [PMID: 38517523 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) linked to the VMA21 gene leads to autophagy failure with progressive vacuolation and atrophy of skeletal muscles. Current knowledge of this rare disease is limited. Our objective was to define the clinical, radiological, and natural history of XMEA. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study collecting clinical, genetic, muscle imaging, and biopsy data of XMEA patients followed in France and reviewed the literature for additional cases. RESULTS Eighteen males had genetically confirmed XMEA in France, carrying four different VMA21 variants. Mean age at disease onset was 9.4 ± 9.9 (range 1-40) years. In 14/18 patients (77.8%), onset occurred during childhood (< 15 years); however in four patients, the disease started in adulthood. Patients had anterior and medial compartment thigh muscle weakness, distal contractures (56.3%), elevated CK levels (1287.9 ± 757.8 U/l) and autophagic vacuoles with sarcolemmal features on muscle histopathology. Muscle MRI (n = 10) showed a characteristic pattern of lower limb muscle involvement. In 11 patients, outcome measures were available for an average follow-up period of 10.6 ± 9.8 years and six of them show disease progression. Mean change of functional outcomes was 0.5 ± 1.2 points for Brooke and 2.2 ± 2.5 points for Vignos score, 7/16 patients (43.8%) needed a walking aid and 3/16 (18.8%) were wheelchair-bound (median age of 40 years old, range 39-48). The variant c.164-7 T > G was associated with a later onset of symptoms. Respiratory insufficiency was common (57.1%) but cardiac involvement rare (12.5%). INTERPRETATION XMEA has variable age of onset, but a characteristic clinical, histopathological, and muscle imaging presentation, guiding the diagnosis. Although slowly, motor disability progresses with time, and relevant genotype-phenotype correlations will help design future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Fernández-Eulate
- Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, 47-83 Bd de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Girolamo Alfieri
- Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, 47-83 Bd de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Neurology Department, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Fanny Duval
- Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center "AOC", Nerve-Muscle Unit, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guilhem Solé
- Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center "AOC", Nerve-Muscle Unit, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sandra Mercier
- Medical Genetics Department, Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center "AOC", CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yann Pereon
- Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center "AOC", Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU de Nantes, FILNEMUS, Euro-NMD, Nantes, France
| | - Armelle Magot
- Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center "AOC", Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU de Nantes, FILNEMUS, Euro-NMD, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Pegat
- Electroneuromyography and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, PACA-Réunion-Rhône Alpes Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Pierre Wertheimer Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS Reference Center, FILNEMUS, CHU La Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Svetlana Gorokhova
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU La Timone Enfants, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Krahn
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU La Timone Enfants, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Valerie Biancalana
- Diagnostic Genetics Laboratory, CRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- Muscle Pathology Unit, Institut de Myologie, Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Behin
- Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, 47-83 Bd de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Metay
- Cardiomyogenetics and Molecular and Cellular Myogenetics Unit, Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, 47-83 Bd de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
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Nelke C, Schmid S, Kleefeld F, Schroeter CB, Goebel HH, Hoffmann S, Preuße C, Kölbel H, Meuth SG, Ruck T, Stenzel W. Complement and MHC patterns can provide the diagnostic framework for inflammatory neuromuscular diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:15. [PMID: 38214778 PMCID: PMC10786976 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Histopathological analysis stands as the gold standard for the identification and differentiation of inflammatory neuromuscular diseases. These disorders continue to constitute a diagnostic challenge due to their clinical heterogeneity, rarity and overlapping features. To establish standardized protocols for the diagnosis of inflammatory neuromuscular diseases, the development of cost-effective and widely applicable tools is crucial, especially in settings constrained by limited resources. The focus of this review is to emphasize the diagnostic value of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and complement patterns in the immunohistochemical analysis of these diseases. We explore the immunological background of MHC and complement signatures that characterize inflammatory features, with a specific focus on idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. With this approach, we aim to provide a diagnostic algorithm that may improve and simplify the diagnostic workup based on a limited panel of stainings. Our approach acknowledges the current limitations in the field of inflammatory neuromuscular diseases, particularly the scarcity of large-scale, prospective studies that validate the diagnostic potential of these markers. Further efforts are needed to establish a consensus on the diagnostic protocol to effectively distinguish these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Kleefeld
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Preuße
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Klinik für Kinderheilkunde I, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Leibniz Science Campus Chronic Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
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Blanco-Arias P, Medina Martínez I, Arrabal Fernández L, Rivas Infante E, Salmerón Fernández MJ, González Hervás C, Azcón González de Aguilar P, Armengol L, Pedrinaci S, Perin F. Severe congenital X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy secondary to an apparently synonymous but pathogenic novel variant. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:557-561. [PMID: 37329680 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy is a rare inherited disease characterized by aberrant accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in skeletal muscle. Affected males usually show a slow progression and the heart is characteristically spared. We present four male patients from the same family with an extremely aggressive form of this disease, requiring permanent mechanical ventilation from birth. Ambulation was never achieved. Three died, one in the first hour of life, one at 7 years and one at 17 years, the last death being a consequence of heart failure. Muscle biopsy showed pathognomonic features of the disease in the 4 affected males. Genetic study found a novel synonymous variant in VMA21, c.294C>T (Gly98=). Genotyping was consistent with co-segregation with the phenotype in an X-linked recessive manner. An alteration of the normal splice pattern was confirmed by transcriptome analysis, proving that the apparently synonymous variant was the cause of this extremely severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eloy Rivas Infante
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lluis Armengol
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories SL, "qGenomics", Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Pedrinaci
- Genetic Department, Virgen de las Nieves and San Cecilio University Hospitals, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Perin
- Pediatric Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada 18014, Spain.
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5
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Pegat A, Streichenberger N, Lacoste N, Hermier M, Menassa R, Coudert L, Theuriet J, Froissart R, Terrone S, Bouhour F, Michel-Calemard L, Schaeffer L, Jacquier A. Novel Intronic Mutation in VMA21 Causing Severe Phenotype of X-Linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy-Case Report. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122245. [PMID: 36553512 PMCID: PMC9777698 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy (XMEA) is a rare autophagic vacuolar myopathy caused by mutations in the Vacuolar ATPase assembly factor VMA21 gene; onset usually occurs during childhood and rarely occurs during adulthood. We described a 22-year-old patient with XMEA, whose onset was declared at 11 through gait disorder. He had severe four-limb proximal weakness and amyotrophy, and his proximal muscle MRC score was between 2 and 3/5 in four limbs; creatine kinase levels were elevated (1385 IU/L), and electroneuromyography and muscle MRI were suggestive of myopathy. Muscle biopsy showed abnormalities typical of autophagic vacuolar myopathy. We detected a hemizygous, unreported, intronic, single-nucleotide substitution c.164-20T>A (NM_001017980.4) in intron 2 of the VMA21 gene. Fibroblasts derived from this patient displayed a reduced level of VMA21 transcripts (at 40% of normal) and protein, suggesting a pathogenicity related to an alteration of the splicing efficiency associated with an intron retention. This patient with XMEA displayed a severe phenotype (rapid weakness of upper and lower limbs) due to a new intronic variant of VMA21, related to an alteration in the splicing efficiency associated with intron retention, suggesting that phenotype severity is closely related to the residual expression of the VMA21 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Pegat
- Service ENMG et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique P. Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.J.)
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’anatomopathologie, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est (CBPE), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Nicolas Lacoste
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marc Hermier
- Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Neurologique P. Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Rita Menassa
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est (CBPE), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Coudert
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julian Theuriet
- Service ENMG et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique P. Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Roseline Froissart
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est (CBPE), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Terrone
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Francoise Bouhour
- Service ENMG et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique P. Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Michel-Calemard
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est (CBPE), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, Hospices Civils de Lyon-Groupement Est, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquier
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, Hospices Civils de Lyon-Groupement Est, 69500 Bron, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.J.)
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Rajeshwari M, Dhiman N, Chakrabarty B, Gulati S, Shamim U, Faruq M, Suri V, Sharma MC. X-linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy - A Rare Cause of Vacuolar Myopathy in Children. Neurol India 2022; 70:1643-1648. [PMID: 36076674 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) is a rare, recently characterized type of autophagic vacuolar myopathy caused by mutations in the VMA21 gene. It is characterized by slowly progressive weakness restricted to proximal limb muscles and generally has a favorable outcome. The characteristic histological and ultrastructural features distinguish this entity from other mimics, notably Danon disease. XMEA is an under recognized disease and should be considered in the differentials of slowly progressive myopathy in children. Awareness of this rare entity is also important for the pathologists in order to distinguish it from other causes of vacuolar myopathy in view of its favourable prognosis. We report the first genetically confirmed case of XMEA from India in an 8-year-old boy which was diagnosed based on the characteristic light microscopic and ultrastructural findings on muscle biopsy and subsequently confirmed by mutation analysis. The differential diagnostic considerations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Rajeshwari
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Dhiman
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Biswaroop Chakrabarty
- Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheffali Gulati
- Department of Pediatrics (Child Neurology Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uzma Shamim
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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7
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X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy: First report of an Israeli family presenting with late onset lower limb girdle weakness. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:854-858. [PMID: 34404574 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) is a rare disorder characterized by slow progressive muscle weakness and distinctive pathology of excessive autophagic vacuoles on muscle biopsy. Here we report on five patients, in a single family, with proximal lower limb weakness. The proband, a 25-year-old man, presented with 5 years of progressive lower limbs proximal muscle weakness. His maternal grandfather and three of his maternal male cousins had similar clinical findings and were initially suspected to have Becker muscular dystrophy. Muscle biopsy in two affected family members demonstrated autophagic myopathy, and guided the genetic investigations to the identification of a pathogenic mutation, c.272G > C in the VMA21 gene, known to cause XMEA [1]. To the best of our knowledge this is the first identified Israeli Jewish family afflicted by XMEA.
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8
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Davalos L, Janecek J, Fudym Y, McKeever P, Callaghan BC. Clinical Reasoning: A 59-Year-Old Man With Progressive Proximal Weakness Since Childhood. Neurology 2021; 97:958-963. [PMID: 34261780 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Long Davalos
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jacqueline Janecek
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yelena Fudym
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul McKeever
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian C Callaghan
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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9
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Xia Q, Huang X, Huang J, Zheng Y, March ME, Li J, Wei Y. The Role of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:638983. [PMID: 33841177 PMCID: PMC8027491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.638983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of tissue in human body, being involved in diverse activities and maintaining a finely tuned metabolic balance. Autophagy, characterized by the autophagosome–lysosome system with the involvement of evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related genes, is an important catabolic process and plays an essential role in energy generation and consumption, as well as substance turnover processes in skeletal muscles. Autophagy in skeletal muscles is finely tuned under the tight regulation of diverse signaling pathways, and the autophagy pathway has cross-talk with other pathways to form feedback loops under physiological conditions and metabolic stress. Altered autophagy activity characterized by either increased formation of autophagosomes or inhibition of lysosome-autophagosome fusion can lead to pathological cascades, and mutations in autophagy genes and deregulation of autophagy pathways have been identified as one of the major causes for a variety of skeleton muscle disorders. The advancement of multi-omics techniques enables further understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of autophagy in skeletal muscle disorders, which may yield novel therapeutic targets for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Xia
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubo Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieru Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Zheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Cannata Serio M, Graham LA, Ashikov A, Larsen LE, Raymond K, Timal S, Le Meur G, Ryan M, Czarnowska E, Jansen JC, He M, Ficicioglu C, Pichurin P, Hasadsri L, Minassian B, Rugierri A, Kalimo H, Ríos‐Ocampo WA, Gilissen C, Rodenburg R, Jonker JW, Holleboom AG, Morava E, Veltman JA, Socha P, Stevens TH, Simons M, Lefeber DJ. Mutations in the V-ATPase Assembly Factor VMA21 Cause a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation With Autophagic Liver Disease. Hepatology 2020; 72:1968-1986. [PMID: 32145091 PMCID: PMC7483274 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vacuolar H+-ATP complex (V-ATPase) is a multisubunit protein complex required for acidification of intracellular compartments. At least five different factors are known to be essential for its assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Genetic defects in four of these V-ATPase assembly factors show overlapping clinical features, including steatotic liver disease and mild hypercholesterolemia. An exception is the assembly factor vacuolar ATPase assembly integral membrane protein (VMA21), whose X-linked mutations lead to autophagic myopathy. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we report pathogenic variants in VMA21 in male patients with abnormal protein glycosylation that result in mild cholestasis, chronic elevation of aminotransferases, elevation of (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and steatosis in hepatocytes. We also show that the VMA21 variants lead to V-ATPase misassembly and dysfunction. As a consequence, lysosomal acidification and degradation of phagocytosed materials are impaired, causing lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in autolysosomes. Moreover, VMA21 deficiency triggers ER stress and sequestration of unesterified cholesterol in lysosomes, thereby activating the sterol response element-binding protein-mediated cholesterol synthesis pathways. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that impaired lipophagy, ER stress, and increased cholesterol synthesis lead to LD accumulation and hepatic steatosis. V-ATPase assembly defects are thus a form of hereditary liver disease with implications for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Cannata Serio
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and DiseaseImagine InstituteUniversité Paris Descartes‐Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance,RBIV RNA Biology of Influenza Viruses UnitInstitut PasteurCNRS, UMR3569ParisFrance
| | - Laurie A. Graham
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryInstitute of Molecular BiologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
| | - Angel Ashikov
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineTranslational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Lars Elmann Larsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo College of MedicineRochesterMN,Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryInstitute of Molecular BiologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Department of PathologyThe Children’s Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Sharita Timal
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineTranslational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Gwenn Le Meur
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and DiseaseImagine InstituteUniversité Paris Descartes‐Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Margret Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyTranslational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Elzbieta Czarnowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Jos C. Jansen
- Division of Laboratory MedicineThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Miao He
- Division of Human GeneticsDepartment of PediatricsThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA,Department of Clinical GenomicsCollege of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Can Ficicioglu
- Division of Laboratory GeneticsDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Pavel Pichurin
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Linda Hasadsri
- Department of PediatricsRadboudumc Amalia Childrens HospitalRadboud Center for Mitochondrial MedicineNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Berge Minassian
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTXUSA
| | - Alessandra Rugierri
- Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo BestaMilanItaly,Department of Molecular and Translation MedicineUnit of Biology and Genetics, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Hannu Kalimo
- Department of Pathology, Haartman InstituteUniversity of Helsinki, FIN–00014HelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Richard Rodenburg
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Centre for NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo College of MedicineRochesterMN
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryInstitute of Molecular BiologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
| | - Eva Morava
- Institute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for LifeNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Joris A. Veltman
- Department of GastroenterologyFeeding Disorders and PediatricsChildren’s Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland,Section of Molecular Metabolism and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tom H. Stevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyTranslational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Matias Simons
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and DiseaseImagine InstituteUniversité Paris Descartes‐Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance,Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineTranslational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
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11
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Fernandes SA, Almeida CF, Souza LS, Lazar M, Onofre-Oliveira P, Yamamoto GL, Nogueira L, Tasaki LY, Cardoso RR, Pavanello RCM, Silva HCA, Ferrari MFR, Bigot A, Mouly V, Vainzof M. Altered in vitro muscle differentiation in X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm.041244. [PMID: 31826868 PMCID: PMC6994946 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) is a genetic disease associated with weakness of the proximal muscles. It is caused by mutations in the VMA21 gene, coding for a chaperone that functions in the vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase) assembly. Mutations associated with lower content of assembled v-ATPases lead to an increase in lysosomal pH, culminating in partial blockage of macroautophagy, with accumulation of vacuoles of undigested content. Here, we studied a 5-year-old boy affected by XMEA, caused by a small indel in the VMA21 gene. Detection of sarcoplasmic Lc3 (also known as MAP1LC3B)-positive vacuoles in his muscle biopsy confirmed an autophagy defect. To understand how autophagy is regulated in XMEA myogenesis, we used patient-derived muscle cells to evaluate autophagy during in vitro muscle differentiation. An increase in lysosomal pH was observed in the patient's cells, compatible with predicted functional defect of his mutation. Additionally, there was an increase in autophagic flux in XMEA myotubes. Interestingly, we observed that differentiation of XMEA myoblasts was altered, with increased myotube formation observed through a higher fusion index, which was not dependent on lysosomal acidification. Moreover, no variation in the expression of myogenic factors nor the presence of regenerating fibers in the patient's muscle were observed. Myoblast fusion is a tightly regulated process; therefore, the uncontrolled fusion of XMEA myoblasts might generate cells that are not as functional as normal muscle cells. Our data provide new evidence on the reason for predominant muscle involvement in the context of the XMEA phenotype. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Here, we show that in X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy there is increased fusion of myoblasts, which is not caused by the primary lysosomal acidification defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Fernandes
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila F Almeida
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Souza
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monize Lazar
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Onofre-Oliveira
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Yamamoto
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Nogueira
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Y Tasaki
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela R Cardoso
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita C M Pavanello
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helga C A Silva
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, Federal University of São Paulo, 04023-062 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, U974, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, U974, Center for Research in Myology, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Rao S, Chandra SR, Narayanappa G. X-Linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy; A Case Report. Neurol India 2019; 67:1344-1346. [PMID: 31744973 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.271280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) is a rare, slowly progressive muscle disease characterized by membrane-bound sarcoplasmic vacuoles distinct from other forms of myopathies with vacuoles. We report this rare condition in a 5-year-old boy with proximal muscle weakness and morphological evidence of autophagic vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Rao
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Chandra
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gayathri Narayanappa
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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13
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Castets P, Frank S, Sinnreich M, Rüegg MA. "Get the Balance Right": Pathological Significance of Autophagy Perturbation in Neuromuscular Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:127-155. [PMID: 27854220 PMCID: PMC5271579 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that autophagy, a major catabolic process in cells, is dysregulated in several neuromuscular diseases and contributes to the muscle wasting caused by non-muscle disorders (e.g. cancer cachexia) or during aging (i.e. sarcopenia). From there, the idea arose to interfere with autophagy or manipulate its regulatory signalling to help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression. The major difficulty for the development of therapeutic strategies is to restore a balanced autophagic flux, due to the dynamic nature of autophagy. Thus, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms and identify the signalling pathways at play in the control of autophagy in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive analysis of the autophagic flux and of the causes of its dysregulation is required to assess the pathogenic role of autophagy in diseased muscle. Furthermore, it is essential that experiments distinguish between primary dysregulation of autophagy (prior to disease onset) and impairments as a consequence of the pathology. Of note, in most muscle disorders, autophagy perturbation is not caused by genetic modification of an autophagy-related protein, but rather through indirect alteration of regulatory signalling or lysosomal function. In this review, we will present the mechanisms involved in autophagy, and those ensuring its tight regulation in skeletal muscle. We will then discuss as to how autophagy dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders and possible ways to interfere with this process to limit disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Mercier S, Magot A, Caillon F, Isidor B, David A, Ferrer X, Vital A, Coquet M, Penttilä S, Udd B, Mussini JM, Pereon Y. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:673-80. [PMID: 25809233 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA) is an X-linked recessive myopathy due to recently reported mutations in the VMA21 gene. METHODS Four men from 2 separate families were studied. The clinical presentation, genetic data, muscle biopsy, and muscle MRI were analyzed. RESULTS A known VMA21 mutation, c.163+4A>G, and a new mutation, c.163+3A>G, respectively, were found in the 2 families. The clinical course was characterized by onset in childhood and progressive muscle weakness with a limb-girdle pattern. Muscle biopsy revealed a mild myopathy with an increased number of giant autophagic vacuoles. Whole-body muscle MRI showed that pelvic girdle and proximal thighs were the most and earliest affected territories, with sparing of rectus femoris muscles. Muscle changes essentially consisted of degenerative fatty replacement. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a distinctive MRI pattern of muscle involvement, which can be helpful for diagnosis of XMEA, even before muscle biopsy or genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mercier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Mre-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes, Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093, Nantes cedex, France.,Atlantic Gene Therapy, Biotherapy Institute for Rare Diseases, Nantes, France
| | - Armelle Magot
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes, Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093, Nantes cedex, France.,Atlantic Gene Therapy, Biotherapy Institute for Rare Diseases, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Caillon
- Service de Radiologie Centrale, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Mre-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes, Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093, Nantes cedex, France
| | - Albert David
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Mre-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes, Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093, Nantes cedex, France
| | - Xavier Ferrer
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Vital
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michelle Coquet
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sini Penttilä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital Tampere, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital Tampere, Finland.,Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Jean-Marie Mussini
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes, Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093, Nantes cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yann Pereon
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes, Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093, Nantes cedex, France.,Atlantic Gene Therapy, Biotherapy Institute for Rare Diseases, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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15
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Munteanu I, Ramachandran N, Ruggieri A, Awaya T, Nishino I, Minassian BA. Congenital autophagic vacuolar myopathy is allelic to X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy. Neurology 2015; 84:1714-6. [PMID: 25817839 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Munteanu
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (I.M., N.R., A.R., B.A.M.), and Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics (B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (T.A.), Kyoto University Hospital; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Sciences (B.A.M.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Nivetha Ramachandran
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (I.M., N.R., A.R., B.A.M.), and Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics (B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (T.A.), Kyoto University Hospital; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Sciences (B.A.M.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Alessandra Ruggieri
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (I.M., N.R., A.R., B.A.M.), and Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics (B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (T.A.), Kyoto University Hospital; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Sciences (B.A.M.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (I.M., N.R., A.R., B.A.M.), and Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics (B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (T.A.), Kyoto University Hospital; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Sciences (B.A.M.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (I.M., N.R., A.R., B.A.M.), and Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics (B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (T.A.), Kyoto University Hospital; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Sciences (B.A.M.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (I.M., N.R., A.R., B.A.M.), and Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics (B.A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (T.A.), Kyoto University Hospital; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Sciences (B.A.M.), University of Toronto, Canada.
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16
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Dowling JJ, Moore SA, Kalimo H, Minassian BA. X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy: a failure of self-eating. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:383-90. [PMID: 25644398 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagic vacuolar myopathies (AVMs) are a group of disorders united by shared histopathological features on muscle biopsy that include the aberrant accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. The classic conditions that compose the AVMs include Pompe Disease, Danon Disease and X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (XMEA). Other disorders, including acquired myopathies like chloroquine toxicity, also have features of an autophagic myopathy. This review is focused on XMEA, a myopathy with onset of slowly progressive proximal weakness and elevated serum creatine kinase (2× to 20× normal) typically in the first decade of life. However, both late-adult onset and severe, sometimes lethal, neonatal cases also occur. Skeletal muscle pathology is characterized by numerous cytoplasmic autophagic vacuoles, complex muscle fiber splitting with internalization of capillaries, and complement C5b-9 deposition within vacuoles and along the sarcolemma. The autophagic vacuoles have sarcolemmal features. Mutations in the VMA21 gene at Xq28 cause XMEA by reducing the activity of lysosomal hydrolases. The VMA21 protein regulates the assembly of the V-ATPase required to acidify the lysosome. Increased lysosomal pH and poor degradation of cellular debris may secondarily induce autophagy, the net effect being accumulation of autophagolysosomes. The relationship of XMEA to other lysosomal disorders of muscle and potential therapeutic interventions for XMEA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada,
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17
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Ruggieri A, Ramachandran N, Wang P, Haan E, Kneebone C, Manavis J, Morandi L, Moroni I, Blumbergs P, Mora M, Minassian B. Non-coding VMA21 deletions cause X-linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular programme for the turnover of organelles, proteins, and other macromolecules, involving the lysosomal degradation pathway. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy can play a central role in human metabolism as well as impact diverse cellular processes including organelle homeostasis, cell death and proliferation, lipid and glycogen metabolism, and the regulation of inflammation and immune responses. The purpose of this review is to examine recent evidence for the role of autophagy in cellular metabolism, and its relevance to select human diseases that involve disorders of metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that autophagy may play multiple roles in metabolic diseases, including diabetes and its complications, metabolic syndrome and obesity, myopathies and other inborn errors of metabolism, as well as other diseases that may involve altered mitochondrial function. SUMMARY Strategies aimed at modulating autophagy may lead to therapies for diseases in which altered cellular and tissue metabolism play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Ryter
- Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 525 East 68th Street Room M-522, Box 130, New York, NY 10065
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Stefan W. Ryter, PhD. Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 525 East 68th Street Room M-522, Box 130, New York, NY 10065. Tel: 212-746-4720, Fax: 212-746-8793
| | - Michael Koo
- Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 525 East 68th Street Room M-522, Box 130, New York, NY 10065
| | - Augustine M.K. Choi
- Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 525 East 68th Street Room M-522, Box 130, New York, NY 10065
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