1
|
Zhu X, Chen W, Thirupathi A. Sprint Interval Training Improves Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor-Induced Benefits in Brain Health-A Possible Molecular Signaling Intervention. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:562. [PMID: 39194500 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise can significantly impact our bodies, affecting our functional capacity, structure establishment, and molecular makeup. The magnitude of these changes depends on the specific exercise protocols used. For instance, low-to-moderate-intensity exercise can activate important molecular targets in the short term, such as BDNF-mediated signaling, while high-intensity exercise can maintain these signaling molecules in the active state for a longer term. This makes it challenging to recommend specific exercises for obtaining BDNF-induced benefits. Additionally, exercise-induced molecular signaling targets can have positive and negative effects, with some exercises blunting these targets and others activating them. For example, increasing BDNF concentration through exercise can be beneficial for brain health, but it may also have a negative impact on conditions such as bipolar disorder. Therefore, a deeper understanding of a specific exercise-mediated mechanistic approach is required. This review will delve into how the sprint exercise-mediated activation of BDNF could help maintain brain health and explore potential molecular interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhu
- School of Competitive Sports, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- School of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giuriato G, Romanelli MG, Bartolini D, Vernillo G, Pedrinolla A, Moro T, Franchi M, Locatelli E, Andani ME, Laginestra FG, Barbi C, Aloisi GF, Cavedon V, Milanese C, Orlandi E, De Simone T, Fochi S, Patuzzo C, Malerba G, Fabene P, Donadelli M, Stabile AM, Pistilli A, Rende M, Galli F, Schena F, Venturelli M. Sex differences in neuromuscular and biological determinants of isometric maximal force. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14118. [PMID: 38385696 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Force expression is characterized by an interplay of biological and molecular determinants that are expected to differentiate males and females in terms of maximal performance. These include muscle characteristics (muscle size, fiber type, contractility), neuromuscular regulation (central and peripheral factors of force expression), and individual genetic factors (miRNAs and gene/protein expression). This research aims to comprehensively assess these physiological variables and their role as determinants of maximal force difference between sexes. METHODS Experimental evaluations include neuromuscular components of isometric contraction, intrinsic muscle characteristics (proteins and fiber type), and some biomarkers associated with muscle function (circulating miRNAs and gut microbiome) in 12 young and healthy males and 12 females. RESULTS Male strength superiority appears to stem primarily from muscle size while muscle fiber-type distribution plays a crucial role in contractile properties. Moderate-to-strong pooled correlations between these muscle parameters were established with specific circulating miRNAs, as well as muscle and plasma proteins. CONCLUSION Muscle size is crucial in explaining the differences in maximal voluntary isometric force generation between males and females with similar fiber type distribution. Potential physiological mechanisms are seen from associations between maximal force, skeletal muscle contractile properties, and biological markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Alberta - Augustana Campus, Camrose, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna Pedrinolla
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martino Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Locatelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mehran Emadi Andani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Utah, USA
| | - Chiara Barbi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Fiorini Aloisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Cavedon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Orlandi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tonia De Simone
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Fochi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Patuzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabene
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pistilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gomes ESA, Van den Heuvel OA, Rietberg MB, De Groot V, Hirsch MA, Van de Berg WDJ, Jaspers RT, Vriend C, Vanbellingen T, Van Wegen EEH. (HIIT-The Track) High-Intensity Interval Training for People with Parkinson's Disease: Individual Response Patterns of (Non-)Motor Symptoms and Blood-Based Biomarkers-A Crossover Single-Case Experimental Design. Brain Sci 2023; 13:849. [PMID: 37371330 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical exercise is receiving increasing interest as an augmentative non-pharmacological intervention in Parkinson's disease (PD). This pilot study primarily aimed to quantify individual response patterns of motor symptoms to alternating exercise modalities, along with non-motor functioning and blood biomarkers of neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. MATERIALS & METHODS People with PD performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) using a crossover single-case experimental design. A repeated assessment of outcome measures was conducted. The trajectories of outcome measures were visualized in time series plots and interpreted relative to the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and smallest detectable change (SDC) or as a change in the positive or negative direction using trend lines. RESULTS Data of three participants were analyzed and engaging in physical exercise seemed beneficial for reducing motor symptoms. Participant 1 demonstrated improvement in motor function, independent of exercise modality; while for participant 2, such a clinically relevant (positive) change in motor function was only observed in response to CAE. Participant 3 showed improved motor function after HIIT, but no comparison could be made with CAE because of drop-out. Heterogeneous responses on secondary outcome measures were found, not only between exercise modalities but also among participants. CONCLUSION Though this study underpins the positive impact of physical exercise in the management of PD, large variability in individual response patterns to the interventions among participants makes it difficult to identify clear exercise-induced adaptations in functioning and blood biomarkers. Further research is needed to overcome methodological challenges in measuring individual response patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S Amaral Gomes
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A Van den Heuvel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc B Rietberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent De Groot
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & Neuroinflammation, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Hirsch
- Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health Carolinas Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wilma D J Van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory of Myology, Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Tissue Function & Regeneration, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Vriend
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanbellingen
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Erwin E H Van Wegen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurovascular Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rentería I, García-Suárez PC, Fry AC, Moncada-Jiménez J, Machado-Parra JP, Antunes BM, Jiménez-Maldonado A. The Molecular Effects of BDNF Synthesis on Skeletal Muscle: A Mini-Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:934714. [PMID: 35874524 PMCID: PMC9306488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the nerve growth factor family which is generated mainly by the brain. Its main role involve synaptic modulation, neurogenesis, neuron survival, immune regulation, myocardial contraction, and angiogenesis in the brain. Together with the encephalon, some peripheral tissues synthesize BDNF like skeletal muscle. On this tissue, this neurotrophin participates on cellular mechanisms related to muscle function maintenance and plasticity as reported on recent scientific works. Moreover, during exercise stimuli the BDNF contributes directly to strengthening neuromuscular junctions, muscle regeneration, insulin-regulated glucose uptake and β-oxidation processes in muscle tissue. Given its vital relevance on many physiological mechanisms, the current mini-review focuses on discussing up-to-date knowledge about BDNF production in skeletal muscle and how this neurotrophin impacts skeletal muscle biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - P C García-Suárez
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico.,Department of Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - A C Fry
- Department of Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - J Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J P Machado-Parra
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - B M Antunes
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - A Jiménez-Maldonado
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang T, Maltez MT, Lee HW, Ahmad M, Wang HW, Leenen FHH. Effect of exercise training on the FNDC5/BDNF pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14323. [PMID: 31883222 PMCID: PMC6934876 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sympathetic activity contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Exercise training lowers sympathetic activity and is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and associated cognitive impairment. Increased BDNF expression in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain may contribute to these actions of exercise, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. We postulated that hypertension is associated with decreased hippocampal BDNF, which can be restored by exercise‐mediated upregulation of fibronectin type‐II domain‐containing 5 (FNDC5). Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to 5 weeks of motorized treadmill training. BDNF and FNDC5 expressions were measured in the left ventricle (LV), quadriceps, soleus muscle, and brain areas. Exercise training reduced blood pressure (BP) in both strains. BDNF and FNDC5 protein in the LV were increased in SHR, but exercise increased only BDNF protein in both strains. BDNF mRNA, but not protein, was increased in the quadriceps of SHR, and BDNF mRNA and protein were decreased by exercise in both groups. FNDC5 protein was higher in SHR in both the quadriceps and soleus muscle, whereas exercise increased FNDC5 protein only in the quadriceps in both strains. BDNF mRNA was lower in the dentate gyrus (DG) of SHR, which was normalized by exercise. BDNF mRNA expression in the DG negatively correlated with BP. No differences in FNDC5 expression were observed in the brain, suggesting that enhanced BDNF signaling may contribute to the cardiovascular and neurological benefits of exercise training, and these processes involve peripheral, but not central, FNDC5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa T Maltez
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Heow Won Lee
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Monir Ahmad
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frans H H Leenen
- Brain and Heart Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Role of Forced and Voluntary Training on Accumulation of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule and Polysialic Acid in Muscle of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5160958. [PMID: 32328133 PMCID: PMC7168727 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5160958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that depletion of adhesion molecules is one of the factors associated with or possibly responsible for multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of forced and voluntary training before and after induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) on accumulation of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid (PSA) in neuromuscular junction denervation in plantaris and soleus muscles in C57BL/6 female mice. A total of 40 female C57BL/6 mice, 10-week-old, were randomly divided into four groups, including induced control groups without EAE induction, induced EAE without training, and forced and voluntary training groups. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 (300 μg in saline; MOG 35–55; KJ Ross-Petersen ApS, Denmark) was injected subcutaneously at the base of the tail of each mouse. Clinical assessment of EAE was performed daily using a 15-point scoring system following immunization. Training groups performed the swimming program for 30 min/day, 5 times/week, for 4 weeks. Mice had access to a treadmill for one hour per day, 5times/week, for 4 weeks in individual cage. The mice were scarified, and the plantaris and soleus muscles were then isolated for investigation of proteins expression using IHC. An analysis of the preventive exercise (before) and recovery exercise (after) of the EAE was performed. Images of the stained sections were taken using a fluorescent microscope. Quantitative image analysis was performed using ImageJ software package. The obtained data from the mean percentage expression of PSA and NCAM in pre- and post-soleus and plantaris muscles showed that the highest and lowest expression levels of PSA and NCAM belonged to control and swim EAE (SE) groups, respectively. The low expression levels of PSA and NCAM were detected in rat with MS without intervention. In conclusion, the relationship between increasing levels of NCAM and PSA protein expression and voluntary and compulsory activity were detectable both in pre and post-soleus and plantaris. However, voluntary activity resulted in more expression levels of NCAM and PSA than that of compulsory. In conclusion, since it has been suggested that depletion of NCAM is one of the factors associated with or possibly responsible for MS progression, these findings show exercise MS progression may be reduced by increasing expression of exercise-related adhesion molecule such as NCAM and PSA (a glycan modification of the NCAM).
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiménez-Maldonado A, Virgen-Ortiz A, Lemus M, Castro-Rodríguez E, Cerna-Cortés J, Muñiz J, Montero S, Roces E. Effects of Moderate- and High-Intensity Chronic Exercise on the Adiponectin Levels in Slow-Twitch and Fast-Twitch Muscles in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060291. [PMID: 31248228 PMCID: PMC6632088 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle secrete adiponectin, a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes, that through the adiponectin receptor, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin appears to protect skeletal muscles from inflammatory damage induced by oxidative stress. It has been suggested that decreased adiponectin levels could be associated with pathologic conditions, including obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, some studies suggest that exercise could have a beneficial effect by increasing adiponectin levels, but this observation remains controversial. It is also unknown if physical exercise modifies adiponectin expression in skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exercise on serum adiponectin and adiponectin expression in slow-twitch (soleus) and fast-twitch (plantaris) muscles in healthy rats. Materials and methods: Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups with n = 6 in each group: control (C), moderate-intensity training (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT). The rats were conditioned to run on a treadmill for the 8-week period. Forty-eight hours after the last session, blood samples were collected for adiponectin measurements and total RNA was isolated from plantaris and soleus muscles to measure by RT-qPCR adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin mRNA expression level. Results: MIT and HIT groups had reduced adiponectin protein levels in serum and the plantaris muscle, but not changes in adiponectin protein were observed in the soleus muscle. No significant differences in Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) gene expression were observed following intense or moderate exercise in either muscle group studied. Conclusions: Our study shows that decreasing levels of circulating adiponectin is a result of physical exercise and should not be generalized as a predictive marker of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
- Sport Faculty, Campus Ensenada, Baja California Autonomic University, Baja California 22890, Mexico.
| | - Adolfo Virgen-Ortiz
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - Mónica Lemus
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | - Elena Castro-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| | | | - Jesús Muñiz
- Institute of Cancerology, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28060, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Montero
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
- Medicine Faculty, Colima University, Colima 28040 Mexico.
| | - Elena Roces
- Department of Neuroencocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima 28045, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Belviranlı M, Okudan N. Exercise training increases cardiac, hepatic and circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin in young and aged rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 36:hmbci-2018-0053. [PMID: 30367793 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of study was to examine the impacts of exercise training on cardiac, hepatic and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and irisin levels in young and aged rats. Materials and methods Four-month-old (young) and 20-month-old (aged) female rats performed exercise training consisting of voluntary wheel running for 12 weeks. BDNF and irisin levels were analyzed in the heart, liver and plasma samples by using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results Cardiac, hepatic and plasma BDNF levels were lower in the aged sedentary rats, than in the young exercised and aged exercised rats (p < 0.05). Heart, liver and plasma irisin concentrations were lower in the aged sedentary group than in the young sedentary, young exercised and aged exercised groups (p < 0.05) and regular exercise increased irisin levels in all the analyzed tissues when compared to the sedentary counterparts (p < 0.05). Conclusions The current results show that regular exercise improves aging-induced decrease in the cardiac, hepatic and plasma BNDF and irisin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muaz Belviranlı
- Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya 42030, Turkey, Phone: 90 332 224 47 31, Fax: 90 332 224 48 08
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee HW, Ahmad M, Wang HW, Leenen FHH. Effects of exercise training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in skeletal muscle and heart of rats post myocardial infarction. Exp Physiol 2018; 102:314-328. [PMID: 28070911 DOI: 10.1113/ep086049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Exercise training increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, which depends on a myokine, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Whether exercise training after myocardial infarction induces parallel increases in FNDC5 and BDNF expression in skeletal muscle and the heart has not yet been studied. What is the main finding and its importance? Exercise training after myocardial infarction increases BDNF protein in skeletal muscle and the non-infarct area of the LV without changes in FNDC5 protein, suggesting that BDNF is not regulated by FNDC5 in skeletal muscle and heart. An increase in cardiac BDNF may contribute to the improvement of cardiac function by exercise training. Exercise training after myocardial infarction (MI) attenuates progressive left ventricular (LV) remodelling and dysfunction, but the peripheral stimuli induced by exercise that trigger these beneficial effects are still unclear. We investigated as possible mediators fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the skeletal muscle and heart. Male Wistar rats underwent either sham surgery or ligation of the left descending coronary artery, and surviving MI rats were allocated to either a sedentary (Sed-MI) or an exercise group (ExT-MI). Exercise training was done for 4 weeks on a motor-driven treadmill. At the end, LV function was evaluated, and FNDC5 and BDNF mRNA and protein were assessed in soleus muscle, quadriceps and non-, peri- and infarct areas of the LV. At 5 weeks post MI, FNDC5 mRNA was decreased in soleus muscle and all areas of the LV, but FNDC5 protein was increased in the soleus muscle and the infarct area. Mature BDNF (mBDNF) protein was decreased in the infarct area without a change in mRNA. Exercise training attenuated the decrease in ejection fraction and the increase in LV end-diastolic pressure post MI. Exercise training had no effect on FNDC5 mRNA and protein, but increased mBDNF protein in soleus muscle, quadriceps and the non-infarct area of the LV. The mBDNF protein in the non-infarct area correlated positively with ejection fraction and inversely with LV end-diastolic pressure. In conclusion, mBDNF is induced by exercise training in skeletal muscle and the non-infarct area of the LV, which may contribute to improvement of muscle dysfunction and cardiac function post MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heow Won Lee
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Monir Ahmad
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frans H H Leenen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ives SJ, Norton C, Miller V, Minicucci O, Robinson J, O'Brien G, Escudero D, Paul M, Sheridan C, Curran K, Rose K, Robinson N, He F, Arciero PJ. Multi-modal exercise training and protein-pacing enhances physical performance adaptations independent of growth hormone and BDNF but may be dependent on IGF-1 in exercise-trained men. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 32:60-70. [PMID: 27789212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein-pacing (P; 5-6meals/day @ 2.0g/kgBW/day) and multi-mode exercise (RISE; resistance, interval, stretching, endurance) training (PRISE) improves muscular endurance, strength, power and arterial health in exercise-trained women. The current study extends these findings by examining PRISE on fitness, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) response, cardiometabolic health, and body composition in exercise-trained men. DESIGN Twenty active males (>4daysexercise/week) completed either: PRISE (n=11) or RISE (5-6meals/day @ 1.0g/kgBW/day; n=9) for 12weeks. Muscular strength (1-repetition maximum bench and leg press, 1-RM BP, and 1-RM LP), endurance (sit-ups, SU; push-ups, PU), power (squat jump, SJ, and bench throw, BT), flexibility (sit-and-reach, SR), aerobic performance (5km cycling time-trial, TT), GH, IGF-1, BDNF, augmentation index, (AIx), and body composition, were assessed at weeks 0 (pre) and 13 (post). RESULTS At baseline, no differences existed between groups except for GH (RISE, 230±13 vs. PRISE, 382±59pg/ml, p<0.05). The exercise intervention improved 1-RM, SJ, BT, PU, SU, SR, 5km-TT, GH, AIx, BP, and body composition in both groups (time, p<0.05). However, PRISE elicited greater improvements in 1-RM BP (21 vs. 10∆lbs), SJ (171 vs. 13∆W), 5km-TT (-37 vs. -11∆s), and sit-and-reach (5.3 vs. 1.2∆cm) over RISE alone (p<0.05) including increased IGF-1 (12%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exercise-trained men consuming a P diet combined with multi-component exercise training (PRISE) enhance muscular power, strength, aerobic performance, and flexibility which are not likely related to GH or BDNF but possibly to IGF-1 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ives
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Chelsea Norton
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Vincent Miller
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Olivia Minicucci
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Jake Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Gabe O'Brien
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Daniela Escudero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Maia Paul
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Caitlin Sheridan
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Kathryn Curran
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Kayla Rose
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Nathaniel Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Feng He
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States
| | - Paul J Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patel DI, White LJ, Lira VA, Criswell DS. Forced exercise increases muscle mass in EAE despite early onset of disability. Physiol Res 2016; 65:1013-1017. [PMID: 27539105 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether 10 days of treadmill exercise can increase skeletal muscle mass and intramuscular concentrations of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Forty female Lewis rats were randomly assigned to either EAE sedentary (EAE-Sed), EAE exercise (EAE-Ex), Control sedentary (Con-Sed) and Control exercise (Con-Ex). Exercising animals completed a 10 day forced exercising training program. Hind limb skeletal muscles were excised and weighed with soleus muscle used for BDNF and NGF quantification. Statistical analysis was done using a one-way analysis of variance. Disability was more pronounced in the EAE-Ex group than in the EAE-Sed group. Exercising animals (EAE-Ex and Con-Ex) had significantly greater bilateral EDL, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle mass compared to their sedentary animals (p=0.01). The EAE-Ex group had significantly higher NGF concentrations (1.98+/-0.3 pg/mg) compared to Con-Ex (0.96+/-0.07 pg/mg, p=0.003) and Con-Sed (1.2+/-0.2 pg/mg, p=0.04) groups. The main effect of exercise represented a significantly lower BDNF concentrations in the soleus of exercising animals compared to sedentary animals (p=0.03). Our study provides preliminary evidence that exercise increases skeletal muscle mass despite the early onset of disability in EAE animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Patel
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng F, Zhang M, Ding Q, Sethna F, Yan L, Moon C, Yang M, Wang H. Voluntary running depreciates the requirement of Ca2+-stimulated cAMP signaling in synaptic potentiation and memory formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:442-9. [PMID: 27421897 PMCID: PMC4947239 DOI: 10.1101/lm.040642.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mental health and cognitive functions are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although having active lifestyle with physical exercise improves learning and memory, how it interacts with the specific key molecular regulators of synaptic plasticity is largely unknown. Here, we examined the effects of voluntary running on long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation in mice lacking type 1 adenylyl cyclase (AC1), a neurospecific synaptic enzyme that contributes to Ca(2+)-stimulated cAMP production. Following 1 mo of voluntary running-wheel exercise, the impaired LTP and object recognition memory in AC1 knockout (KO) mice were significantly attenuated. Running up-regulated exon II mRNA level of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), though it failed to increase exon I and IV mRNAs in the hippocampus of AC1 KO mice. Intrahippocampal infusion of recombinant BDNF was sufficient to rescue LTP and object recognition memory defects in AC1 KO mice. Therefore, voluntary running and exogenous BDNF application overcome the defective Ca(2+)-stimulated cAMP signaling. Our results also demonstrate that alteration in Ca(2+)-stimulated cAMP can affect the molecular outcome of physical exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ferzin Sethna
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Lily Yan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|