Association of social support, spirituality with psychological factors in Iranian breast cancer survivors: An evidence from a cross-sectional study

Muslim and Christian Women's Perceptions of the Influence of Spirituality and Religious Beliefs on Motherhood and Child-Rearing: A Phenomenological Study

(1) Background: Spirituality is a factor that plays a role in decisions related to health and illness. When a woman becomes a mother, she undergoes physical, psychological, and social changes for which healthcare professionals must provide the necessary care. However, women may feel misunderstood and stigmatized when they carry out their religious practices and express their spirituality related to motherhood. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of women with Muslim and Christian religious ideologies on the influence of spirituality and religious beliefs in motherhood and child-rearing. (2) Methods: A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study with two groups of women of Islamic and Christian ideology, respectively. Three focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with ATLAS.ti 7.0. An inductive analysis was carried out according to the Moustakas model. (3) Results: Three themes were identified: religious and cultural aspects that determine child-rearing, the influence of spirituality and family on the mother's role, and the support received from healthcare personnel. (4) Conclusions: Spirituality and religious beliefs are manifested during motherhood and child-rearing in the form of infant feeding, the need for their protection, or the need for support from mothers. Healthcare personnel must be able to offer culturally competent and spiritually respectful care. Patients should not be judged based on their spirituality.

Improving the health-related quality of life of adult Nigerians living with cancer and their family caregivers: intervention development

Background

Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the health-related quality of life of people living with cancer and/or family members is compelling. However, most interventional research has been conducted in high-income countries, and no intervention had been tested in low-income countries such as Nigeria. It is critical to design a culturally theory-based intervention in a resource-poor setting to address the needs and support coping strategies of cancer patients and their family caregivers.

Methods

Theory, evidence, and practical issues were considered. The Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and Behaviour Change Wheel provided the framework for intervention design. Findings generated by a needs assessment of adult Nigerians with cancer and their family caregivers and relevant theories (the Spirituality and the Supportive Care Framework for Cancer) informed content development.

Results

A theory-based, culturally tailored socio-spiritual intervention was developed to address the specific needs of adult Nigerians with cancer and their family caregivers. A 4-week intervention included strategies designed to improve social and spiritual support, information and health literacy, and health-related quality of life.

Conclusions

A systemic approach was used to conceptualise an evidence-based and theory-informed intervention tailored to address previously identified shortfalls in support available to adults living with cancer and their family caregivers, in Nigeria. If implemented and effective, such an intervention has the potential to improve the health-related quality of life of people living with cancer and their families in Nigeria.

Effect of Psychological Intervention-Assisted Comfort Nursing Based on PERMA Model on Stress and Psychological Changes of Patients after Breast Cancer Surgery

Objective

To investigate the emotional response, stress and psychological changes of patients with breast cancer after surgery for psychological intervention-assisted comfort nursing based on the PERMA model.

Methods

A total of 100 postoperative breast cancer patients admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to June 2021 were selected as prospective research objects. According to a random number table, they were divided into a control group and an observation group with 50 cases each. Among them, the control group implemented routine nursing care, and the observation group implemented psychological intervention-assisted comfort care based on the PERMA model on the basis of the control group. The differences in compliance behavior, self-care ability, emotional response, stress response changes, and pain scores of the two groups of breast cancer patients before and after nursing were compared.

Results

After nursing, the mental behavior scores, exercise scores, medication scores, and balanced diet scores of the two groups of breast cancer patients after surgery were significantly improved. The observation group's compliance behavior scores were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the two groups of breast cancer patients, postoperative anxiety, depression, fatigue, and anger of the patients were significantly improved, and the emotional response score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The self-care skill score, self-responsibility score, health knowledge score, and self-concept score of the observation group were excellent compared with those of the control group; the difference was significant by the above statistics (P < 0.05). The HR and MAP of the control group during the operation were higher than those 1 day before the start of the operation and decreased at the end of the operation, but still higher than the level 1 day before the start of the operation; the change trend of the observation group was the same as that of the control group, but there were differences between the time points. There was no significant significance (P > 0.05). The HR and MAP of the observation group during the operation were lower than those of the control group, and the MAP at the end of the operation was lower than that of the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the control group, the values increased at the time point during the operation and decreased at the end of the operation, but still higher than the level 1 day before the operation. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The change trend of the observation group was the same as that of the control group; and the values during and at the end of the operation were all lower than those of the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The pain scores of the two groups of patients at different time points were significantly improved, and the observation group was significantly less than the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Psychological intervention-assisted comfort nursing can effectively enhance the compliance behavior of patients after breast cancer surgery, improve the emotional response, stress response, and pain of patients, and have certain reference value for the nursing of patients after breast cancer surgery.