Association between rs2275913 single-nucleotide polymorphism of the interleukin-17A gene and perioperative analgesic use in cosmetic orthognathic surgery

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Estimated Minimum Effective Concentration of Fentanyl in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic-Assisted Colectomy

Sensitivity to opioids varies widely among individuals. To identify potential candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may significantly contribute to individual differences in the minimum effective concentration (MEC) of an opioid, fentanyl, we conducted a three-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) using whole-genome genotyping arrays in 350 patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. To estimate the MEC of fentanyl, plasma and effect-site concentrations of fentanyl over the 24 h postoperative period were estimated with a pharmacokinetic simulation model based on initial bolus doses and subsequent patient-controlled analgesia doses of fentanyl. Plasma and effect-site MECs of fentanyl were indicated by fentanyl concentrations, estimated immediately before each patient-controlled analgesia dose. The GWAS revealed that an intergenic SNP, rs966775, that mapped to 5p13 had significant associations with the plasma MEC averaged over the 6 h postoperative period and the effect-site MEC averaged over the 12 h postoperative period. The minor G allele of rs966775 was associated with increases in these MECs of fentanyl. The nearest protein-coding gene around this SNP was DRD1, encoding the dopamine D₁ receptor. In the gene-based analysis, the association was significant for the SERP2 gene in the dominant model. Our findings provide valuable information for personalized pain treatment after laparoscopic-assisted colectomy.

Association of IL-17A promoter region SNP-rs2275913 with urinary bladder cancer

Objective

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the fourth most common cancer among men and tenth most common cancer in women. This study investigated an association of interleukins -17A promoter region single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-rs2275913 with UBC in Pakistani population.

Methods

Population-based study was designed with 127 UBC patients and 100 healthy individuals. Only UBC Patients were included and other diseases hepatitis or any other malignancy/cancer were excluded from the study. Polymerase chain reaction Restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to genotype the rs2275913 SNP in patients and control. Linear regression analysis was performed on the genotype data and allelic frequency data. Online statistical tool was used to calculate ratio of odds.

Results

Linear regression analysis showed that there was no association between rs2275913 SNP and UBC patients in the dominant model (OR = 0.815, CI = 0.415-1.6), recessive model (OR = 0.389, CI = 0.014-5.565), codominant model (OR = 0.376, CI=0.013-5.420) and (OR = 0.855, CI = 0.427-1.713). Moreover, among the UBC samples, low-grade non-muscle invasive UBC samples dominant model (OR = 0.722, CI = 0.316-1.637), recessive model (OR = 0.000, CI = 0.000-5.864), codominant model (OR = 0.864, CI = 0.030-12.668), and (OR = 0.788, CI = 0.341-1.806) did also not show any association. When same analysis was performed for high-grade muscle invasive UBC, dominant (OR = 0.936, CI = 0.403-2.155), recessive model (OR = 0.875, CI = 0.031-12.696), and codominant model (OR = 0.864, CI = 0.030-12.668,), and (OR = 0.942, CI = 0.394-2.232) did not show any association.

Conclusion

Results revealed that rs2275913 did not show any associated with the high risk of UBC in Pakistani population. Some limitations of the studies are firstly, the samples size and other are detailed information on UBC and role of inflammation.

Interleukin-17 as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain

Chronic pain remains to be a clinical challenge and is recognized as a major health problem with varying impacts on quality of life. Currently, the first-line therapy for chronic pain is opioids, which are often accompanied by unwanted psychoactive side effects. Thus, new and effective treatments for chronic pain are urgently needed and eagerly pursued. Inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-17 (IL-17), are reportedly potential therapeutic targets owing to their pivotal role in chronic pain from the neuroinflammation perspective. Recently, substantial evidence confirmed that IL-17 and IL-17 receptors (IL-17Rs) were increased in neuropathic, inflammatory, and cancer pain models. Notably, IL-17/IL-17R antibodies also reportedly relieve or cure inflammatory- and pain-related diseases. However, existing studies have reported controversial results regarding IL-17/IL-17Rs as potential therapeutic targets in diverse animal models of chronic pain. In this review, we present a summary of published studies and discuss the evidence, from basic to clinical to research, regarding the role and mechanism of action between IL-17 and diverse kinds of chronic pain in animal models and clinical patients. Furthermore, we evaluated IL-17-based therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory- and pain-related disease. Importantly, we also discussed clinical trials of IL-17/IL-17R targeting monoclonal antibodies. Overall, we found that IL-17 is a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain from the perspective of neuroinflammation.

A Novel Progress: Glial Cells and Inflammatory Pain

Inflammatory pain is the perception of noxious stimuli that occurs during inflammation or an immune response. Glial cells are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems, supporting and guiding the migration of neurons, participating in the immune response, forming the myelin sheath and blood-brain barrier, and maintaining the concentration of potassium ions outside nerve cells. Recent studies have shown that glial cells have a significant connection with the production and development of inflammatory pain. This article reviews the relationship, mechanisms, therapeutic targets between five types of glial cells and inflammatory pain, and the medicine composition that can effectively inhibit inflammatory pain. It expands the study on the mechanism of glial cells regulating pain and provides new ideas for the therapy of inflammatory pain.

Effects of rs958804 and rs7858836 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ASTN2 gene on pain-related phenotypes in patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy and mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy

Background

Opioids are widely used as effective analgesics, but opioid sensitivity varies widely among individuals. The underlying genetic and nongenetic factors are not fully understood. Based on the results of our previous genome‐wide association study, we investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) gene on pain‐related phenotypes in surgical patients.

Methods

We investigated the effects of two SNPs, rs958804 T/C and rs7858836 C/T, of the ASTN2 gene on eight and seven pain‐related phenotypes in 350 patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy (LAC) and 358 patients who underwent mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), respectively. In both surgical groups, intravenous fentanyl patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) was used for postoperative analgesia, and 24‐hour postoperative PCA fentanyl use was the primary endpoint.

Results

The association analyses among the two SNPs and pain‐related traits showed that 24‐hour fentanyl use was significantly associated with the two SNP genotypes in both surgical groups. The Mann‐Whitney test showed that 24‐hour fentanyl use was lower in patients with the C allele than in patients with the TT genotype of the rs958804 T/C SNP (P = .0019 and .0200 in LAC and SSRO patients, respectively), and it was lower in patients with the T allele than in patients with the CC genotype of the rs7858836 C/T SNP (P = .0017 and .0098 in LAC and SSRO patients, respectively).

Conclusion

The two SNPs of the ASTN2 gene were consistently associated with fentanyl requirements after two different types of surgery. These findings may contribute to personalized pain control.

We investigated the effects of two SNPs, rs958804 T/C and rs7858836 C/T, which are located in the same LD block of the ASTN2 gene, on pain‐related phenotypes in two groups of patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy and mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy. We found that these SNPs consistently reduced fentanyl requirements for postoperative analgesia, possibly by enhancing the analgesic effect of fentanyl.

Association of polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokines encoding genes with severe cases of influenza A/H1N1 and B in an Iranian population

Background

The increased levels of blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A, influenza B and people with influenza-like illness (ILI). Functional genetic polymorphisms caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in inflammatory cytokines genes can influence their functions either qualitatively or quantitatively, which is associated with the possibility of severe influenza infections. The aim of the present case-control study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokines genes with influenza patients and ILI group in an Iranian population.

Methods

Total number of 30 influenza B, 50 influenza A (H1N1) and 96 ILI inpatient individuals were confirmed by Real-time RT-PCR and HI assays. The genotype determination was assessed for defined SNPs in IL-1β, IL-17, IL-10 and IL-28 genes.

Results

The frequencies of the IL-1β rs16944 (P = 0.007) and IL-17 rs2275913 (P = 0.006) genotypes were associated with severe influenza disease, while the frequencies of IL-10 rs1800872 and IL-28 rs8099917 were not associated with the disease (P > 0.05). Also, the absence of A allele in IL-17 rs2275913 SNP increased the risk of influenza A (H1N1) infection (P = 0.008).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that influenza A- (H1N1) and B-infected patients and also ILI controls have different profiles of immune parameters, and individuals carrying the specific cytokine-derived polymorphisms may show different immune responses towards severe outcome.

Association between rs2275913 single-nucleotide polymorphism of the interleukin-17A gene and perioperative analgesic use in cosmetic orthognathic surgery

AIM

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays an essential role in tissue inflammation by inducing proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and is related to innate immune reactions. IL-17A also contributes to neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, and mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury in rodents. To clarify the contribution of IL-17A to pain-related phenotypes in humans, we investigated the association between pain-related phenotypes and the rs2275913 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the IL-17A gene, which has been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and some cancers.

METHODS

The present study used a correlational design to examine the impact of the rs2275913 SNP on postoperative pain-related phenotypes in a group of patients who underwent cosmetic orthognathic surgery.

RESULTS

Carriers of the AA genotype had higher opioid requirements during and after surgery than carriers of the AG and GG genotypes (P = .009). Linear regression analysis indicated that opioid requirements linearly increased as the copy number of the A allele of the SNP increased (P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS

Opioid requirements during and after surgery are enhanced in carriers of the AA genotype of the rs2275913 SNP of the IL-17A gene, possibly through an enhancement of IL-17A function that induces inflammation that is related to the inflammatory pain stimulus.