Hybrid and Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction Influences the Volumetry of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue on Ultra-Low-Dose CT

The role of adipogenic capacity and dysfunctional subcutaneous adipose tissue in the inheritance of type 2 diabetes mellitus: cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

This study tested the hypothesis that limited subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expansion represents a primary predisposition to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), independent of obesity, and identified novel markers of SAT dysfunction in the inheritance of T2DM.

METHODS

First-degree relatives (FDR) of T2DM patients (n = 19) and control individuals (n = 19) without obesity (fat mass < 25%) were cross-sectionally compared. Body composition (bioimpedance, computed tomography) and insulin sensitivity (IS; oral glucose tolerance test, clamp) were measured. SAT obtained by needle biopsy was used to analyze adipocyte size, lipidome, mRNA expression, and inflammatory markers. Primary cultures of adipose precursors were analyzed for adipogenic capacity and metabolism.

RESULTS

Compared with control individuals, FDR individuals had lower IS and a higher amount of visceral fat. However, SAT-derived adipose precursors did not differ in their ability to proliferate and differentiate or in metabolic parameters (lipolysis, mitochondrial oxidation). In SAT of FDR individuals, lipidomic and mRNA expression analysis revealed accumulation of triglycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased mRNA expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX). These parameters correlated with IS, visceral fat accumulation, and mRNA expression of inflammatory and cellular stress genes.

CONCLUSIONS

The intrinsic adipogenic potential of SAT is not affected by a family history of T2DM. However, alterations in LOX mRNA and polyunsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols are likely related to the risk of developing T2DM independent of obesity.

Multiorientation Simultaneous Computation of Back-Projection CT Image Reconstruction Algorithm in Staging Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer

The objective of this research was to investigate the multidirectional synchronous calculation of the back-projection computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction algorithm (MSBP) in the staging diagnosis of bladder cancer. Sixty patients with bladder cancer admitted to the hospital were selected for enhanced CT scanning, all of which were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and study group (n = 30). The filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm was employed to reconstruct the scanned image, and the MSBP was additionally applied to the images of the study group. Fringe artifact (SA), overall mass (OQ), effective radiation dose (ED), CT dose-exponential volume (CTDI), and dose-length product (DLP) of the two groups of images were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the total time of the traditional algorithm was 5.473 s, and the total time of MSBP combined with FBP algorithm was 2.832 s, which was significantly higher than that of the traditional algorithm (P < 0.05). CT scan bladder cancer staging results of all patients were compared with surgical pathological staging results, and the results were evaluated according to the coincidence rate. SA in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and OQ was not statistically significant. The ED of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group by 33%. The coincidence rate of postoperative pathological staging results and CT staging results was 96%, and T1, T2a, and T4 coincidence rate was 100%, The coincidence rates of T2b, T3a, and T3b were 90%, 83.3%, and 66.67%, respectively. In summary, using MSBP method combined with FBP algorithm can improve OQ while reducing ED of patients. The introduction of MSBP into CT reconstruction image simplified the pixel location operation of projection calculation, showing an important application value in preoperative staging diagnosis of bladder cancer.