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Zhang L, Liu J, Dai J, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu X, Yi X. Preparation and Application of a Multifunctional Interfacial Modifier for Ramie Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3800. [PMID: 37765655 PMCID: PMC10537050 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-functional modifier, which could improve the mechanical and thermal performance simultaneously, is significant in composites production. Herein, inspired by the chemistry of mussel, an interfacial modifier named FPD was designed and synthesized through one simple step, which was attached by three functional groups (including catechol, N-H bond, and DOPO). Due to the innate properties of each functional group, FPD played multiple roles: adhere to the ramie fibers from catechol and cure with the epoxy resin from -NH-, an antiflaming property from DOPO, and the compatibilizer between ramie fibers and epoxy resin was also improved by changing the polarity of ramie fiber. All of the above functions can be proved by means of water contact angle (WCA), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. After solidification, the ramie fiber/epoxy composites demonstrated superior performances in terms of good mechanical properties and excellent flame retardant property. With the addition of 30 wt.% FPD, the tensile strength and modulus of the ramie/epoxy composite showed an improvement of 37.1% and 60.9%, and flexural strength and modulus of the composite were improved by 8.9% and 19.3% comparing with no addition composite. Moreover, the composite could achieve the goal for V-0 rating in the UL-94 test and LOI value was 34.6% when the addition of FPD reached 30 wt.%. This work provided us with an efficient method for fabricating nature fiber/epoxy composites with good properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyue Zhang
- New Material Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jingkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jinyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- College of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- New Material Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (L.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaosu Yi
- New Material Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; (L.Z.); (X.L.)
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Sukumar T, Kadirvelu K. Core‐Shell Nanofibers With Fire Retardant Properties Prepared By A Co‐Axial Electrospinning Technique. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thenmozhi Sukumar
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Science Bharathiar University Campus Coimbatore 641 046 India
- Nehru Memorial College Puthanampatti, Trichy India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Science Bharathiar University Campus Coimbatore 641 046 India
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Obermeier F, Karlinger P, Schemme M, Altstädt V. Thermoplastic Hybrid Composites with Wood Fibers: Bond Strength of Back-Injected Structures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072473. [PMID: 35407806 PMCID: PMC8999410 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their lightweight potential and good eco-balance, thermoplastic hybrid composites with natural fiber reinforcement have long been used in the automotive industry. A good alternative to natural fibers is wood fibers, which have similar properties but are also a single-material solution using domestic raw materials. However, there has been hardly any research into wood fibers in thermoplastic back-injected hybrid composites. This article compares the bond strength of an injection molded rib from polypropylene (PP) and wood fibers to different non-wovens. The non-wovens consisted of wood fibers (spruce) or alternatively natural fibers (kenaf, hemp), both with a polypropylene matrix. Pull-off and instrumented puncture impact tests show that, given similar parameters, the natural and wood-fiber-hybrid composites exhibit very similar trends in bond strength. Further tests using viscosity measurements, microscopy, and computed tomography confirm the results. Wood-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic hybrid composites can thus compete with the natural fiber composites in terms of their mechanical behavior and therefore present a good alternative in technical semi-structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Obermeier
- Department of Plastics Technology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Rosenheim, Hochschulstraße 1, 83024 Rosenheim, Germany; (P.K.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-8031-805-2266
| | - Peter Karlinger
- Department of Plastics Technology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Rosenheim, Hochschulstraße 1, 83024 Rosenheim, Germany; (P.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Schemme
- Department of Plastics Technology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Rosenheim, Hochschulstraße 1, 83024 Rosenheim, Germany; (P.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
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Madyaratri EW, Ridho MR, Aristri MA, Lubis MAR, Iswanto AH, Nawawi DS, Antov P, Kristak L, Majlingová A, Fatriasari W. Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030362. [PMID: 35160351 PMCID: PMC8840495 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers represent an eco-friendly and inexpensive alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials and have been increasingly utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications due to their numerous advantages, such as their good mechanical properties, low production costs, renewability, and biodegradability. However, these engineered composite materials have inherent downsides, such as their increased flammability when subjected to heat flux or flame initiators, which can limit their range of applications. As a result, certain attempts are still being made to reduce the flammability of biocomposites. The combustion of biobased composites can potentially create life-threatening conditions in buildings, resulting in substantial human and material losses. Additives known as flame-retardants (FRs) have been commonly used to improve the fire protection of wood and biocomposite materials, textiles, and other fields for the purpose of widening their application areas. At present, this practice is very common in the construction sector due to stringent fire safety regulations on residential and public buildings. The aim of this study was to present and discuss recent advances in the development of fire-resistant biocomposites. The flammability of wood and natural fibers as material resources to produce biocomposites was researched to build a holistic picture. Furthermore, the potential of lignin as an eco-friendly and low-cost FR additive to produce high-performance biocomposites with improved technological and fire properties was also discussed in detail. The development of sustainable FR systems, based on renewable raw materials, represents a viable and promising approach to manufacturing biocomposites with improved fire resistance, lower environmental footprint, and enhanced health and safety performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvara Windra Madyaratri
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Rasyidur Ridho
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
- Research Center for Biomaterials BRIN, Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Manggar Arum Aristri
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
- Research Center for Biomaterials BRIN, Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | | | - Apri Heri Iswanto
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center, Jl. Tridharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (A.H.I.); (D.S.N.); or (W.F.)
| | - Deded Sarip Nawawi
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.I.); (D.S.N.); or (W.F.)
| | - Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lubos Kristak
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Majlingová
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomaterials BRIN, Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (A.H.I.); (D.S.N.); or (W.F.)
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An intumescent flame-retardant layer with β-cyclodextrin as charring agent and its flame retardancy in jute/polypropylene composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Seraji SM, Gan H, Swan SR, Varley RJ. Phosphazene as an effective flame retardant for rapid curing epoxy resins. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yu R, Zhang Y, Deng K, Huang W. A facile approach to prepare cage‐ladder‐structure phosphorus‐containing amino‐functionalized
POSS
for enhancing flame retardancy of epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xin Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ran Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kuilin Deng
- Analytical Science and Technology Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Rogovina SZ, Prut EV, Berlin AA. Composite Materials Based on Synthetic Polymers Reinforced with Natural Fibers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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A review on thermomechanical properties of polymers and fibers reinforced polymer composites. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sypaseuth FD, Gallo E, Çiftci S, Schartel B. Polylactic acid biocomposites: approaches to a completely green flame retarded polymer. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBasic paths towards fully green flame retarded kenaf fiber reinforced polylactic acid (K-PLA) biocomposites are compared. Multicomponent flame retardant systems are investigated using an amount of 20 wt% such as Mg(OH)2 (MH), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG), and combinations with silicon dioxide or layered silicate (LS) nanofillers. Adding kenaf fibers and flame retardants increases the E modulus up to a factor 2, although no compatibilizer was used at all. Thus, in particular adding EG and MH decreases the strength at maximum elongation, and kenaf fibers, MH, and EG are crucial for reducing the elongation to break. The oxygen index is improved by up to 33 vol% compared to 17 vol% for K-PLA. The HB classification of K-PLA in the UL 94 test is outperformed. All flame retarded biocomposites show somewhat lower thermal stability and increased amounts of residue. MH decreases the fire load significantly, and the greatest reduction in peak heat release rate is obtained for K-PLA/15MH/5LS. Synergistic effects are observed between EG and APP (ratio 2:1) in flammability and fire properties. Synergistic multicomponent systems containing EG and APP, or MH with adjuvants offer a promising route to green flame retarded natural fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni D. Sypaseuth
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuela Gallo
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Serhat Çiftci
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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