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Yoo JY, Kim TH, Shin JH, Marquardt RM, Müller U, Fazleabas AT, Young SL, Lessey BA, Yoon HG, Jeong JW. Loss of MIG-6 results in endometrial progesterone resistance via ERBB2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1101. [PMID: 35232969 PMCID: PMC8888616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Female subfertility is highly associated with endometriosis. Endometrial progesterone resistance is suggested as a crucial element in the development of endometrial diseases. We report that MIG-6 is downregulated in the endometrium of infertile women with endometriosis and in a non-human primate model of endometriosis. We find ERBB2 overexpression in the endometrium of uterine-specific Mig-6 knockout mice (Pgrcre/+Mig-6f/f; Mig-6d/d). To investigate the effect of ERBB2 targeting on endometrial progesterone resistance, fertility, and endometriosis, we introduce Erbb2 ablation in Mig-6d/d mice (Mig-6d/dErbb2d/d mice). The additional knockout of Erbb2 rescues all phenotypes seen in Mig-6d/d mice. Transcriptomic analysis shows that genes differentially expressed in Mig-6d/d mice revert to their normal expression in Mig-6d/dErbb2d/d mice. Together, our results demonstrate that ERBB2 overexpression in endometrium with MIG-6 deficiency causes endometrial progesterone resistance and a nonreceptive endometrium in endometriosis-related infertility, and ERBB2 targeting reverses these effects. Female subfertility is highly associated with endometriosis. Here the authors show that progesterone-induced MIG-6 is reduced in endometrium of infertile women and non-human primates with endometriosis, and in a mouse model find that Erbb2 is the key mediator of Mig-6 loss induced endometriosis-related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryan M Marquardt
- Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Medical Research Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Kim TH, Young SL, Sasaki T, Deaton JL, Schammel DP, Palomino WA, Jeong JW, Lessey BA. Role of SIRT1 and Progesterone Resistance in Normal and Abnormal Endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:788-800. [PMID: 34665857 PMCID: PMC8851922 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Progesterone resistance, a known pathologic condition associated with a reduced cellular response to progesterone and heightened estrogen responses, appears to have a normal physiologic role in mammalian reproduction. The molecular mechanism responsible for progesterone resistance in normal and abnormal endometrium remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the roles of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in normal endometrium as well as endometrium associated with infertility and endometriosis, as an epigenetic modulator associated with progesterone resistance. METHODS SIRT1 expression was examined by Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry in mouse uterus and human endometrium. Mice with uterine specific Sirt1 overexpression were developed to examine SIRT1's role in endometrial function and endometriosis development. EX-527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, and SRT1720, a SIRT1 agonist, were also used to evaluate SIRT1 effect on endometriosis. RESULTS In normal healthy women, endometrial SIRT1 is expressed only during menses. SIRT1 was dramatically overexpressed in the endometrium from women with endometriosis in both the epithelium and stroma. In mice, SIRT1 is expressed at the time of implantation between day 4.5 and 5.5 of pregnancy. Overexpression of SIRT1 in the mouse uterus leads to subfertility due to implantation failure, decidualization defects and progesterone resistance. SIRT1 overexpression in endometriotic lesions promotes worsening endometriosis development. EX-527 significantly reduced the number of endometriotic lesions in the mouse endometriosis model. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 expression and progesterone resistance appears to play roles in normal endometrial functions. Aberrant SIRT1 expression contributes to progesterone resistance and may participate in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. SIRT1 is a novel and targetable protein for the diagnosis as well as treatment of endometriosis and the associated infertility seen in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jeffrey L Deaton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Wilder Alberto Palomino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Research, Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Unit, University of Chile & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Correspondence: Jae-Wook Jeong, PhD, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Bruce A. Lessey, MD, PhD, 1 Medical Center Blvd, 4th Floor Watlington Hall, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Rozza-de-Menezes RE, Almeida LM, Andrade-Losso RM, de Souza Vieira G, Siqueira OHK, Brum CI, Riccardi VM, Cunha KS. A Clinicopathologic Study on the Role of Estrogen, Progesterone, and Their Classical and Nonclassical Receptors in Cutaneous Neurofibromas of Individuals With Neurofibromatosis 1. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 155:738-747. [PMID: 33289020 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) in cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) and their correlation with demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). The association of PROGINS polymorphism and PR expression in cNFs, as well as the serum steroidal hormones and the number of cNFs, was investigated. METHODS The sample comprised 80 large and 80 small cNFs from 80 individuals with NF1. PR, ER, GPER-1, and Ki-67 expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry in tissue micro- and macroarrays and quantified using a digital computer-assisted method. The number of cNFs, the levels of serum 17β estradiol and progesterone, and the PROGINS polymorphism were identified. RESULTS Twelve (8.5%) small cNFs were weakly positive for ER, 131 (92.3%) cNFs expressed PR, and all (100%) cNFs expressed GPER-1. Large cNFs showed a higher expression of PR (P < .0001) and GPER-1 (P = .019) and had a higher intensity of staining for these receptors (P < .0001). The cell proliferation index was positively correlated with PR (P = .001). Persons with more cNFs had higher serum levels of progesterone (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the role of estrogen and progesterone in cNF development and suggest that these hormones may act on cNF cells via a noncanonical pathway through GPER-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela E Rozza-de-Menezes
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Antonio Pedro University Hospital
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Lilian M Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Antonio Pedro University Hospital
| | - Raquel M Andrade-Losso
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Antonio Pedro University Hospital
| | - Gustavo de Souza Vieira
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Antonio Pedro University Hospital
| | - Orlando H K Siqueira
- Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina I Brum
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Karin S Cunha
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Antonio Pedro University Hospital
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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Knockdown of long non-coding HOTAIR enhances the sensitivity to progesterone in endometrial cancer by epigenetic regulation of progesterone receptor isoform B. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:277-287. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhu J, Mayr D, Kuhn C, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 in healthy and diseased human endometrium. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 149:153-160. [PMID: 29134301 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is well described to be associated with both endometrial functions and disorders. The primary aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms that affect the growth and function of endometrial epithelium and stroma by assessing the staining intensity of PGE2 receptors (EP) in healthy endometrium across the menstrual cycle and in pathological endometrium, such as ovarian endometriosis and endometrial cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the EPs staining intensity in human nonpregnant endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle by immunohistochemistry and further focused on EP1 (n = 42). The variation of EP1 was compared among healthy endometrium, ovarian endometriosis (n = 14), and endometrial cancer (n = 140) crosswise. EP1 presented cyclical changes with increased intensity in both epithelium and stroma during the proliferative phase. EP1 staining in the epithelium was increased in endometriotic tissue compared to healthy endometrium and tumor tissue, while in the stroma, the staining in the tumor was lower than that in both normal tissue and endometriosis. No significant differences in EP1 intensity were detected for histological, stage, grading, metastatic and recurrent subtypes in endometrial cancer. EP1 was also correlated with neither progression-free survival nor overall survival of patients with cancer. EP1 staining in progesterone receptor B (PRB)-positive tumor was stronger compared to PRB-negative tumor. EP1 may play a role in human endometrial physiology and pathology. Further studies on the effect of EP1 on human endometrium are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongfang Rd. 1630, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 142, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma Metastases Show Decreased ER-Alpha and PR-A Expression Compared to Matched Primary Tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134969. [PMID: 26252518 PMCID: PMC4529229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) that present with advanced primary disease and develop recurrences have a poor outcome. The phenotype of EEC metastases and recurrences is poorly studied. We evaluated the morphological features and ER-alpha/PRA/p53 immunohistochemical expression of a sample of 45 EEC metastases compared to matched primary tumors. Additionally, we studied methylation levels of ER-alpha/PRA gene promoters. The distribution of histological FIGO grade was significantly different in metastases, which disclosed higher grade than primary tumors (p = 0.005). Mitotic index was significantly lower in metastases compared to matched primary tumors (p<0.001). ER-alpha (p = 0.002) and PRA (p<0.001) median H-scores were significantly lower in metastases than in matched primary EECs, but there was no significant difference concerning p53 expression (p = 0.056). ER-alpha/PRA expression differences did not correlate with differences in metastases morphology. ER-alpha/PRA gene promoter levels were globally low (range: 0% to 11.9%). One case showed higher ER-alpha gene promoter methylation in metastasis compared to matched EEC primary tumor. Regarding PRA, there was a significant higher frequency of its promotor methylation in metastases compared to primary tumors (51.6% vs. 22.7%, p = 0.022). In conclusion, EEC metastatic disease displays phenotypic changes along with ER-alpha and PRA decreased expression compared to primary tumors. ER-alpha and PRA gene promoter methylation seems to play a limited role in the etiology of these alterations. PR expression assessment for hormonal treatment decision of patients with advanced tumors, may be more adequate in metastases than in EEC primary tumors.
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Chu Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen H, Dowdy SC, Xiong Y, Liu F, Zhang R, Li J, Jiang SW. Chromatin composition alterations and the critical role of MeCP2 for epigenetic silencing of progesterone receptor-B gene in endometrial cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3393-408. [PMID: 24531693 PMCID: PMC11113436 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the epigenetic mechanism underlying the PR-B gene silencing in endometrial cancer (EC) cells, we compared the chromatin composition between transcriptionally active and silenced PR-B genes in EC cell lines and cancer tissues. METHODS Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed to measure MBD occupancy and histone acetylation/methylation in transcriptionally active and silenced PR-B genes. PR-B-positive/-negative, as well as epigenetic inhibitor-treated/-untreated EC cells were used as study models. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis were applied to measure the mRNA and protein levels of PR-B, MBD, and histones. RESULTS A close association among PR-B methylation, MBD binding and PR-B gene silencing was observed. Treatment with epigenetic inhibitors led to dynamic changes in the PR-B chromatin composition and gene expression. Increased H3/H4 acetylation and H3-K4 methylation, and decreased H3-K9 methylation were found to be associated with re-activation of silenced PR-B genes. MeCP2 knockdown resulted in a decreased MeCP2 binding to PR-B genes and an increased PR-B expression. ChIP analysis of MeCP2 binding to PR-B genes in the PR-B-positive/-negative EC samples confirmed the significant role of MeCP2 in PR-B silencing. CONCLUSION PR-B gene expression is regulated by a concerted action of epigenetic factors including DNA methylation, MBD binding, and histone modifications. MeCP2 occupancy of PR-B genes plays a critical role in PR-B gene silencing. These findings enriched our knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of PR-B expression in EC, and suggested that the epigenetic re-activation of PR-B could be explored as a potential strategy to sensitize the PR-B-negative endometrial cancers to progestational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Chu
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000 China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Sean C. Dowdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Fengming Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Institute, Nanning, 530024 China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404 USA
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Curtis & Elizabeth Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, 4700 Waters Avenue, Savannah, GA 31404 USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404 USA
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Curtis & Elizabeth Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, 4700 Waters Avenue, Savannah, GA 31404 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Health University Medical Center, 4700 Waters Avenue, Savannah, GA 31404 USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404 USA
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Matias-Guiu X, Davidson B. Prognostic biomarkers in endometrial and ovarian carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:315-31. [PMID: 24504546 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the main prognostic and predictive biomarkers of endometrial (EC) and ovarian carcinoma (OC). In EC, prognosis still relies on conventional pathological features such as histological type and grade, as well as myometrial or lymphovascular space invasion. Estrogen receptor, p53, Ki-67, and ploidy analysis are the most promising biomarkers among a long list of molecules that have been proposed. Also, a number of putative predictive biomarkers have been proposed in molecular targeted therapy. In OC, prognosis is predominantly dependent on disease stage at diagnosis and the extent of residual disease at primary operation. Diagnostic markers which aid in establishing histological type in OC are available. However, not a single universally accepted predictive or prognostic marker exists to date. Targeted therapy has been growingly focused at in recent years, in view of the frequent development of chemoresistance at recurrent disease. The present review emphasizes the crucial role of correct pathological classification and stringent selection criteria of the material studied as basis for any evaluation of biological markers. It further emphasizes the promise of targeted therapy in EC and OC, while simultaneously highlighting the difficulties remaining before this can become standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain,
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Rowe EJ, Eisenstein TK, Meissler J, Rockwell LC. Gene x environment interactions impact endometrial function and the menstrual cycle: PROGINS, life history, anthropometry, and physical activity. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:681-94. [PMID: 23907837 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the impact of a high frequency, functionally significant allelic variant of the progesterone receptor gene (PROGINS) on endometrial function and menstrual cycle characteristics. Further we asked whether PROGINS moderates the impact of life history characteristics, anthropometric measures, and physical activity on endometrial function. METHODS Fifty-two women were genotyped for the PROGINS variant, provided life history information, and had anthropometric measurements made. Women monitored their menstrual bleeding for three cycles, performed mid-cycle urinary ovulation tests, and recorded physical activity. A subset of women provided daily saliva samples and had mid-luteal endometrial thickness measurements taken during the third menstrual cycle. Salivary progesterone was assayed using ELISAs. The direct impact of PROGINS on endometrial and menstrual cycle characteristics was determined via independent t-tests with Bonferroni correction. Interactions between PROGINS and covariates were assessed by moderated regression. RESULTS PROGINS did not directly impact any indicator of endometrial function. However, PROGINS caused an increase in menstrual cycle length with increasing mid-luteal progesterone levels; the opposite relationship was present in noncarriers (P < 0.05). Additionally, PROGINS interacted with four of six anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, height, and waist-hip ratio) to impact endometrial function, however, interactions between PROGINS and life history variables, or physical activity was limited. CONCLUSIONS The gene x environment interactions we report suggest that PROGINS alters endometrial sensitivity to maternal energetic condition. Thus, the possibility of genetically-based variation in sensitivity to energetic stress should be considered in future adaptive models of women's reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Rowe
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern, Statesboro, Georgia, 30460
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Association of +331G/A PgR polymorphism with susceptibility to female reproductive cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53308. [PMID: 23349706 PMCID: PMC3551904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PgR), a sex steroid hormone receptor that binds progesterone is critical for normal breast development. The PgR (+331G/A, rs10895068) promoter polymorphism is associated with cancer risk possibly by altering the expression of progesterone receptor B isoform. Previous studies have provided inconsistent results. To validate the association between the PgR +331G/A polymorphism and female reproductive cancer risk (breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer), we performed a meta-analysis of 19 studies (19,978 cases and 24,525 controls) by using the CMA Version 2 software. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations. The overall results indicated that the variant allele and genotypes were associated with a mild increase in overall female reproductive cancer risk (A vs. G: OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.001–1.129; AA+AG vs. GG: OR = 1.067, 95% CI = 1.002–1.136). The results suggest that the PgR +331G/A polymorphism might be associated with an increased female reproductive cancer risk.
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11
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Endometrial carcinoma: molecular alterations involved in tumor development and progression. Oncogene 2012; 32:403-13. [PMID: 22430211 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the western world, endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common cancer of the female genital tract. The annual incidence has been estimated at 10-20 per 100,000 women. Two clinicopathological variants are recognized: the estrogen related (type I, endometrioid) and the non-estrogen related (type II, non-endometrioid).The clinicopathological differences are paralleled by specific genetic alterations, with type I showing microsatellite instability and mutations in phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10, PIK3CA, K-RAS and CTNNB1 (β-catenin), and type II exhibiting TP53 mutations and chromosomal instability. Some non-endometrioid carcinomas probably arise from pre-existing endometrioid carcinomas as a result of tumor progression and, not surprisingly, some tumors exhibit combined or mixed features at the clinical, pathological and molecular levels. In EC, apoptosis resistance may have a role in tumor progression. Understanding pathogenesis at the molecular level is essential in identifying biomarkers for successful targeted therapies. In this review, the genetic changes of endometrial carcinogenesis are discussed in the light of the morphological features of the tumors and their precursors.
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Santacana M, Yeramian A, Velasco A, Bergada L, Gatius S, García V, Azueta A, Palacios J, Dolcet X, Oliva E, Matias-Guiu X. Immunohistochemical features of post-radiation vaginal recurrences of endometrioid carcinomas of the endometrium: role for proteins involved in resistance to apoptosis and hypoxia. Histopathology 2012; 60:460-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Rockwell LC, Rowe EJ, Arnson K, Jackson F, Froment A, Ndumbe P, Seck B, Jackson R, Lorenz JG. Worldwide distribution of allelic variation at the progesterone receptor locus and the incidence of female reproductive cancers. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 24:42-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Dassen H, Punyadeera C, Delvoux B, Schulkens I, Marchetti C, Kamps R, Klomp J, Dijcks F, de Goeij A, D'Hooghe T, Kyama C, Ederveen A, Dunselman G, Groothuis P, Romano A. Olfactomedin-4 regulation by estrogen in the human endometrium requires epidermal growth factor signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 177:2495-508. [PMID: 21048224 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Olfactomedin-4 (OLFM-4) is an extracellular matrix protein that is highly expressed in human endometrium. We have examined the regulation and function of OLFM-4 in normal endometrium and in cases of endometriosis and endometrial cancer. OLFM-4 expression levels are highest in proliferative-phase endometrium, and 17β-estradiol up-regulates OLFM-4 mRNA in endometrial explant cultures. Using the luciferase reporter under control of the OLFM-4 promoter, it was shown that both 17β-estradiol and OH-tamoxifen induce luciferase activity, and epidermal growth factor receptor-1 is required for this estrogenic response. In turn, EGF activates the OLFM-4 promoter, and estrogen receptor-α is needed for the complete EGF response. The cellular functions of OLFM-4 were examined by its expression in OLFM-4-negative HEK-293 cells, which resulted in decreased vimentin expression and cell adherence as well as increased apoptosis resistance. In cases of endometriosis and endometrial cancer, OLFM-4 expression correlated with the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor-1 and estrogen receptor-α (or estrogen signaling). An increase of OLFM-4 mRNA was observed in the endometrium of endometriosis patients. No change in OLFM-4 expression levels were observed in patients with endometrial cancer relative with controls. In conclusion, cross-talk between estrogen and EGF signaling regulates OLFM-4 expression. The role of OLFM-4 in endometrial tissue remodeling before the secretory phase and during the predisposition and early events in endometriosis can be postulated but requires additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Dassen
- GROW--School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University and Medical Centre, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Yao R, Chiu CG, Strugnell SS, Gill S, Wiseman SM. Gender differences in thyroid cancer: a critical review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2011; 6:215-243. [PMID: 30290447 DOI: 10.1586/eem.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that the incidence of thyroid cancer in women is significantly higher than that in men. The objective of this article is to review gender differences in thyroid cancer, as well as epidemiological, clinical and experimental research on the role of sex hormones, their receptors and other molecular factors in this well-established thyroid cancer gender discrepancy. Although more common in women, thyroid cancer typically presents at a more advanced stage and with a worse disease prognosis in men. Clinical evidence on the impact of estrogen and other sex hormones on thyroid cancer has remained inconclusive, although numerous experimental studies have suggested that these hormones and their receptors may play a role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Studies of thyroid cancer cell lines suggest that an imbalance between the two estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms, α and β, may be responsible for the cell proliferation seen with estrogen treatment. Expression studies on thyroid tumors indicate that they express ER and possibly progesterone receptors and androgen receptors, but there is conflicting evidence as to whether or not there is a difference in receptor status between thyroid cancers, benign thyroid lesions and normal thyroid tissue. There have been few studies evaluating the ERα/ERβ profiles in thyroid tumors and normal thyroid tissue. Our understanding of the underlying basis for sex differences in thyroid cancer has improved over the last few decades, but the relationship between gender and thyroid cancer risk has remained elusive. Areas for future research include ERα/ERβ profiling of normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue, association between ER status and tumor dedifferentiation, and evaluation of the signaling pathways by which estrogen and other sex steroids exert their effects on thyroid cancer cells. Sex steroid receptors, and then downstream signaling pathways, represent promising future therapeutic targets for thyroid cancer treatment, and further study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Yao
- a St Paul's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Connie G Chiu
- a St Paul's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Scott S Strugnell
- a St Paul's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sabrina Gill
- b St Paul's Hospital, Division of Endocrinology/Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, C486-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sam M Wiseman
- a St Paul's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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Andersen ML, Alvarenga TA, Mazzotti DR, Guindalini C, Pellegrino R, Barrueco KF, Santos-Silva R, Bittencourt LR, Tufik S. Hormonal profile, the PROGINS polymorphism, and erectile dysfunction complaints: data from a population-based survey. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:621-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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O'Mara TA, Fahey P, Ferguson K, Marquart L, Lambrechts D, Despierre E, Vergote I, Amant F, Hall P, Liu J, Czene K, Rebbeck TR, Ahmed S, Dunning AM, Gregory CS, Shah M, Webb PM, Spurdle AB. Progesterone receptor gene variants and risk of endometrial cancer. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:331-5. [PMID: 21148628 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged excessive estrogen exposure unopposed by progesterone is widely accepted to be a risk factor for endometrial cancer development. The physiological function of progesterone is dependent upon the presence of its receptor [progesterone receptor (PGR)] and several studies have reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PGR gene to be associated with endometrial cancer risk. We sought to confirm the associations with endometrial cancer risk previously reported for four different PGR polymorphisms. A maximum of 2888 endometrial cancer cases and 4483 female control subjects from up to three studies were genotyped for four PGR polymorphisms (rs1042838, rs10895068, rs11224561 and rs471767). Logistic regression with adjustment for age, study, ethnicity and body mass index was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and P-values. Of the four SNPs investigated, only rs11224561 in the 3' region of the PGR gene was found to be significantly associated with endometrial cancer risk. The A allele of the rs11224561 SNP was associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer (OR per allele 1.31; 95% CI 1.12-1.53, P = 0.001, adjusted for age and study), an effect of the same magnitude and direction as reported previously. We have validated the endometrial cancer risk association with a tagSNP in the 3' untranslated region of PGR previously reported in an Asian population. Replication studies will be required to refine the risk estimate and to establish if this, or a correlated SNP, is the underlying causative variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A O'Mara
- Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
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18
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Lee E, Hsu C, Haiman CA, Razavi P, Horn-Ross PL, Van Den Berg D, Bernstein L, Le Marchand L, Henderson BE, Setiawan VW, Ursin G. Genetic variation in the progesterone receptor gene and risk of endometrial cancer: a haplotype-based approach. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1392-9. [PMID: 20547493 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that estrogen increases endometrial cancer risk, whereas progesterone opposes the estrogen effects. The PROGINS allele of the progesterone receptor (PGR) gene reduces the function of PGR and has been associated with increased risk of the endometrioid type ovarian cancer. We investigated whether genetic variation in PGR is also associated with endometrial cancer risk using a haplotype-based approach. METHODS We pooled data from two endometrial cancer case-control studies that were nested within two prospective cohorts, the Multiethnic Cohort Study and the California Teachers Study. Seventeen haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across four linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks spanning the PGR locus were genotyped in 583 incident cases and 1936 control women. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with each haplotype were estimated using conditional logistic regression, stratified by age and ethnicity. RESULTS Genetic variation in LD block 3 of the PGR locus was associated with endometrial cancer risk (P(global test) = 0.002), with haplotypes 3C, 3D and 3F associated with 31-34% increased risk. Among whites (383 cases/840 controls), genetic variation in all four blocks was associated with increased endometrial cancer risk (P(global test) = 0.010, 0.013, 0.005 and 0.020). Haplotypes containing the PROGINS allele and several haplotypes in blocks 1, 3 and 4 were associated with 34-77% increased risk among whites. SNP analyses for whites suggested that rs608995, partially linked to the PROGINS allele (r(2) = 0.6), was associated with increased risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06-1.59). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic variation in the PGR region is associated with endometrial cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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19
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D'Amora P, Maciel TT, Tambellini R, Mori MA, Pesquero JB, Sato H, Girão MJBC, Guerreiro da Silva IDC, Schor E. Disrupted cell cycle control in cultured endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis harboring the progesterone receptor polymorphism PROGINS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:215-24. [PMID: 19497994 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Presently, little is understood about how endometriosis is established or maintained, or how genetic factors can predispose women to the disease. Because of the crucial role that the progesterone receptor polymorphism PROGINS plays in predisposing women to the development of endometriosis, we hypothesized that this variant may influence critical steps during endometrial cell metabolism that are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Eutopic endometria were collected from three sources: women with endometriosis who had a single PROGINS allele (from the progesterone receptor gene); women with endometriosis who had the wild-type progesterone receptor allele; and women without endometriosis who had the wild-type allele. Cells prepared from the eutopic endometria of these women were stimulated with both estradiol and progesterone, and then examined for cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis. The cells from women with endometriosis that carried the PROGINS allele demonstrated increased proliferation, greater viability, and decreased apoptosis following progesterone treatment. In general, these parameters were very different as compared with those of women with endometriosis but without the PROGINS allele and women in the control group. This result indicates there is a reduced level of progesterone responsiveness in women who carry the PROGINS polymorphism. Because progesterone responsiveness is known to be an important characteristic of women with endometriosis, these data support the contention that the PROGINS polymorphism enhances the endometriosis phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo D'Amora
- Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis Unit, Gynecology Department, Molecular Gynecology and Proteomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil.
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20
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Thijssen JHH. Gene polymorphisms that may influence the biological effects of progestins. Maturitas 2009; 62:366-70. [PMID: 19131195 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many of the biological actions of progestins depend on binding to intracellular receptors and through a long chain of events to subsequent stimulation of transcriptional activity and protein synthesis. This process requires at least a few hours in time and many different proteins called coregulators do play a role after binding to the receptor. Evidence for polymorphisms in the gene coding for the PR has been obtained and many studies have already attempted to show associations between particular polymorphisms and human diseases. However, at present no consistent and conclusive picture has emerged on clinically important associations. Studies on links between polymorphisms in genes coding for coregulators are just beginning. The second pathway, the so-called non-genomic actions, is related to rapid effects of progestins that occur within minutes. At this moment a number of different membrane bound receptors have been identified. No data are available yet on polymorphisms in genes coding for these proteins or to link any of these membrane receptors to specific human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos H H Thijssen
- Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Renner SP, Strick R, Fasching PA, Oeser S, Oppelt P, Mueller A, Beckmann MW, Strissel PL. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the progesterone receptor gene and association with uterine leiomyoma tumor characteristics and disease risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:648.e1-9. [PMID: 18691687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine benign leiomyomas result from proliferation of a single smooth-muscle cell and their growth is affected by steroid hormones via steroid hormone receptors. This investigation analyzed the +331G/A and the V600L single nucleotide polymorphisms in the progesterone receptor, and correlated their incidence with clinical and tumor parameters as well as disease risk. STUDY DESIGN Peripheral blood DNA was analyzed for the frequency of both progesterone receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms in 270 women with uterine leiomyomas compared with 163 control women without uterine leiomyomas. RESULTS No correlation was found for both single nucleotide polymorphisms or the risk for developing myoma; however, statistical significant associations were found for single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes with specific clinical and tumor characteristics, eg, endometriosis, number of live births, menstrual cycle disorder, and leiomyoma focality. CONCLUSION Our findings support that specific genotypes in the progesterone receptor may be involved in tumor growth and metastasis but not in tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P Renner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University-Clinic Erlangen, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Gentilini D, Vigano P, Carmignani L, Spinelli M, Busacca M, Di Blasio AM. Progesterone receptor +331G/A polymorphism in endometriosis and deep-infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1243-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gründker C, Günthert AR, Emons G. Hormonal heterogeneity of endometrial cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 630:166-88. [PMID: 18637491 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78818-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the developed world. Increasing evidence suggests that the majority of cases can be divided into two different types ofendometrial cancer based on clinico-pathological and molecular characteristics. Type I is associated with an endocrine milieu of estrogen predominance. These tumors are ofendometroid histology and develop from endometrial hyperplasia. They have good prognosis and are sensitive to endocrine treatment. Type II endometrial cancers are not associated with a history of unopposed estrogens and develop from the atrophic endometrium of elderly women. Mainly, they are of serous papillary or clear cell morphology, have a poor prognosis and do not react to endocrine treatment. Both types of endometrial cancer probably differ markedly with regard to the molecular mechanisms of transformation. The transition from normal endometrium to a malignant tumor is thought to involve a stepwise accumulation of alterations in cellular mechanisms leading to dysfunctional cell growth. This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms commonly associated with development of type I and type II endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Junqueira MG, da Silva IDCG, Nogueira-de-Souza NC, Carvalho CV, Leite DB, Gomes MTV, Baracat EC, Lopes LAF, Nicolau SM, Gonçalves WJ. Progesterone receptor (PROGINS) polymorphism and the risk of endometrial cancer development. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:229-32. [PMID: 17291258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor gene (PROGINS) has been identified as a risk modifier for benign and malignant gynecological diseases. The present case-control study is to evaluate the role of the PROGINS polymorphisms, as risk factor, for endometrial cancer development and to investigate the association between these genetics variants and clinical/pathologic variables of endometrial cancer. PROGINS polymorphism was examined in a total of 121 patients with endometrial cancer and 282 population-based control subjects, all located at the same area in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The genotyping of PROGINS polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The frequencies of PROGINS polymorphism T1/T1, T1/T2, and T2/T2 were 82.6%, 14.9%, and 2.5% in the endometrial cancer patients and 78.4%, 21.6%, and 0% in the controls, respectively. The chi(2) test showed a higher incidence of the T2/T2 genotype in the endometrial cancer group subjects, these results were statistically different (P= 0.012). However, due to the fact that there were no women in the control group showing homozygosis for the allele T2, the correct evaluation of odds ratio could not be properly calculated. Regarding the clinical and pathologic findings observed within the group of patients with endometrial cancer, there was significant correlation between T1/T2 genotype and the presence of myoma (P= 0.048). No correlations were observed among the other variables. These data suggest that the PROGINS polymorphism T2/T2 genotype might be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Junqueira
- Molecular Gynecology Laboratory, Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo, Head Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 04039-032
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De Carvalho CV, Nogueira-De-Souza NC, Costa AMM, Baracat EC, Girão MJBC, D'Amora P, Schor E, da Silva IDCG. Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450cl7alpha (CYP17) and progesterone receptor genes (PROGINS) in the assessment of endometriosis risk. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007; 23:29-33. [PMID: 17484509 DOI: 10.1080/09513590601024707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed the present study in order to evaluate the eventual role of polymorphisms in the genes encoding cytochrome P450c17alpha (CYP17) and the progesterone receptor (PROGINS) as risk factors for endometriosis development. Eligible cases consisted of 121 women with surgically confirmed endometriosis who underwent treatment in a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil during the period from September 2003 to September 2005. The 281 controls were participants with normal gynecological as well as pelvic ultrasound evaluation, who did not have any gynecological conditions during their reproductive lives such as pelvic pain and/or dyspareunia nor infertility history. Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal cells and processed for DNA extraction using the GFX DNA extraction kit (GE Healthcare). The CYP17 (-34T-->C) polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay has been described previously, as has the progesterone receptor polymorphism (PROGINS) detection assay. PROGINS heterozygosis genotype frequencies were shown to be statistically higher in endometriosis cases compared with controls. On the other hand, differences in the CYP17 polymorphism (-34T-->C) frequencies were not even close to significance (p = 0.278) according to our findings.
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26
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Romano A, Lindsey PJ, Fischer DC, Delvoux B, Paulussen ADC, Janssen RG, Kieback DG. Two functionally relevant polymorphisms in the human progesterone receptor gene (+331 G/A and progins) and the predisposition for breast and/or ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 101:287-95. [PMID: 16360811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two polymorphisms affecting either expression (+331 G/A) or transcriptional activity (progins) of the progesterone receptor have been described. No clear correlation between either polymorphism and breast or ovarian cancer has been shown. Our objective is to clarify whether the two progesterone receptor polymorphisms modify the risk for breast or ovarian cancer. METHODS Healthy women and women suffering from either ovarian or breast cancer were enrolled in a case-control-based study to compare the frequencies of women carrying either one, both or none of the two polymorphisms. Patient and control populations resided in the same region of South Germany. PCR-RFLP analysis was used to determine the polymorphic alleles. RESULTS Women diagnosed with ovarian cancer showed a not significant increased frequency of +331 A carriers and a significantly increased frequency of progins carriers. Both polymorphisms appeared to be associated with a significantly increased risk for the disease in women below 51 years [OR: 4.1 (CI: 1.2-13.9) and 3.2 (CI: 1.1-9.1), respectively]. No association was detected between either of the two polymorphisms and breast cancer. Among ovarian and breast cancer patients, the number of individuals carrying both rare polymorphic alleles was significantly higher compared to healthy women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that low penetrant polymorphisms of progesterone receptor may modify the risk for ovarian cancer. Our data do not allow drawing a clear conclusion on the risk for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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