Catheter-related bacteremia due to Roseomonas species in pediatric hematology/oncology patients

Infective Spondylitis with Epidural Abscess Formation Caused by Roseomonas mucosa: A Case Report and Literature Review

Roseomonas mucosa (R. mucosa) is a pink-pigmented, aerobic, nonfermentative, slow-growing Gram-negative coccus typically isolated from the natural environment, human skin, and hospital environment. This pathogen, in most circumstances, leads to infections in immunocompromised hosts, but it may sometimes invade immunocompetent individuals. Bacteraemia is the most common form of infection caused by R. mucosa. In contrast, only two case reports have described R. mucosa-related epidural abscess formation and infective spondylitis. In this case report, we shared the history and treatment experience of a 76-year-old female who was diagnosed with infective spondylitis and epidural abscess caused by R. mucosa. She received a local transdermal injection into the lower back to relieve her back pain two months before symptom onset, which was considered to be associated with this infection episode. After admission to the hospital, neurosurgeons performed emergent decompression and debridement. She was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for four weeks, followed by oral ciprofloxacin for another eight weeks. The patient recovered well without any sequelae and had no relapse of infection at least six months after the end of treatment. In addition to the case report, we reviewed the literature for reported cases caused by R. mucosa. Our experience suggests that clinicians should include R. mucosa as one of the possible healthcare-associated pathogens among individuals who have undergone transdermal procedures. We believe that this article will help clinicians better recognize R. mucosa infection.

Roseomonas harenae sp. nov., from desert gravel soil

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, pink-pigmented, coccus bacterium, designated CPCC 101081^T, was isolated from a gravel soil sample collected from Badain Jara desert, PR China. Growth of the isolate occurred at 10-37 °C and pH 5.0-8.0, with optimal growth at 28-32 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c/C _18:1ω6c), summed feature 3 (C _16:1ω6c/C_16:1ω7c) and C_18:12-OH. Q-10 was detected as the main respiratory quinone. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an amino-containing lipid and an unidentified glycophospholipid were examined in the polar lipids extraction. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of strain CPCC 101081^T with the available sequences in the GenBank database showed that the isolate was closely related to members of the genus Rosenomonas, with the highest similarity to Roseomonas rosea DSM 14916^T (97.4 %). In the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the core genomes, strain CPCC 101081^T was included within the clade of the genus Roseomonas, representing a species level, with the closest neighbor of R. rosea DSM 14916^T . The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CPCC 101081^T and the related type strains of the genus Roseomonas were all far lower than the cut-off values for definition species. On the basis of above phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain CPCC 101081^T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas with the name Roseomonas harenae sp. nov. strain CPCC 101081^T (=KCTC 62852^T=NBRC 113512^T) is the type strain of the species.

Roseomonas species infections in humans: a systematic review

Roseomonas species have been recognized to cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of Roseomonas infections in humans and describe the epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment and outcomes of these infections in humans. We performed a systematic review of PubMed (through 20th Octrober 2019) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of Roseomonas species infections. A total of 37 studies, containing data of 99 patients, were included in the analysis. The most common Roseomonas infections were those of the bloodstream in 74.7% (74 patients), musculoskeletal infections in 8.1% (8 patients), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in 6.1% (6 patients) each. Epidemiology of these infections differed, with bacteremias being more prevalent in patients with malignancy and central venous lines, musculoskeletal infections being more prevalent after orthopedic surgery, and SSTIs occurring without any reported underlying cause. Resistance to beta-lactams was very high with penicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam resistance and cephalosporin resistance at 96.6%, 90.7% and 77.8% respectively, while quinolone resistance was 9.1%. Quinolones, carbapenems and cephalosporins are the most common agents used for treatment, irrespectively of the infection site. Overall mortality was 3% (3 patients), with the mortality attributed to Roseomonas being at 1% (1 patient).

Roseomonas gilardii Bacteremia in a Patient With HbSβ0-thalassemia: Clinical Implications and Literature Review

Roseomonas gilardii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus identified in immunocompromised pediatric patients. A 5-year-old male with a history of HbSβ thalassemia status postsurgical splenectomy presented to the emergency department with fever. Blood cultures grew R. gilardii at 63 hours, but the patient had been discharged home at 48 hours. The patient was readmitted for repeat cultures and initiated on meropenem for 10 days as Roseomonas spp. are often resistant to third generation cephalosporins. R. gilardii is a rare cause of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. Clinicians should consider Roseomonas in slow growing Gram-negative rod bacteremias, and consider meropenem as empiric coverage.

Roseomonas vastitatis sp. nov. isolated from Badain Jaran desert in China

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, designated CPCC 101021^T, was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected from Badain Jaran desert, China. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence was closely related to those of members of the genus Roseomonas, showing high similarities with Roseomonas hibiscisoli THG-N2.22^T (98.0 %), Roseomonas oryzae KCTC 42542^T (97.9 %), Roseomonas rhizosphaerae YW11^T (97.9 %) and Roseomonas suffusca S1^T (97.8 %). In the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CPCC 101021^T formed a distinct subclade with R. oryzae KCTC 42542^T within the genus Roseomonas. Growth of the isolate occurred at 15-37 °C and pH 6.0-8.5, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The major cellular fatty acids were C_18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 8 (C_16 : 1ω7c/C_16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1ω6c/C_16 : 1ω7c) and C_16 : 0ω6c. Q-10 was detected as the main component in the respiratory quinone system, with Q-9 as a minor component. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified glycolipid were found in the polar lipid profile. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity was 84.6 % when comparing the draft genome sequences of strain CPCC 101021^T with R. oryzae KCTC 42542^T. On the basis of genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, strain CPCC 101021^T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas with the name Roseomonas vastitatis sp. nov. Strain CPCC 101021^T (=J1A743^T=KCTC 62043^T) is the type strain of the species.

Roseomonas mucosa bacteremia in a neutropenic child: A case report and literature review

Roseomonas species is rarely found to be pathogenic to humans and there are few clinical cases that have been described in the literature. We report a case of Roseomonas mucosa bacteremia that involved a 9-year-old Japanese boy who was in a condition of febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy for cerebellar medulloblastoma. Conventional phenotyping failed to identify the organism; however, genetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed the pathogen to be R. mucosa. The patient recovered following treatment by meropenem without any complications. A literature review of pediatric cases of Roseomonas bacteremia identified 12 other documented cases, and these revealed that a common clinical situation for the infection is an immunocompromised state with malignancy and/or an indwelling intravenous catheter. Because of the low number of cases, the overall picture of Roseomonas bacteremia in children remains to be elucidated; however, the prognosis of the infection appears to be satisfactory.

Two Cases of Bacteremia Due to Roseomonas mucosa

Roseomonas is a genus of pink-pigmented nonfermentative bacilli. These slow-growing, gram-negative cocobacilli form pink-colored colonies on sheep blood agar. They differ from other pink-pigmented nonfermenters, including Methylobacterium, in morphology, biochemical characteristics, and DNA sequence. Roseomonas strains are rarely isolated in clinical laboratories; therefore, we report two cases in order to improve our ability to identify these pathogens. We isolated two strains of Roseomonas mucosa from the venous blood cultures of two patients, an 84-yr-old woman with common bile duct obstruction and a 17-yr-old male with acute myeloid leukemia who had an indwelling central-venous catheter for chemotherapy. The isolated strains were confirmed as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Roseomonas oryzicola sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A Gram-stain-negative, coccobacilli-shaped bacterium, designated YC6724T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of rice in Jinju, Korea. The taxonomy of strain YC6724T was studied using a polyphasic approach. Strain YC6724T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0–8.0. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the strain was most closely related to Roseomonas soli 5N26T (98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Roseomonas lacus TH-G33T (97.3 %) and Roseomonas terrae DS-48T (97.3 %). Sequence similarities with other species of the genus Roseomonas with validly published names were lower than 94.0 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YC6724T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Roseomonas. Strain YC6724T had DNA–DNA relatedness values of 16.6 %, 44.0 % and 33.2 % with R. soli KACC 16376T, R. terrae KACC 12677T and R. lacus KACC 11678T, respectively. The predominant fatty acids of strain YC6724T were C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 2-OH. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol% and the major quinone was Q-10. Strain YC6724T contained spermidine as the major polyamine. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular data, it is clear that strain YC6724T represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas oryzicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC6724T ( = KCTC 22478T = NBRC 109439T).

Roseomonas oryzae sp. nov., isolated from paddy rhizosphere soil

A non-motile, coccus-shaped, pale-pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain JC288T, was isolated from a paddy rhizosphere soil collected from Western Ghats, Kankumbi, Karnataka, India. Cells were found to be Gram-stain-negative, and catalase- and oxidase-positive; the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c and C18 : 1 2-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 67.5 mol%. Strain JC288T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, four unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified lipids, an aminophospholipid and a glycolipid. Hydroxyspirilloxanthin was the major carotenoid of strain JC288T. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain JC288T represents a member of the genus Roseomonas within the family Acetobacteraceae of the phylum Proteobacteria. Strain JC288T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Roseomonas rhizosphaerae YW11T (97.3 %), Roseomonas aestuarii JC17T (97.1 %), Roseomonas cervicalis CIP 104027T (95.9 %) and other members of the genus Roseomonas ( < 95.5 %). The distinct genomic difference and morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC288T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC288T ( = KCTC 42542T = LMG 28711T).

Community acquired Roseomonas infection in a pre-existing Tubercular lung lesion

Roseomonas are nonfermenting opportunistic Gram-negative bacilli belonging to the newly established genus of Roseomonas. The clinical experience with the species is limited and is difficult to diagnose because of limited expertise and lack of commercially available identification kits with any of the automated systems. This is a first ever reported case of secondary bacterial infection due to Roseomonas genomospecies 6 in a patient of pulmonary tuberculosis from the Indian subcontinent.

Peritonitis caused by Roseomonas in a patient undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis: case report and literature review

A 48-year-old man was admitted with cloudy dialysate and diagnosed as peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis caused by Roseomonas infection. This is the third case of PD-related peritonitis due to Roseomonas species and also the first case of peritonitis in automated peritoneal dialysis. Despite its low virulence and rare incidence in peritoneal dialysis, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of Roseomonas infection due to its high resistance to antibiotics. Literature on Roseomonas infection is also reviewed. The current guidelines for empirical peritonitis in PD patients do not adequately cover such infection. Refractory treatment in high risk cases should alert clinicians to upgrade antibiotics even for a vague manifestation.

Roseomonas mucosa isolated from bloodstream of pediatric patient

We report a case of catheter-related bacteremia associated with Roseomonas mucosa isolated from an immunocompromised pediatric patient with a history of multiple episodes of urinary tract infection and bacteremia.

Septic arthritis due to Roseomonas gilardii in an immunocompetent adolescent

The genus Roseomonas comprises groups of slow-growing, Gram-negative coccobacilli, which only infrequently cause infection in humans. When identified, they are associated with immunocompromised adults, often causing bacteraemia. Due to their rarity, members of this genus can be overlooked or misidentified using automated laboratory identification systems. We report on an immunocompetent adolescent patient who developed septic arthritis due to Roseomonas gilardii following surgery for a sports injury. The isolate was initially misidentified as Bordetella bronchiseptica using the Vitek 2 system, but confirmed as R. gilardii based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a healthy paediatric patient with septic arthritis due to R. gilardii.

Roseomonas aquatica sp. nov., isolated from drinking water

Strain TR53(T), a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic coccobacillus, isolated from the drinking water distribution system of Seville, Spain, was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis using a combination of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic features. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TR53(T) had highest similarity to members of the genus Roseomonas, with sequence similarity values between 95.7 % (to Roseomonas genomospecies 5 strain ATCC 49960) and 94.0 % (to Roseomonas gilardii subsp. rosea ATCC 49956(T)). On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence data and DNA G+C content (68.6 mol%), strain TR53(T) represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Roseomonas aquatica is TR53(T) (=CECT 7131(T)=JCM 13556(T)).