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Akincilar SC, Chan CHT, Ng QF, Fidan K, Tergaonkar V. Non-canonical roles of canonical telomere binding proteins in cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4235-4257. [PMID: 33599797 PMCID: PMC8164586 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of telomerase is a major hallmark observed in 90% of all cancers. Yet paradoxically, enhanced telomerase activity does not correlate with telomere length and cancers often possess short telomeres; suggestive of supplementary non-canonical roles that telomerase might play in the development of cancer. Moreover, studies have shown that aberrant expression of shelterin proteins coupled with their release from shortening telomeres can further promote cancer by mechanisms independent of their telomeric role. While targeting telomerase activity appears to be an attractive therapeutic option, this approach has failed in clinical trials due to undesirable cytotoxic effects on stem cells. To circumvent this concern, an alternative strategy could be to target the molecules involved in the non-canonical functions of telomeric proteins. In this review, we will focus on emerging evidence that has demonstrated the non-canonical roles of telomeric proteins and their impact on tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we aim to address current knowledge gaps in telomeric protein functions and propose future research approaches that can be undertaken to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Can Akincilar
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Proteos, 61, Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Claire Hian Tzer Chan
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Proteos, 61, Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Qin Feng Ng
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Proteos, 61, Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kerem Fidan
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Proteos, 61, Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Proteos, 61, Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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Park KM, Lee HJ, Koo KT, Ben Amara H, Leesungbok R, Noh K, Lee SC, Lee SW. Oral Soft Tissue Regeneration Using Nano Controlled System Inducing Sequential Release of Trichloroacetic Acid and Epidermal Growth Factor. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:91-103. [PMID: 31970697 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of nano controlled sequential release of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the oral soft tissue regeneration was determined. METHODS Hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nano controlled system was developed for the sequential release of TCA and EGF, and the release pattern was identified. The HGC-based nano controlled release system was injected into the critical-sized defects created in beagles' palatal soft tissues. The palatal impression and its scanned body was obtained on various time points post-injection, and the volumetric amount of soft tissue regeneration was compared among the three groups: CON (natural regeneration control group), EXP1 (TCA-loaded nano controlled release system group), EXP2 (TCA and EGF individually loaded nano controlled release system). DNA microarray analysis was performed and various soft tissue regeneration parameters in histopathological specimens were measured. RESULTS TCA release was highest at Day 1 whereas EGF release was highest at Day 2 and remained high until Day 3. In the volumetric measurements of impression body scans, no significant difference in soft tissue regeneration between the three groups was shown in two-way ANOVA. However, in the one-way ANOVA at Day 14, EXP2 showed a significant increase in soft tissue regeneration compared to CON. High correlation was determined between the histopathological results of each group. DNA microarray showed up-regulation of various genes and related cell signaling pathways in EXP2 compared to CON. CONCLUSION HGC-based nano controlled release system for sequential release of TCA and EGF can promote regeneration of oral soft tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Man Park
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jae Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Heithem Ben Amara
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute Translational Research Laboratory for Tissue Engineering (TTE), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwantae Noh
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
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Ghemlas I, Li H, Zlateska B, Klaassen R, Fernandez CV, Yanofsky RA, Wu J, Pastore Y, Silva M, Lipton JH, Brossard J, Michon B, Abish S, Steele M, Sinha R, Belletrutti M, Breakey VR, Jardine L, Goodyear L, Sung L, Dhanraj S, Reble E, Wagner A, Beyene J, Ray P, Meyn S, Cada M, Dror Y. Improving diagnostic precision, care and syndrome definitions using comprehensive next-generation sequencing for the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. J Med Genet 2015; 52:575-84. [PMID: 26136524 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic overlap among the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) frequently limits the ability to establish a diagnosis based solely on clinical features. >70 IBMFS genes have been identified, which often renders genetic testing prolonged and costly. Since correct diagnosis, treatment and cancer surveillance often depend on identifying the mutated gene, strategies that enable timely genotyping are essential. METHODS To overcome these challenges, we developed a next-generation sequencing assay to analyse a panel of 72 known IBMFS genes. Cases fulfilling the clinical diagnostic criteria of an IBMFS but without identified causal genotypes were included. RESULTS The assay was validated by detecting 52 variants previously found by Sanger sequencing. A total of 158 patients with unknown mutations were studied. Of 75 patients with known IBMFS categories (eg, Fanconi anaemia), 59% had causal mutations. Among 83 patients with unclassified IBMFSs, we found causal mutations and established the diagnosis in 18% of the patients. The assay detected mutant genes that had not previously been reported to be associated with the patient phenotypes. In other cases, the assay led to amendments of diagnoses. In 20% of genotype cases, the results indicated a cancer surveillance programme. CONCLUSIONS The novel assay is efficient, accurate and has a major impact on patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ghemlas
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hongbing Li
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bozana Zlateska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Klaassen
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - John Wu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Jeff H Lipton
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josee Brossard
- Centre hospitalier universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruno Michon
- Centre Hospital University Quebec-Pav CHUL, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharon Abish
- Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Roona Sinha
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mark Belletrutti
- Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vicky R Breakey
- McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence Jardine
- Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Goodyear
- Janeway Child Health Centre, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Population Health Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Santhosh Dhanraj
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Reble
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Wagner
- Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Program in Population Genomics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Ray
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Meyn
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michaela Cada
- Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yigal Dror
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Expression of Shelterin component POT1 is associated with decreased telomere length and immunity condition in humans with severe aplastic anemia. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:439530. [PMID: 24892036 PMCID: PMC4033360 DOI: 10.1155/2014/439530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal telomere attrition has been found to be closely related to patients with SAA in recent years. To identify the incidence of telomere attrition in SAA patients and investigate the relationship of telomere length with clinical parameters, SAA patients (n=27) and healthy controls (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Telomere length of PWBCs was significantly shorter in SAA patients than in controls. Analysis of gene expression of Shelterin complex revealed markedly low levels of POT1 expression in SAA groups relative to controls. No differences in the gene expression of the other Shelterin components-TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, TPP1, and RAP1-were identified. Addition of IFN-γ to culture media induced a similar fall in POT1 expression in bone marrow cells to that observed in cells cultured in the presence of SAA serum, suggesting IFN-γ is the agent responsible for this effect of SAA serum. Furthermore, ATR, phosphorylated ATR, and phosphorylated ATM/ATR substrate were all found similarly increased in bone marrow cells exposed to SAA serum, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. In summary, SAA patients have short telomeres and decreased POT1 expression. TNF-α and IFN-γ are found at high concentrations in SAA patients and may be the effectors that trigger apoptosis through POT1 and ATR.
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Pavesi E, Avondo F, Aspesi A, Quarello P, Rocci A, Vimercati C, Pigullo S, Dufour C, Ramenghi U, Dianzani I. Analysis of telomeres in peripheral blood cells from patients with bone marrow failure. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:411-6. [PMID: 19489057 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of telomere length is useful for the characterization of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and of aplastic anemias (AA) as well as hematological malignancies. Short telomeres result from a specific defect of telomere maintenance in DC and likely from higher cellular turnover in AA and hematological malignancies. Data are not conclusive for Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a pure erythroid aplasia due to defects of ribosomal proteins. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of a qPCR method for telomere length assessment to evaluate the diagnostic contribution of telomere measurement in bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS). PROCEDURE Telomere length was evaluated by qPCR in peripheral blood cells from 95 normal individuals and 62 patients with BMFS, including 45 patients with DBA. RESULTS Results obtained with qPCR are comparable with other quantitative methods, such as flow-FISH and Southern blotting. Our data show that only one DBA patient and a minority of other BMFS patients have very short telomeres, defined as less than the 1st percentile of controls. CONCLUSIONS The qPCR method for telomere length evaluation is an easy alternative to other methods and may thus be valuable in a clinical hematological laboratory setting. Telomere maintenance does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of DBA unlike in other BMFSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pavesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Du HY, Mason PJ, Bessler M, Wilson DB. TINF2 mutations in children with severe aplastic anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 52:687. [PMID: 19090550 PMCID: PMC2860792 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Philip J. Mason
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Monica Bessler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David B. Wilson
- Correspondence to: Dr. David B. Wilson, Department of Pediatrics, Box 8208, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110.
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