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Kasteler R, Otth M, Halbeisen FS, Mader L, Singer F, Rössler J, von der Weid NX, Ansari M, Kuehni CE. Longitudinal assessment of lung function in Swiss childhood cancer survivors-A multicenter cohort study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:169-180. [PMID: 37905693 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for pulmonary morbidity due to exposure to lung-toxic treatments, including specific chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy, and surgery. Longitudinal data on lung function and its change over time are scarce. We investigated lung function trajectories in survivors over time and the association with lung-toxic treatments. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included Swiss survivors diagnosed between 1990 and 2013 and exposed to lung-toxic chemotherapeutics or thoracic radiotherapy. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including forced expiration volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, total lung capacity, and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, were obtained from hospital charts. We calculated z-scores and percentage predicted, described lung function over time, and determined risk factors for change in FEV1 and FVC using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS We included 790 PFTs from 183 survivors, with a median age of 12 years at diagnosis and 5.5 years of follow-up. Most common diagnosis was lymphoma (55%). Half (49%) of survivors had at least one abnormal pulmonary function parameter, mainly restrictive (22%). Trajectories of FEV1 and FVC started at z-scores of -1.5 at diagnosis and remained low throughout follow-up. Survivors treated with thoracic surgery started particularly low, with an FEV1 of -1.08 z-scores (-2.02 to -0.15) and an FVC of -1.42 z-scores (-2.27 to -0.57) compared to those without surgery. CONCLUSION Reduced pulmonary function was frequent but mainly of mild to moderate severity. Nevertheless, more research and long-term surveillance of this vulnerable population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Kasteler
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Somatic Gene Therapy, University Children's Hospital Zurich-Eleonore Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Otth
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Somatic Gene Therapy, University Children's Hospital Zurich-Eleonore Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian S Halbeisen
- Surgical Outcome Research Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luzius Mader
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Singer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Childhood Research Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rössler
- Division of Paediatric Oncology-Haematology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas X von der Weid
- Department of Paediatric Oncology-Haematology, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Division of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Cansearch Research Platform for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Transplant characteristics and self-reported pulmonary outcomes in Swiss childhood cancer survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-a cohort study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 56:1065-1076. [PMID: 33239655 PMCID: PMC8113058 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at high risk for pulmonary morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective study we described transplant characteristics of pediatric patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Switzerland and how these characteristics changed over time, compared self-reported pulmonary outcomes between transplanted and non-transplanted survivors, and investigated risk factors for the reported pulmonary outcomes. As part of the population-based Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we sent questionnaires to all ≥5-year childhood cancer survivors diagnosed 1976–2010 at age ≤20 years. We included 132 transplanted survivors and 368 matched non-transplanted survivors. During the study period transplant characteristics changed, with decreasing use of total body irradiation and increased use of peripheral blood stem cells and mismatched and unrelated donors as transplant source. One-fifth of transplanted survivors (20%, 95%CI 13–27%) and 18% of non-transplanted survivors (95%CI 13–21%) reported at least one pulmonary outcome. None of the analyzed factors was significantly associated with an increased risk of pulmonary outcomes in multivariable analysis. We found that pulmonary outcomes were frequently reported in transplanted and non-transplanted childhood cancer survivors, indicating a strong need for long-term pulmonary follow-up care.
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