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Ami D, Franco AR, Artusa V, Romerio A, Shaik MM, Italia A, Anguita J, Pasco S, Mereghetti P, Peri F, Natalello A. Vibrational spectroscopy coupled with machine learning sheds light on the cellular effects induced by rationally designed TLR4 agonists. Talanta 2024; 275:126104. [PMID: 38677166 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to compare on whole cells, in an unbiased and untargeted way, the capacity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two rationally designed molecules (FP20 and FP20Rha) to activate molecular circuits of innate immunity. These compounds are important drug hits in the development of vaccine adjuvants and tumor immunotherapeutics. The biological assays indicated that FP20Rha was more potent than FP20 in inducing cytokine production in cells and in stimulating IgG antibody production post-vaccination in mice. Accordingly, the overall significant IR spectral changes induced by the treatment with LPS and FP20Rha were similar, lipids and glycans signals being the most diagnostic, while the effect of the less potent molecule FP20 on cells resulted to be closer to control untreated cells. We propose here the use of FTIR spectroscopy supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve a more holistic understanding of the cell response to new drug candidates while screening them in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Rita Franco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Romerio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Mohammed Monsoor Shaik
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Italia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Juan Anguita
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Samuel Pasco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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Wongkhieo S, Tangmesupphaisan W, Siriwaseree J, Aramsirirujiwet Y, Wiriyajitsomboon P, Kaewgrajang T, Pumloifa S, Paemanee A, Kuaprasert B, Choowongkomon K, Chester AH, Swainson NM. In vitro cholesterol lowering activity of Ganoderma australe mycelia based on mass spectrometry, synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared analysis and liver-spheroid bioactivity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13619. [PMID: 37604902 PMCID: PMC10442327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycelia were cultivated from a Thai wild mushroom identified as Ganoderma australe based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and morphological analyses. The mycelial extracts were examined for their active ingredients using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) method. This revealed the presence of lovastatin and tentative compounds including p-coumaric, nicotinamide, gamma-aminobutyric acid, choline, nucleosides, amino acids, and saccharides. The extracts had an inhibitory effect on the activity of HMG-CoA reductase in a concentration-dependent manner. At 2.5 mg/mL, the G. australe extracts did not interfere with the viability of HepG2 spheroids, but their biochemical composition was altered as determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lipid profile of the spheroids treated with the mycelial extract was distinct from that of the control and the 5 µM lovastatin treatment, corresponding with the production of cholesterol by the spheroids. The mycelia of G. australe increased the percentage of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) production to 71.35 ± 2.74%, compared to the control and lovastatin-treated spheroids (33.26 ± 3.15% and 32.13 ± 3.24%, respectively). This study revealed the superior effect of natural compound mixtures to pure lovastatin, and the potential use of Thailand's wild G. australe as a functional food to prevent or alleviate hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudthirak Wongkhieo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Jeeraprapa Siriwaseree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Yaovapa Aramsirirujiwet
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Tharnrat Kaewgrajang
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Saifa Pumloifa
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Buabarn Kuaprasert
- Research Facility Department, Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Adrian H Chester
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Napachanok M Swainson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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A Global Picture of Molecular Changes Associated to LPS Treatment in THP-1 Derived Human Macrophages by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113447. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are among the first immune cells involved in the initiation of the inflammatory response to protect the host from pathogens. THP-1 derived macrophages (TDM) are used as a model to study the pro-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Intact TDM cells were analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, supported by multivariate analysis, to obtain a snapshot of the molecular events sparked by LPS stimulation in macrophage-like cells. This spectroscopic analysis enabled the untargeted identification of the most significant spectral components affected by the treatment, ascribable mainly to lipid, protein, and sulfated sugar bands, thus stressing the fundamental role of these classes of molecules in inflammation and in immune response. Our study, therefore, shows that FTIR microspectroscopy enabled the identification of spectroscopic markers of LPS stimulation and has the potential to become a tool to assess those global biochemical changes related to inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli of synthetic and natural immunomodulators different from LPS.
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