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Dai L, Yang L, Li Y, Li S, Yang D, Li Y, He D. Origin differentiation based on volatile constituents of genuine medicinal materials Quisqualis indica L. via HS-GC-MS, response surface methodology, and chemometrics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:567-578. [PMID: 38191129 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quisqualis indica L. (QIL) has a long history as a traditional Chinese herb in China, but the study of volatile components in QIL from different geographical sources has been relatively rare. OBJECTIVES To establish an optimal headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method to comprehensively analyse the volatile component profile and screen quality markers of QIL from different origins. METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the conditions for headspace analysis. The volatile components of QIL from four main origins of southwest China were analysed and identified by HS-GC-MS. The similarity of all samples of QIL was evaluated by fingerprint. The differences of the volatile components in QIL from different origins were distinguished by chemometrics. RESULTS According to the optimal conditions of RSM, a total of 31 volatile components were identified, including fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, alkyl pyrazines, and other volatile components. Similarity evaluation presented that there were 26 common volatile components with different contents in all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that QIL from four different origins could be roughly divided into four categories. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated that QIL from different origins had obvious regional characteristics. CONCLUSION The optimised HS-GC-MS method provided a strategy to rapidly, effectively, and accurately elucidate the volatile component profile of QIL from different origins, and seven important differential components were screened for quality evaluation and origin traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Chongqing Pharmaceutical Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing Pharmaceutical Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuya Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan He
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xie S, Si H, Xue Y, Zhou R, Wang S, Duan Y, Niu J, Wang Z. Efficacy of rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa SY42 for the biological control of Atractylodes chinensis root rot. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106517. [PMID: 38159617 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atractylodes chinensis is one of the most commonly used bulk herbs in East Asia; however, root rot can seriously affect its quality and yields. In contrast to chemical pesticides, biological control strategies are environmentally compatible and safe. For this study, 68 antagonistic bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizospheres of healthy Atractylodes chinensis. Strain SY42 exhibited the most potent fungicidal activities, with inhibition rates against F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. redolens of 67.07 %, 63.40 % and 68.45 %, respectively. Through morphological observation and molecular characterization, strain SY42 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa. The volatile organic components (VOCs) produced by SY42 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi through diffusion. SY42 significantly inhibited the germination of pathogenic fungal spores. Following co-culturing with SY42, the mycelium of the pathogenic fungus was deformed, folded, and even ruptured. SY42 could produce cellulases and proteases to degrade fungal cell walls. Pot experiments demonstrated the excellent biocontrol efficacy of SY42. This study revealed that P. polymyxa SY42 inhibited pathogenic fungi through multiple mechanisms, which verified its utility as a biocontrol agent for the control of A. chinensis root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - He Si
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Yuyan Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Ru Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Yizhong Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 718000, China.
| | - Junfeng Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710119, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
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Ma Z, Liu G, Yang Z, Zhang G, Sun L, Wang M, Ren X. Species Differentiation and Quality Evaluation for Atractylodes Medicinal Plants by GC/MS Coupled with Chemometric Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300793. [PMID: 37485567 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of rhizomes from the genus Atractylodes has been challenging due to their closely related origins. In this study, we developed an analytical strategy to differentiate Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea), Atractylodes chinensis (A. chinensis), Atractylodes japonica (A. japonica), and Atractylodes macrocephala (A. macrocephala), and compared their volatile compositions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze the volatile profiles of essential oils extracted from 59 batches of samples. Chemometric methods enabled a better understanding of the differences in volatile oils between the four species and identified significant components affecting their classification and quality. A total of 50 volatile components were identified from the essential oils by GC/MS. Unsupervised and supervised chemometric analyses accurately distinguished A. lancea, A. chinensis, A. japonica, and A. macrocephala. Furthermore, five characteristic chemical markers, namely hinesol, β-eudesmol, atractylon, atractylodin and atractylenolide I, were obtained, and their respective percentage contents in individual species and samples were determined. This study provides a valuable reference for the quality evaluation of medicinal plants with essential oils and holds significance for species differentiation and the rational clinical application of Atractylodes herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zijie Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Guoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Tran KN, Nguyen NPK, Nguyen LTH, Shin HM, Yang IJ. Screening for Neuroprotective and Rapid Antidepressant-like Effects of 20 Essential Oils. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051248. [PMID: 37238920 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder with high prevalence, and the delayed onset of antidepressant effects remains a limitation in the treatment of depression. This study aimed to screen essential oils that have the potential for rapid-acting antidepressant development. PC12 and BV2 cells were used to identify essential oils with neuroprotective effects at doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/mL. The resulting candidates were treated intranasally (25 mg/kg) to ICR mice, followed by a tail suspension test (TST) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) after 30 min. In each effective essential oil, five main compounds were computationally analyzed, targeting glutamate receptor subunits. As a result, 19 essential oils significantly abolished corticosterone (CORT)-induced cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and 13 reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). From in vivo experiments, six essential oils decreased the immobility time of mice in the TST, in which Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and Myristica fragrans Houtt. also increased time and entries into the open arms of the EPM. Four compounds including atractylon, α-curcumene, α-farnesene, and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one had an affinity toward GluN1, GluN2B, and Glu2A receptor subunits surpassed that of the reference compound ketamine. Overall, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC and Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat essential oils are worthy of further research for fast-acting antidepressants through interactions with glutamate receptors, and their main compounds (atractylon, α-curcumene, α-farnesene, and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one) are predicted to underlie the fast-acting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Nguyen Tran
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nhi Phuc Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Mook Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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