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Barone E, Arena A, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Disturbance of redox homeostasis in Down Syndrome: Role of iron dysmetabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:84-93. [PMID: 28705658 PMCID: PMC5748256 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability that leads in the majority of cases to development of early-onset Alzheimer-like dementia (AD). The neuropathology of DS has several common features with AD including alteration of redox homeostasis, mitochondrial deficits, and inflammation among others. Interestingly, some of the genes encoded by chromosome 21 are responsible of increased oxidative stress (OS) conditions that are further exacerbated by decreased antioxidant defense. Previous studies from our groups showed that accumulation of oxidative damage is an early event in DS neurodegeneration and that oxidative modifications of selected proteins affects the integrity of the protein degradative systems, antioxidant response, neuronal integrity and energy metabolism. In particular, the current review elaborates recent findings demonstrating the accumulation of oxidative damage in DS and we focus attention on specific deregulation of iron metabolism, which affects both the central nervous system and the periphery. Iron dysmetabolism is a well-recognized factor that contributes to neurodegeneration; thus we opine that better understanding how and to what extent the concerted loss of iron dyshomeostasis and increased OS occur in DS could provide novel insights for the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer-like dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Barone E, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. HNE-modified proteins in Down syndrome: Involvement in development of Alzheimer disease neuropathology. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:262-269. [PMID: 27838436 PMCID: PMC5639937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. The neuropathology of DS involves multiple molecular mechanisms, similar to AD, including the deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) into senile plaques and tau hyperphosphorylationg in neurofibrillary tangles. Interestingly, many genes encoded by chromosome 21, in addition to being primarily linked to amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) pathology, are responsible for increased oxidative stress (OS) conditions that also result as a consequence of reduced antioxidant system efficiency. However, redox homeostasis is disturbed by overproduction of Aβ, which accumulates into plaques across the lifespan in DS as well as in AD, thus generating a vicious cycle that amplifies OS-induced intracellular changes. The present review describes the current literature that demonstrates the accumulation of oxidative damage in DS with a focus on the lipid peroxidation by-product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). HNE reacts with proteins and can irreversibly impair their functions. We suggest that among different post-translational modifications, HNE-adducts on proteins accumulate in DS brain and play a crucial role in causing the impairment of glucose metabolism, neuronal trafficking, protein quality control and antioxidant response. We hypothesize that dysfunction of these specific pathways contribute to accelerated neurodegeneration associated with AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Salud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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3
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Li DZ, Yang YD. Invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal thalassemia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 39:41-52. [PMID: 27889305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia is the most common monogenic inherited disease worldwide, affecting individuals originating from many countries to various extents. As the disease requires long-term care, prevention of the homozygous state presents a substantial global disease burden. The comprehensively preventive programs involve carrier detections, molecular diagnostics, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis. Invasive prenatal diagnosis refers to obtaining fetal material by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) at the first trimester, and by amniocentesis or cordocentesis at the second trimester. Molecular diagnosis, which includes multiple techniques that are aimed at the detection of mutations in the α- or β-globin genes, facilitates prenatal diagnosis and definitive diagnosis of the fetus. These are valuable procedures for couples at risk, so that they can be offered options to have healthy offspring. According to local practices and legislation, genetic counseling should accompany the invasive diagnostic procedures, DNA testing, and disclosure of the results. The most critical issue in any type of prenatal molecular testing is maternal cell contamination (MCC), especially when a fetus is found to inherit a particular mutation from the mother. The best practice is to perform MCC studies on all prenatal samples. The recent successful studies of fetal DNA in maternal plasma may allow future prenatal testing that is non-invasive for the fetus and result in significant reduction of invasive diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan-Dong Yang
- Fetal Medicine Division, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Manoli I, Fryssira H. Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Greece: achievements and challenges. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:383-90. [PMID: 26436103 PMCID: PMC4585445 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irini Manoli
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helen Fryssira
- Medical Genetics, Choremio Research Laboratory, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens - School of Medicine Athens, Greece
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Traeger-Synodinos J, Vrettou C, Kanavakis E. Prenatal, noninvasive and preimplantation genetic diagnosis of inherited disorders: hemoglobinopathies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2011; 11:299-312. [PMID: 21463239 DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of hemoglobin synthesis have been used as a prototype for the development of most approaches for prenatal diagnosis (PND). PND for hemoglobinopathies based on molecular analysis of trophoblast or amniocyte DNA has accumulated approximately 30 years of experience. Disadvantages with conventional PND include 'invasive' fetal sampling and the need to terminate affected ongoing pregnancies. New developments are directed towards improving both the timing and/or safety of procedures. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, an established procedure with 20 years of clinical application, avoids the need to terminate affected pregnancies through the identification and selective transfer of unaffected in vitro fertilization embryos. Approaches towards 'noninvasive' PND, through analyzing fetal cells or free fetal DNA present in the circulation of pregnant women, are a focus of ongoing research. Overall, PND, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (and potentially 'noninvasive' PND) represent valuable reproductive options for couples at risk of having a child affected with a severe inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Traeger-Synodinos
- Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece.
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Perluigi M, di Domenico F, Fiorini A, Cocciolo A, Giorgi A, Foppoli C, Butterfield DA, Giorlandino M, Giorlandino C, Eugenia Schininà M, Coccia R. Oxidative stress occurs early in Down syndrome pregnancy: A redox proteomics analysis of amniotic fluid. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 5:167-78. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Simon-Bouy B, Mornet E. [Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis: a tool for the future? Which consequences for our practices?]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE & FERTILITE 2010; 38:435-438. [PMID: 20579924 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders: Present and future strategies. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1767-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hahn S, Jackson LG, Kolla V, Mahyuddin AP, Choolani M. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies and Mendelian disorders: new innovative strategies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 9:613-21. [PMID: 19732005 DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of recent technical developments, such as digital PCR or shot-gun sequencing, for the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA, have indicated that the long-sought goal of the noninvasive detection of Down syndrome may finally be attained. Although these methods are still cumbersome and not high throughput, they provide a paradigm shift in prenatal diagnosis, as they could effectively pronounce the end of invasive procedures, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villous sampling for the detection of such fetal anomalies. However, it remains to be determined how suitable these approaches are for the detection of more subtle fetal genetic alterations, such as those involved in hereditary Mendelian disorders (e.g., thalassemia and cystic fibrosis). New technical developments, such as microfluidics and reliable automated scanning microscopes, have indicated that it may be possible to efficiently retrieve and examine circulating fetal cells. As these contain the entire genomic complement of the fetus, future developments may include the noninvasive determination of the fetal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuhe Hahn
- University Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, CH 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Rosatelli MC, Saba L. Prenatal Diagnosis of β-Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2009; 1:e2009011. [PMID: 21415992 PMCID: PMC3033155 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2009.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia was accomplished for the first time in the 1970s by globin chain synthesis analysis on fetal blood obtained by placental aspiration at 18-22 weeks gestation. Since then, the molecular definition of the β-globin gene pathology, the development of procedures of DNA analysis, and the introduction of chorionic villous sampling have dramatically improved prenatal diagnosis of this disease and of related disorders. Much information is now available about the molecular mechanisms of the diseases and the molecular testing is widespread. As prenatal diagnosis has to provide an accurate, safe and early result, an efficient screening of the population and a rapid molecular characterization of the couple at risk, are necessary prerequisites. In the last decades earlier and less invasive approaches for prenatal diagnosis were developed. A overview of the most promising procedure will be done. Moreover, in order to reduce the choice of interrupting the pregnancy in case of affected fetus, Preimplantation or Preconceptional Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) has been setting up for several diseases including thalassemias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisella Saba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Cagliari. Italy
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12
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Kroneis T, Gutstein-Abo L, Kofler K, Hartmann M, Hartmann P, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Walcher W, Dohr G, Petek E, Guetta E, Sedlmayr P. Automatic retrieval of single microchimeric cells and verification of identity by on-chip multiplex PCR. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:954-69. [PMID: 19453769 PMCID: PMC3823127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of rare cells is not an easy task. This is especially true when cells representing a fetal microchimerism are to be utilized for the purpose of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis because it is both imperative and difficult to avoid contaminating the minority of fetal cells with maternal ones. Under these conditions, even highly specific biochemical markers are not perfectly reliable. We have developed a method to verify the genomic identity of rare cells that combines automatic screening for enriched target cells (based on immunofluorescence labelling) with isolation of single candidate microchimeric cells (by laser microdissection and subsequent laser catapulting) and low-volume on-chip multiplex PCR for DNA fingerprint analysis. The power of the method was tested using samples containing mixed cells of related and non-related individuals. Single-cell DNA fingerprinting was successful in 74% of the cells analysed (55/74), with a PCR efficiency of 59.2% (860/1452) for heterozygous loci. The identification of cells by means of DNA profiling was achieved in 100% (12/12) of non-related cells in artificial mixtures and in 86% (37/43) of cells sharing a haploid set of chromosomes and was performed on cells enriched from blood and cells isolated from tissue. We suggest DNA profiling as a standard for the identification of microchimerism on a single-cell basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kroneis
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Geifman-Holtzman O, Ober Berman J. Prenatal diagnosis: update on invasive versus noninvasive fetal diagnostic testing from maternal blood. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 8:727-51. [PMID: 18999924 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The modern obstetrics care includes noninvasive prenatal diagnosis testing such as first trimester screening performed between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation and second trimester screening performed between 15 and 20 weeks. In these screening tests, biochemical markers are measured in the maternal blood with or without ultrasound for fetal nuchal translucency with reported accuracy of up to 90%. Invasive procedures, including amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling, are used to achieve over 99% accuracy. During these procedures direct fetal material is examined and, therefore, these tests are highly accurate with the caveat of a small risk for pregnancy loss. Much research now focuses on other noninvasive highly accurate and risk-free tests that will identify fetal material in the maternal blood. Fetal cells and fetal DNA/RNA provide fetal information but are hard to find in an overwhelming background of maternal cells and in the absence of specific fetal cell markers. The most experience has been accumulated with fetal rhesus and fetal sex determination from maternal blood, with an accuracy of up to 100% by using gene sequences that are absent from maternal blood. Although not clinically applicable yet, fetal cells, fetal DNA/RNA and fetal proteomics in combination with cutting edge technology are described to prenatally diagnose aneuploidies and single-gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossie Geifman-Holtzman
- Division of Reproductive Genetics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Hahn S, Zhong XY, Holzgreve W. Recent progress in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 13:57-62. [PMID: 18207470 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the first finding that fetal cells can enter the maternal circulation was made more than a century ago, it is still unclear if this finding will be translated into a clinically useful diagnostic tool in the foreseeable future. However, significant progress has been made via the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma/serum and clinical services are now already being offered for the determination of fetal rhesus D status and sex. Currently, however, this technology is really only suited for the analysis of fetal genetic loci completely absent from the maternal genome. The detection of more subtle fetal genetic traits, such as point mutations involved in Mendelian disorders (thalassaemia, cystic fibrosis), is considerably more complex. Preliminary reports indicate that the detection of fetal aneuploidies might be possible using epigenetically modified genes, e.g. maspin on chromosome 18. Additionally, an exiting recent development is that it might be feasible to detect Down syndrome via the quantitative assessment of placentally derived cell-free mRNA of chromosome-21-specific genes such as PLAC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuhe Hahn
- University Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
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Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis: implications for antenatal diagnosis and the management of high-risk pregnancies. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 13:55-6. [PMID: 18249163 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis: current practice and future perspectives. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2008; 20:146-51. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e3282f73349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ponnusamy S, Mohammed N, Ho SSY, Zhang HM, Chan YH, Ng YW, Su LL, Mahyuddin AP, Venkat A, Chan J, Rauff M, Biswas A, Choolani M. In vivo model to determine fetal-cell enrichment efficiency of novel noninvasive prenatal diagnosis methods. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:494-502. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chitty LS, van der Schoot CE, Hahn S, Avent ND. SAFE—TheSpecial Non-invasiveAdvances inFetal and NeonatalEvaluation Network: aims and achievements. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:83-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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