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Leicht A, Gatz-Schrupp J, Masuda H. Discovery of Nylon 11 ingestion by mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) larvae and detection of monomer-degrading bacteria in gut microbiota. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:612-623. [PMID: 36694582 PMCID: PMC9834084 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nylon 11, which can be found in many commercial products, is a synthetic plastic that has previously been considered non-biodegradable. Increasing nylon 11 and other plastics in landfills and in the environment pose an environmental concern. Recent studies on plastic biodegradation revealed that initial mechanical fragmentations increase the rate of degradation. In this study, we discovered that the larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) can masticate nylon 11 film at the rate of 0.25 ± 0.07 mg per fifty larvae per day. The body mass of larvae did not differ from that of starvation control while feeding on nylon 11. Comparison of gut microbiota in nylon-fed and starving larvae showed a shift in composition. There was a significant variation in community composition among the nylon 11-fed experimental groups, suggesting that many organisms are capable of metabolizing nylon 11 fragments and/or possess a growth advantage in a nylon-fed gut environment. We also discovered that a significant fraction of gut microbiome of control larvae is capable of metabolizing nylon 11 monomer (11-aminoundecanoic acid) even in the absence of prior exposure to nylon 11. This is the first study demonstrating ingestion of nylon polymers by invertebrates, and our results suggest the potential of mealworm larvae for nylon 11 biodegradation applications.
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Ma N, Liu W, Ma L, He S, Liu H, Zhang Z, Sun A, Huang M, Zhu C. Crystal transition and thermal behavior of Nylon 12. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe polyamide 12 (PA12) with different crystal forms is prepared with three crystallization paths. The crystal structures and corresponding thermal properties are systematically investigated. The results reveal that an α-form and a mixed (α + γ)-form of PA12 can be obtained by casting at 30°C and (40–80°C), respectively. Meanwhile, the γ-form of PA12 can be obtained by both casting at 90°C and slow melt cooling. However, the γ′-form is obtained only by melt quenching. Both the γ and γ′ forms of PA12 exhibit a single melting peak, whereas the α-form exhibits two melting peaks. The higher peak is attributed to the melting of γ-PA12, which originates from the melting–recrystallization of the α-PA12. It is found that the tensile properties of PA12 depend on the crystal forms. Both the γ and γ′-PA12 are strong and tough polymer materials, while α-PA12 is a strong but brittle polymer material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application (Zhengzhou University), No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Isotope Institute Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450015, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Material of Zhejiang Province, Department of Functional Materials and Nano-Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Miaoming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
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Liu S, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhao Q. Ferroelectric behavior and polarization mechanism in odd-odd polyamide 11,11. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 China
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology; Luoyang 471023 China
| | - Zhe Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Minying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Zhaopeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Qingxiang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 China
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Novel long chain unsaturated diisocyanate from fatty acid: Synthesis, characterization, and application in bio-based polyurethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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