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Lin X, Wu Y, Fan S, Chen X, Liu Y, Liu X, Zheng W. Structural evolution and properties of polyamide‐6/poly(ether block amide) films during the simultaneous biaxial stretching. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Shuhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xiamen Changsu Industrial Company Limited Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xiaochao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Xiamen Changsu Industrial Company Limited Xiamen Fujian China
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2
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Gloger D, Rossegger E, Gahleitner M, Wagner C. Plastic drawing response in the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) process: polymer structure and film casting effects. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProcessing isotactic polypropylene (iPP) from cast film into biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) involves plastic drawing of a semi-crystalline morphology in the melting range of iPP, where the crystal phase is reduced and the polymer has high mobility. The literature claims that plastic drawing in general and at elevated temperatures in particular depends predominantly on the structure of the amorphous entanglement network. We investigated this aspect using laboratory-scale biaxial drawing experiments. Three iPP homopolymer types differing in chain isotacticity and molecular weight distribution were extruded into 200-μm-thick primary sheets using 10 different extrusion settings. The sheets were biaxially drawn on a laboratory stretcher at 157°C and 160°C, recording the respective stress-strain curves. These curves were evaluated according to a rubber elasticity model to obtain the network modulus, GN, of the entanglement network. The effects of iPP type, the extrusion parameters, the resulting cast film properties, and the draw temperature on GN are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Gloger
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Rossegger
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Christina Wagner
- Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG, Königsberger Str. 5-7, 83313 Siegsdorf, Germany
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3
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Li Y, Jiang B, Li W, Wang J, Yang Y. The chain microstructure and condensed structure of polyethylene resin used for Biaxially stretched film. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Binbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Wei Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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4
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Egoshi K, Kanai T, Tamura K. In situ simultaneous measurement of stress, retardation, and three-dimensional refractive indexes during biaxial stretching experiments under various preheating times. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An evaluation method for the stretchability of a biaxially oriented film during the stretching process was recently developed using an in situ measurement test machine. Stress, retardation, three-dimensional refractive indexes, light-scattering image, and birefringence distribution of films could be obtained in a short time. This stretching test machine was applied to examine the film stretchability of both semicrystalline polymers, such as polypropylene, and noncrystalline polymers, such as polystyrene, under various preheating times. From the measurements, the stress of semicrystalline polymers increased with increasing preheating times before stretching the film. However, the stress of noncrystalline polymers did not increase with increasing preheating times. This means that semicrystalline polymer is required to set up an optimum stretching condition of the preheating time for a satisfactory biaxially oriented film. Furthermore, the birefringence distribution and thickness uniformity of the stretched film were measured simultaneously. It was found that the stretchability of polypropylene and polystyrene films could be evaluated with a small piece of the sample using the biaxial stretching test machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Egoshi
- ETO Co. Ltd. , 3403-1 Shake Ebina City, Kanagawa , Japan
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5
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Kobayashi T, Saito H. Structural Evolution of Two-Phase Blends of Polycarbonate and PMMA by Simultaneous Biaxial Stretching. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E950. [PMID: 30960875 PMCID: PMC6404030 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the structural evolution of the two-phase blends of polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at various blend compositions by simultaneous biaxial stretching, using optical microscopy and SEM observation. The spherical PMMA domains and PC matrix of 30/70 PC/PMMA were enlarged uniformly at the all in-plane direction, while the anisotropic-shaped co-continuous structure in 50/50 PC/PMMA was deformed to a crosshatched structure by the in-plane bimodal orientation. In 70/30 PC/PMMA, the phase inversion was found to occur by simultaneous biaxial stretching; that is, the spherical PMMA domains were changed to a crosshatched matrix by the in-plane bimodal orientation due to coalescence of the PMMA domains during the stretching. Owing to the phase inversion, the surface hardness estimated by the pencil hardness test became harder, from 2B to 2H, increasing the strain from 1.0 to 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kobayashi
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Saito
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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6
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Egoshi K, Kanai T, Tamura K. Development of a biaxial stretching test machine and its applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The evaluation method for a biaxially oriented film was developed using in-situ measurement during the stretching process. It can obtain basic data such as stress-strain curves, birefringence, light scattering, three dimensional refractive indexes and birefringence distribution. Stress and strain as functions of stretching speed and stretching temperature, as well as the deformation of spherulite of semi-crystalline polymer can be obtained by measuring the birefringence and light scattering during the biaxial stretching process with a small piece of polymer sample. The experimental results show the stress, retardation and three dimensional molecular orientations behavior during the simultaneous biaxial stretching and the sequential biaxial stretching process. Stretchability, thickness uniformity and spherulite size can be obtained simultaneously. In this paper, advantages and details of the newly developed system will be discussed with some experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Egoshi
- ETO Co., Ltd. , 3403-1 Shake , Ebina City, Kanagawa , Japan
- College of Science and Engineering , Kanazawa University , Ishikawa , Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kanai
- KT Polymer , 5-7-14 Kuranamidai , Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0245 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- College of Science and Engineering , Kanazawa University , Ishikawa , Japan
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Kanai T, Okuyama Y, Takashige M. Dynamics and structure development for biaxial stretching polyamide 6 films. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshimune Okuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
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8
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Kanai T, Egoshi K, Ohno S, Takebe T. The evaluation of stretchability and its applications for biaxially oriented polypropylene film. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Kanai
- KT Polymer; Sodegaura Chiba Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kentaro Egoshi
- Optical Division; Eto Co., Ltd. Shake; Ebina Kanagawa Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohno
- Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takebe
- Performance Materials Laboratory; Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Kaigan; Ichihara Chiba Japan
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9
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Tamura S, Kanai T. Control of well-defined crater structures on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film by adding nucleators. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tamura
- Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.; 580-30, Nagaura; Sodegaura-city; Chiba; 299-0265; Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kanai
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.; 1-1, Anesaki-Kaigan; Ichihara-city; Chiba; 299-0193; Japan
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